1、,salad days 意为年轻无阅历的时期。西方人吃的沙拉以蔬菜为主。蔬菜多为绿色，而绿色在英文里象征年轻，因此salad days指的是：年轻富有幻想的时代。salad days作为习惯用语四百多年前就已出现在莎士比亚剧本中了。 Are you still in your salad days?,We didnt know much about each other twenty years ago. We were guided by our intuition; you swept me off my feet. It was snowing when we got married a
2、t the Ahwahnee. Years passed, kids came, good times, hard times, but never bad times. Our love and respect has endured and grown. Weve been through so much together and here we are right back where we started 20 years ago-older, wiser with wrinkles on our faces and hearts. We now know many of lifes
3、joys, sufferings, secrets and wonders and were still here together. My feet have never returned to the ground.,句子翻译1,视角转移,Words fail me! (=I cant describe or answer that, esp. because of surprise or shock. )我（惊得/吓得）就是说不出话来！ 2. No complaints passed her lips. (A.S. Hornby)她从不抱怨。 3. To make her his que
4、en never entered his mind. (Andersens Fairy Tales: The Little Mermaid)他从来也没有想到要把她娶为皇后。 4. Not a sound reached our ears. (A.S. Hornby)我们没有听到任何声音。 5. When Della reached home her excitement gave way a little to prudence and reason. (O. Henry: The Gifts)德拉到家以后，（她）开始有点由兴奋转向谨慎和理智了）,Practice,Topics to be c
5、overed: 一.主体的转移 二.空间视角的转移 三.时间视角的转移 四.正反视角的转移,一.主体的转移 Conversion of Impersonal Subjects Impersonal subjects are far more often found in English than in Chinese, hence the necessity of their conversion into personal or other subjects in Chinese. 汉语倾向于选择有生命的生命体作为主语，而英语在使用生命体作主语的同时也经常采用无生命体作主语。,（1）The
6、year 1949 witnessed the founding of the Peoples Republic of China 1949年中华人民共和国成立。 （2）Shanghai first saw the rise of the movement 这个运动首先在上海兴起。 （3）The following year saw the death of his mother 第二年他妈妈去世了。 （4）Many troubles visited the poor old man last year 去年这个可怜的老人碰到了不少麻烦。,Convert Impersonal Subjects
7、 into Personal or Other Subjects （把非人称主语转换为人称主语或其他主语）Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line for lunch and later played an exhibition match. (Ch
8、ina. USA. Table Tennis)星期五那天，中国乒乓球队一早就到安亚伯附近去参观拥有22000名学生的密执安大学现代校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅一起排队取午餐，然后举行了一场表演赛。,2. Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Simple Sentences into Chinese Complex Sentences(转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句拆成汉语的复合句） I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from
9、 sending an earlier reply to your letter. （我因为）近来忙于各种事务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。 To accept this position would involve my living in London.如果我接受这个职务，我就必须住在伦敦。 The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents. 一看到那孤儿，我便想起她的父母亲。,常用形象的写法赋予无生命主语以人或人的团体所特有的动作，以增加句子的表现力。类似的用法还有： My watch says five. 按我的表，现在5点了
10、。 The one look had told Mary what sort of man she had to deal with. 玛丽看了一眼就明白她要对付的是什么样的人了。,3. Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese Adverbials or Prepositional Phrases (把非人称主语转换成汉语的状语或介词短语） March 1940 found me working in a small construction firm. (J. Austen)1940年3月，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。 No city on Ameri
11、can soil had known such destruction. ( Herman Wouk)在美国国土上，没有一座城市曾经遭受过如此严重的破坏。 My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。,4.Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Sentences, Simple or Complex, into Chinese Compound or Run-on Sentences.(转换非人称主语，把英语的简
12、单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水句） The satisfaction of Miss Bennets mind gave such a glow of sweet animation to her face. (J. Austen)贝内特小姐心满意足，不禁桃腮泛晕，流露出一丝激动的神情来。 The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. (Joseph: English 3200)我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。,5. Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese “Extra-positio
