1、题型四 阅读理解,贵阳中考五年命题规律及趋势年份考查点 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011A文体 诗歌 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文词数 约 176 词 约 320 词 约 154 词 约 250 词 约 193 词话题通过即将毕业的我回顾过去的三年时间里我的学校生活或者经历，我与同学们的友情、进步，抒发了对学校、老师们的留恋，对同学时光的美好记忆对于巴布亚新几内亚的青少年男孩们来说，发型对他们的未来很重要青少年谈话的话题最喜欢的音乐加里弗尼亚人吉姆靠打工挣钱回泰国看望家人和朋友，丢了钱包和银行卡，又失而复得北美学生上学的交通方式B文体 记叙文 说明文 说明文 说明文 记叙文词
2、数 约 241 词 约 323 词 约 291 词 约 289 词 约 290 词话题苏珊的父亲为了供她上大学，卖掉了车，打两份工的故事全球气候变暖对北极熊的影响世界各地建筑物的样式大气污染的危害及应对策略我想退学，父亲以一种特殊方式拒绝了，我感触很深，发奋学习，考上了大学C文体 说明文 应用文、电 子邮件 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文词数 约 275 词 约 280 词 约 277 词 约 280 词 约 300 词话题肢体语言是最有效的交流方式之一凯特本来想通过练瑜珈使自己更健康，但结果盲人老园丁养花的四个理由护士是怎么来的南丁格尔的故事我和我的朋友查瑞斯的澳大利亚沙漠之旅却因为上瑜珈课淋雨而得
3、了重感冒阅读理解 A 篇文体多为记叙文， 2015 年首次出现了诗歌，话题主要是关于人物经历及感受，跨文化介绍，励志故事，青少年谈话等。词数是 220 词左右。形式可为短文、表格，2015 年出现了叙事诗等。考查方式上多为4 道细节理解题和 1 道主旨大意题，设题形式为探究型选择为主。阅读理解 B 篇主要为说明文或记叙文，话题主要为科学类说明文，也有励志故事类记叙文，考查方式上多为34 道推理判断题，偶尔考查 1 道细节理解或词义猜测题，设题形式也是挖空型选择。阅读理解 C 篇主要为记叙文，也可能是说明文或应用文，话题多涉及幽默故事，咨询建议，特殊人物类介绍，跨文化介绍等，词数在 270300
4、 词，考查方式为句子还原，多为六个句子，其中有 5 个句子要还原在短文中。考点预测：贵阳市 2016 中考题型会在自己原有的基础上稳定中有小变化。考生要针对这一特点加大训练的题量，但同时也对其他类型的题目有所练习。考题中直接读细节就可选出答案的题目会有所减少，而理解文章，判断文章大意的题目数量，也就是题目的难度会有所增加。还原型阅读理解是近年贵阳市一直在用的一个新题型，它考查学生对故事情节和事件发展顺序的理解能力和段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系的理解。,解题方法与技巧阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短
5、文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读理解题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能将各类阅读问题轻松搞定。一、阅读原文，理解大意首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。二、审读题目，正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题判断得出正确答案。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；主旨大意题；标题归纳题；数字计算题。三、重读原文，复核检查完成各小题后必须将短
6、文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。(2015 贵阳中考)I Remember Looking back at these past three yearsI remember many thingsTrying to be on time for morning readingsRunning when the lunch bell ringsI remember the excitementOf the school sports day each yearThe many long hours of trainingPr
7、ide of overcoming fearI remember starting day oneThe shyest in my whole classNever speaking to anyoneAnd thinking I would not passThen slowly I made some new friendsTo remember foreverHelping each other with homeworkGetting better togetherPreparing for art festivalsAnd making a great big messHaving
8、fun at New Years partiesWishing everyone the bestWe have learned a different languageThat is from a foreign landEnglish brings many challengesWe work hard to understandAnd now its time to graduateWe will leave our lovely schoolI cant believe its been three yearsIm_trying_to_keep_my_coolBut its diffi
9、cult not to cryIll miss the school trees and flowersAnd our kind and caring teachersWonderful memories of ours( )1.According to the poem，we can guess the writer is probably _ of the junior high school.Aa coach Ba teacher C a graduate( )2.From one part of the poem，we know the writer used to be a _ pe
10、rson at school.Ashy Bgood Ccute( )3.The writer thinks English is a subject which is full of _.Awords Bchallenges Cmeanings( )4.The underlined sentence“Im trying to keep my cool”means _ in Chinese.A我一定让自己很酷 B我保持清新的模样 C我极力保持冷静( )5.In the poem，the writer mentioned several beautiful memories of _.Athe s
11、chool life Bschool sports day Cthe art festival【主旨大意】本文通过即将毕业的我回顾过去三年时间里我的学校生活，成长经历，我与同学们的友谊，进步，抒发了我对学校，老师们的留恋，对同学时光的美好记忆。1C 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据这首诗，我们能够猜测作者可能是初级中学的_。A.一个教练；B. 一名教师；C.一名毕业生，根据第七段第一句， And now its time to graduate 可知选 C。2A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这首诗的一个部分，我们知道作者过去常常在学校是一个_的人。A.害羞的；B.好的；C.聪明的，根据第
12、三段 The shyest in my whole class 可知应选 A。3B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者认为英语是一门充满_的学科。A.词汇；B.挑战；C. 意思含义，根据第六段 English brings many challenges 可知选 B。4C 【解析】句义猜测题，题干意为：画线的句子 “Im trying to keep my cool”汉语意思是_。根据“try to do sth.努力做某事”可知选 C。A. 我一定让自己很酷； B.我保持清新的模样；C.我极力保持冷静。5A 【解析】主旨大意题，题干意为：在这首诗里，作者提及了_的几个美好记忆。A. 学校生活
