1、(备考词汇专攻)2015 届中考英语小复习 281-290(10 份 10组专题)281 one/ it. it 所指代的,与前面的名词是同一事物;它常替代限定词 the, this, that 所修饰的单数名词,此外还可用来表示称赞或责备某人做了某事。如: Whose is the pen? Oh its mine. 这支笔是谁的?哦,是我的。 Its very kind of you to invite me to the party. 承蒙邀请,不胜感激。 (代 to invite). one 所指代的是前面名词提到的同类事物,但不是同一件,它具有泛指的性质;它只能代替可数名词,复数形式
2、是 ones 如: Have you got a pen? No, I havent. Please ask Tom, I think he has got one. 你有钢笔吗?不,我没有。你去找一下汤姆吧,我想他有一只。282 pardon/ sorry/ excuse/.pardon 主要用于没有听清别人的说的话,请别人重复。或宽恕严重的过失或冒犯。可作名词和动词。sorry 用于因做错了事或伤害了他人而向某人道歉。是形容词Excuse则用于打扰别人或防碍别人的场合。 Please pardon me for not arriving sooner. 请原谅我没有及时赶到。 I did
3、wrong and Im going to beg their pardon. 我做错了,我打算去请求他们原谅我。 Im sorry to hear that your mother is ill. 听说你的母亲病了,我很难过。 Youll be sorry about that. 你会为此事后悔的。 Excuse me, may use your pen?283 past/ passed/ pass/ passor. past 是动词 pass的过去时和过去分词。在句中作谓语。意为“通过、传递” ,时间的“消逝”等。如: He passed (by) the bank. 他路经银行。 She
4、 passed him the cake. 她把蛋糕递给他。 Two months passed before we had any news of them. 两个月过去了,我们才得到一点他们的消息。. passer “过路人” ;“过客” 。. past 不是动词形式,它除作为 pass的过去分词形容词,作表语与定语外,还可作介词、副词及名词。如: He has been working hard in the past few weeks. 他在过去的几周里工作得很努力。 (形) The past is past. 过去的事就让它过去了。 (形,名) She walked pasti h
5、im hurriedly. 她从他身边匆匆而过。 (介 The years went past without notice. 岁月不觉流逝。 (副词)284 path/ road/ way. path “道路”侧重于指“小道;小径”通常指走出来的路或指人行道等。如:a) There is a path to the top of the hill. 有一条小路通向山顶。b) Keep to the pathor you maybe lose your way. 沿着这条路走,否则你可能会迷路。. road 通常人和交通工具通行的一条条的路,它可以用作借喻,表示导致途径。如: Where do
6、es this road lead to?这条路通什么地方? It was very hot day, and the road was terrible dusty. 那是非常炎热的一天,路上的尘土多得惊人。 It is the road to success. 这是成功之路。. way 不是指人和交通工具通行的一条条的路,而是指要达到特定的地点必须通过的地方。如: It is a long way from here to the station. 从这儿到车站有一大段路。 Which is the shortest way there? 到那儿去哪条路最近? They are still
7、 on the way. 他们还在路上。285 personal/ personnel. personal p:s nl与 personnelp :snel两个词音形相近,但词性和词义不同。如:personal 是形容词, “个人的;私人的;亲身的” 。 That is my personal opinion. 那是我个人的意见。 She made a personal appearance. 她亲自到场。. personnel 是个集体名词,没有复数形式。 “全体人员;工作人员”如: Our personnel are very highly trained. 我们的工作人员训练有素。 Th
8、e personnel are unhappy about these changes. 全体工作人员都不满意这些变动。286 point / score . point 指在考试、比赛中的“分” 。如: 90 points . 90 分 We won / lost the game by 3 points. 我们以三分之差得胜/ 失败。. score 指“成绩” 。如: a score of 90 points . 90分的成绩。 She scored 20points in the competition. = Her score of the competition is 20. 她在竞
9、赛中得了 20分。287 point to/ point atpoint to 与 point at 都有用手指着某人或某物的意思。但后者还可表“对准;瞄准”之意。如: She pointed to a boy and said that he was her brother. He pointed his gun at the enemy and shouted “Hands up”他把口对准敌人,大声喊:“举起手来” 。288 police/ policeman. police 常用作复数,其后不加-s. 如: The police are on duty. 那些警察在值班。. polic
10、eman “警察”与 police 同意。其复数形式为 policemen. (policewomanpolicewomen) .但表一个警察时,应说:one / a policeman. 而不说:one / a police.289 problem/ question. problem 通常指须急于解决或决定的重大问题或难题。如 This is a difficult social problem to solve. 这是很难解决的社会问题。 He is clever enough to work out the maths problem. . question 着重指由于对某事感到疑惑不
11、解或不能断定而提出,并等待解答的问题。一般是不难的,在较短时间内能解决的问题。因此,我们可说:answer the question. 如: Please answer the question.290 propose/ suggest. propose “建议、提议” ,是书面语,带有正式和庄严的色彩。如: I propose an early start. 我建议及早开始(或动身) 。 We propose that the house (should) be repaired. 我们建议对房屋进行修理。. suggest “建议、提议” ,但没有 propose正式。如: I suggest a visit to the theatre. 我建议去看戏。 I suggest that we (should) begin at once. 我建议我们立即开始。 He suggest going to the Summer Palace. 他建议去颐和园。