13、n” Elements” （把非人称主语转换成汉语的外位成分，汉语的主语用“这”来代 称这个外位成分）My two great isolating experiences have given me an almost mystical sense of identity with all suffering humanity.我有过两次不同场合的重要经历，这使我产生了一种几乎带有神秘色彩的同情心而站在一切受苦人一边。,二.空间视角的转移 Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant
14、 respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 极端主义者认为，人与动物在各方面都不同，对动物无需考虑道德问题,Tunnel Vision,Points of interest,三.时间视角的转移 The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，也绝不投降。 He will die of hunger before he steals. 他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。 It
15、s a long time since I enjoyed myself so much. 好长时间没这么痛快地玩了。,四.正反视角的转移 不同的思维方式往往需要不同的语言表达方式。譬如，正说和反说的习惯表达不同，就反映了英汉语使用者思维方法的不同。所以翻译时常常要采用正说反译和反说正译的转换法。这样做的目的有三：1）保证语义明确；2）加强修辞效果；3）尊重汉语表达习惯，使译文通顺易懂。,1.保证语义明确 1）正说反译 Her conduct is above reproach.她的行为无可指责。 Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom, but
16、 the want of it always leaves room for the suspicion of folly.虽然有礼貌并不一定标志着有智慧，但是无礼貌却会使人怀疑其愚蠢。,2）反说正译I wont keep you waiting long.我一会儿就回来。,2.加强修辞效果1）正说反译Opportunity knocks but once.机不可失，时不再来。(比较：机遇只光顾一次）2）反说正译 Isnt if funny?真逗！,3. 尊重汉语表达习惯，保证译文通顺易懂1）正说反译Mary lay awake almost the whole night. 玛丽躺在那儿，几
17、乎一夜没合眼。I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death.我不管别人采取什么行动，但就我而言，不自由，毋宁死！,2）反说正译We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.井枯方知水可贵。,These are our tasks for the period ahead.这些是我们今后的任务。 （past-orientation vs. future-orientation) She set a good
18、 table. 她摆了一桌丰盛的菜肴。 (the container vs. the things contained) 3. He beat her black and blue.他把她打得青一块，紫一块。 （different colors),其他：,4. People began to leave the hall by ones and twos.人们开始三三两两地离开大厅。 （different numbers) 5. Students get a discount of 20% on air fares.学生买机票可打八折。 （different angles) 6. Hardba
19、cks are usually more expensive than paperbacks. 精装书通常比简装书贵。 (material vs. packing),Homework:翻译下面的短文，注意正反表达。For three years we had never spent Halloween without Father getting his nose broken. This experience took the fun out of Halloween parties in our family. Of course, people said that things alwa
20、ys go by threes, so there was no chance of its happening again. But alas! When Father jumped out of bed and started into the hall to answer the telephone , he ran slam into the partly open door, and broke his nose for the fourth time, and today is Halloween!,Transition Page,连续三年，我们过万圣节，父亲都碰破了鼻子。这使我们
21、万圣节的家庭聚会索然无味。诚然，常言道，事不过三，因此，这类事情不会再发生了。但是，天呀！当父亲匆忙跳下床去厅里接电话时，一头撞到半掩着的门上，第四次碰破了鼻子。今天是万圣节哟！,For three years we had never spent Halloween without Father getting his nose broken. This experience took the fun out of Halloween parties in our family. Of course, people said that things always go by threes,
22、so there was no chance of its happening again. But alas! When Father jumped out of bed and started into the hall to answer the telephone , he ran slam into the partly open door, and broke his nose for the fourth time, and today is Halloween!,请随堂翻译下文。译完后，相互交换译文，作必要分析，最后提出问题请老师解答。 Einstein is often po
23、rtrayed in bourgeois writing as a genius whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that h
24、is accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.,在一些作品中，资产阶级作家常把爱因斯坦 描绘成“天才”， 说他的理论非常复杂，除了极少数最杰出的科学家外，无人能懂。但是，爱因斯坦本人反对把他摆在他人之上。他以谦卑著称。他经常对采访的记者强调，假如世上没有他， 其他人也肯定会取得他的这些成就。,Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writing as a genius whose theories are so complicate
25、d that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he ne
26、ver lived.,1.you look like a dork. 你看上去真傻 2.you went behind my back. 你背着我干事儿 3.turned my own mother against me鼓动我妈反对我 4.Ive long said 我早就说过 5.street smarts 街头智慧,知悉世态的精明 6.Youre the whole package 你简直就是全才.,1.Im already giving you the friends and family discount.我给你的已经是亲友价了。 2.will you shut up？ 你能闭嘴么？ 3.my final offer 这是我的最终报价4.good deal 真划算5.Id like to propose a toast. 我来敬大家一杯吧,Elements Page,Delete this page when done with template,