13、；B.学校体育节；C.艺术节，通读全诗可知。本文主要讲的是学校生活的话题，所以选 A。,考点：细节理解题方法突破：细节理解题要注意同义不同句。利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求考生根据对短文的理解，直接选出正确的答案，一般在通读文章后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层次理解题。考点：词义猜测题方法突破：根据前后的比较对照关系，对它的定义(描述)、重述以及举例等进行猜测或者利用同位语、同义词及构词法等进行猜
14、测。单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，考查对文章关键词语的理解。解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧；通过上下文来猜测词义；通过同义词或反义词来猜测词义；通过句法功能猜测词义；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义；根据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一个能使句子的意思连贯、通顺，且与上下文的内容一致，哪个选项就是该题的答案。考点：主旨大意题方法突破：从文中的首、尾句(段) 寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文中的主旨大意。做主旨大意题，要求在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。不少文章一开头便展示出文中的主题。尤其是新闻报道之类的，第一段通常
15、是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文中的中心含义。在文章的段落中往往由开头的一句作为主题句来概括该段的中心意思。但在不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次( 主题句或主题段)、作者的写作目的等方面。要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点，概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、任务特征和环境特点等。考点：标题归纳题方法突破：标题归纳题用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。做此类题目时要注意：1.以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；2.不选对的，只选最适合本篇文章的；3.注意绝对化的词语；4.答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；5.“傻瓜”原则，文章
16、中没有提到的就当做不知道，不要妄自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。考点：推理判断题推理判断题是阅读理解题设题的另一个重点。解答此类题时，学生要根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、作者的态度、文章的论调和倾向进行推断。读整篇文章，理解作者意图，你的想法未必是正确答案。,2016 备考猜押A 篇话题 1 人物经历及感受Passage 1(2015 滨州中考)微笑的力量Sixteen years ago a boy gave me an important gift.It was a smile.It was the early autumn of my first year a
17、t a middle school，and my old school was far away.As a result，no one knew who I was.I was very lonely，and afraid to speak to anyone.Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing，I felt my heart break.I couldnt talk with anyone about my problems.Then one day，when my classmates were talkin
18、g happily with their friends，I was sitting at my desk unhappily as usual.At that moment，a boy entered the classroom.I didnt know who he was.He passed by me and then turned back.He looked at me，with a smile.Suddenly，I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.It made me feel happy and warm.That
19、 smile changed my life.I started to talk with other students and made friends.Day by day，I became closer to everyone in my class.The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.One day I asked him why he had smiled，but he couldnt remember doing so!It doesnt matter because all the dark day
20、s have gone.I believe that the world is what you think it is.If you think it is lonely， you might always be alone.So smile at the world and it will smile back.( )1.When did the writer get the gift?AAt the age of 16.BAfter making friends with the boy.CIn the first year at a middle school.( )2.Why was
21、 the smile an important gift?ABecause the writers old school was far away.BBecause the writer didnt know who the boy was.CBecause the writer felt lonely and had no friends and it made her feel happy and warm.( )3.Why didnt the writer talk to anyone in her new school about her problems?ABecause she w
22、as always unhappy.BBecause she didnt know anyone at the time.CBecause she was in the first year at the junior high school.( )4.How did the smile change her life?AShe started to make friends.BShe became the best friend of the boy.CHer parents didnt worry about her any more.( )5.Where does she now thi
23、nk her feeling of unhappiness came from?AFrom her old school.BFrom her parents.CFrom herself.Passage 2(2015 安徽中考)Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents.Every day they are very busy trying to make money for my schooling.One day，my mother was sewing a quilt(缝被子) I silently s
24、at beside her.“Mom，is there love between you and Dad？” I asked in a very low voice.With surprise in her eyes，she stopped her work for a while.Then she said， “Susan，look at this thread(线)It can hardly be seen，but its really there.It makes the quilt strong.If life is a quilt，love should be a thread.Lo
25、ve is inside.”I couldnt understand her until the next spring.At that time，my father suddenly got sick seriously.My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.After they were back，my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day.They were so kind to each other and it
26、seemed they were the happiest couple.After two months my father still couldnt walk by himself.“Dad，how are you feeling now ？” I asked him one day.“Susan，dont worry about me.” he said.“I just like walking with your mom.I like this kind of life.” Reading his eyes，I knew he loves my mother deeply.Now I
27、 understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.Love is inside，making life strong and warm.( )1.Why are Susans parents busy trying to make money?ATo send Susan to school.BTo go to see the doctor.CTo buy a strong quilt.( )2.Susans father stayed in hospital for _.Aone day Bone monthCtw
28、o months( )3.Susan came to understand her mother _.Awhile her mother was sewing a quiltBbefore her father was in hospitalCafter her father was seriously sick( )4.What can we know from the passage?ASusans father is very lazy.BSusans mother is a nurse.CSusans parents love each other.( )5.Which of the
29、following could be the best title for the passage?AHow to Make a Quilt StrongBLove is Just a ThreadCWalking on the Country RoadPassage 3(2015 孝感中考)Once a small boy lived on a farm which seemed so far away from everywhere.He needed to get up before sunrise every morning to help his father on the farm
30、.During sunrise he would take a break and climb up on the fence(篱笆) along the side of the farm.He could see a house with golden windows.“If they could afford golden windows，then there must be other nice things inside the house.” He imagined how great it would be to live there.Then he promised himsel
31、f， “Some day I will go there and see this wonderful place.”One morning，his father would go to the town and told him to stay at home for a rest.Knowing that this was his chance， he took a sandwich and headed across the field towards the house with the golden windows.As the afternoon went on，he began
32、to realize how wrong he was.The house was much farther than he had expected.As he went near the house，he saw no golden windows but instead a place in bad need of painting.A small girl very close to his age came out of the poor house and stood by the broken fence.He asked her if she had seen the hous
33、e with the golden windows.The girl said， “Sure，I know.” and invited him to sit on the porch(门廊)As he sat there，he looked back from where he just came.There he saw the sunset(夕阳) turned the windows of his house to gold! Now he understood that everyone had his own house with golden windows.( )1.During
34、 his break every morning，the small boy would _.Afix the fenceBclimb up on the fenceCeat sandwiches( )2.One morning，when knowing he would stay alone，the boy thought it was a chance for him to _.Ago to the townBgo to see the houseCmake the golden windows( )3.What did the boy find when he got there?ANo
35、body lived in the poor house.BThe house was as old as he expected.CNo golden windows were in the house.( )4.The story tells us that people sometimes may have the thought _.ALike father，like sonBLove me，love my dogCThe grass is greener somewhere else( )5.Which is the best title for the passage?AGolde
36、n WindowsBA Wonderful PlaceCFather and Son话题 2 人物传记Passage 4(2015 邯郸三模)李云迪Li Yundi is a Chinese classical pianist，born in Chongqing on October 7，1982.He is most well known for being the youngest pianist to win the International Frederic Chopin Piano Competition，in 2000.He now lives in Hong Kong，Chin
37、a.His parents both worked for the Chongqing Steel and Iron Company.Although he comes from a family of nonmusicians， Yundi took to music early.When he was three years old，his parents bought him an accordion after he was so entranced(着迷的) by an accordion player in a shopping mall that he refused to le
38、ave.He mastered(精通) the accordion by the age of four， studying with Tan Jianmin，a music professor in China.Just one year later，he won the top prize at the Chongqing Childrens Accordion Competition.He began learning the piano at the age of seven.Two years later，his teacher introduced him to Dan Zhaoy
39、i，one of Chinas most famous piano teachers，with whom he would study for nine years.Lis aim was to become a famous pianist.In 1994，he entered the Shenzhen Arts School.He later studied at the Hochschule for Music，Theater and Medien Hanover in Hanover，Germany.Li Yundi has received top awards in many co
40、mpetitions.In October 2000，he took part in the 14th International Frederic Chopin Piano Competition，and ，at the age of 18， became the youngest winner and the first Chinese musician in the competitions history.Li was given the “Polonaise award” by the Chopin Society for his performance in the competi
41、tion.( )1.Li Yundi began learning the piano at the age of _.Anine Bseven Cfour( )2.From the article，we can learn that Dan Zhaoyi is a _.Acommon workerBfamous violinistCfamous piano teacher( )3.When did Li Yundi win the top prize at the Chongqing Childrens Accordion Competition?AIn 1986. BIn 1987. CI
42、n 1989.( )4.Which of the following is TRUE?ALi Yundis parents are both musicians.BLi Yundis aim was not to become a famous pianist.CLi Yundi learned to play the accordion before the piano.( )5.The passage is mainly about Li Yundis _.Ateacher Btop awardsCexperience话题 3 文化习俗Passage 5(2015 恩施中考)中西节日来源于
43、风俗The MidAutumn Festival is a very important Chinese festival.It falls on the 15th day of lunar August.A few day before the festival，everyone in the family will help to make the house clean and beautiful.Lantern will be hung in front of the house.On the evening there will be a big family dinner.Peop
44、le who work far away from their home will try to come back for the reunion(团聚 )After dinner，people will light the lanterns which are usually red and round.Children will play with their own toy lanterns happily.At night the moon is usually round and bright.People can enjoy the moon while eating moonc
45、akes which are the special food for this festival.Fathers Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June both in the USA and the UK.Ms.Sonora Smart Dodd，a loving daughter from Spokane，had the good idea that society must celebrate a day to honor the father，because he made an important contribution to
46、the raising of children.People celebrate the festival by honoring their fathers and expressing love for them by giving popular gifts like cards，flowers，chocolates and ties.Little children often give handmade gifts to their dad.( )1.What will people do before the MidAutumn Festival?ALight the lantern
47、s.BHave a big family dinner.CClean their houses and hang the lanterns.( )2.What does the moon usually look like on the night of the MidAutumn Festival?ARed and round.BRound and bright.CRed and bright.( )3.When is Fathers Day in the USA?AOn the third Sunday of June.BOn the second Sunday of June.COn t
48、he third Saturday of June.( )4.Who came up with the idea of celebrating Fathers Day?ASome little children.BA father.CMs.Sonora Smart Dodd.( )5.Why did people set up Fathers Day to honor the father?ABecause he wanted to get together with his children.BBecause he expressed great love for his children.
49、CBecause he made contributions to the raising of children.Passage 6(2015 石家庄 18 县联考)第二语言The Vieira family moved to the United States in 1981.At that time，they decided to stop speaking Spanish at home and only communicate in English.This was because they were now living in an Englishspeaking country.Now th
