1、(备考词汇专攻)2015 届中考英语小复习 101-110(10 份 10组专题)101 broad/ wide都是“宽”的意思。. broad 指幅面的宽广,侧重表面上的广阔宏大,指人时多形容背、肩、胸等,在较正式或文学性较强的文体中,也可用来描写河流、街道、田野、峡谷等和地形有关的其它东西。如:The road is 8 metres broad. . wide 指一边到另一边的空间距离,侧重两端之间距离的宽大,指人时多形容眼睛、口等。如:This skirt is too wide. broad 和 wide 的反义词都是 narrow.语法:度量表示法: “数词+名词(量)+wide(
2、broad)/long 长/thick 厚/deep 深/high高/tall 身高/around 周长”102 build/ found/ put up/ set up. build “建筑、建造”指施工建筑,如房屋、桥梁、道路等的建造,也可用于广义。如:We are building socialism with Chinas style. 我们正在建设具有中国特色的社会主义。. found “创立、成立、创办”批创立一个组织、机构、国家等。如: They founded(=built) a school for the blind. 他们创办了一亿盲人学校。 The Peoples Re
3、public of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于是 1949年。. put up 和 set up 人含义很多,但他们在表示“搭起、竖起、挂起”以及表建筑物“建起”的意思时,可以通用。只不过 put up 比 set up 要常见些。如: The boys put up (set up) their tents in the woods. 孩子们在树林里搭起了帐篷。 They have put up(set up) several cattle sheds for the team. 他们为队里建造了几个牛棚。但 set up 在表示“建起、成立”
4、某一机构团体时,不能用 put up 替换。如:The factory set up a night school last month. 这个工厂上月成立了一所夜校。103 but/ however. 都有“然而,但是”的意思。However 比较正式,可以放在句首、句中或句尾;其前面或后面要加逗号隔开,如在句中,其前后都要加逗号,不能与 but 连用;而 but只放在句首。如: Id like to go swimming with you, but I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你去游泳,但是我现在必须整理花园。 Its raining hard,
5、 however, theyre still working in the field. 雨下得很大,然而他们仍然在地里干活。 Later, however, she decided to buy it. 可是后来她决定去买下它。 He said it was so, he was mistaken, however.104 crowd / group / team. group “小组、团体” ,与 team 是同义词。指因任何目的或原因而聚集在一起所形成的群体。搭配范围较广;team 指工作、行为或游戏时在一起的群体,尤指体育比赛的“队” , 搭配范围较窄。如: a study group
6、 学习小组; a discussion group 讨论小组 a basketball team 篮球队 a medical team 医疗队. group 指“人群”时,与 crowd同义。group 所指人数可多可少,但常指“较小”的人群, 且表示有组织有秩序的一群人;crowd有“密集” “拥挤”的含义,通常指未经组织、人数众多的人群。105 by oneself/ for oneself/ to oneself/ of oneself 这五个介词短语均属“介词+反身代词”结构,但意义各不相同:.by oneself“单独地;独立地” (=without help, alone).如:D
7、id you do this by yourself or did someone help you? 是你自己做的,还是别人帮你做的?. “本身;本身的性质”如: Diamond is hard in itself. 钻石本来是硬的。.for oneself “为自己(的利益而做某事) ;独自地(与 by oneself 同义) ”。如: He has built a house for himself. 他为自己建造了一幢房子。 You must find it out for yourself. 你必须自己把它找出来。.of oneself “自然而然地;自动地”为不及物动词。如: Th
8、e fire died of oneself. 火自己熄灭了。.to oneself“默默地” “暗自” ,常与 talk , say, think等动词连用。如; He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想这其中有毛病。注:say to oneself “在心里想 ”,talk/ speak to oneself“自言自语”两者不可混淆。106 by train/ on(in)a the train二者都有“乘车”之意。当使用介词 by表方式时,其后交通工具名词前不用冠词。或其它任何表限定的修饰词,如形容词性物主代词,批示代词等
9、。反之则用介词 in (较小的工具如 car等);on (较大的交通工具,如 train等)。如:on the bus, in his car.107 by/ at/ the end of ; in/to/ on the end. by the end of “在末以前” “到末为止”后一般接时间名词。如年、月、周等。也可接表活动的名词,如 strike. at the end of “在的尽头” , “在的末端”如: At the end of the book there is an index. 书后附有索引。 We shall have an exam at the end of th
10、e month. 本月末我们将有次考试。. in the end “最终;终于” ,后不接 of 短语。如:I hope everything will turn out all right in the end. 我希望最终一切都顺利。108 by/ near都有“靠近”的意思。.by“就在 旁边” ,表示距离更近。如: We have by the sea.(暗示我们可以看见大海) We live near the sea.(也许我们离海边还有几里远).near 表示的距离稍远些。见上例。109 by/ till.by“到 之前” “不迟于”仅指动作发生在限定时间之内或到某一时间为止。如:
11、Can you repair my watch by Friday? 你能在星期五之前把表修好吗?(句中时间最迟到星期五,动词可以是瞬间的,也可以是持续的).till/untill“直到”强调动作的持续状态,直到将来的某一时刻为止。如:I shall go on working till/untill next Monday. (此种情况只能用于肯定句中动词必须是延续的)当 untill与 not连用时,意为“直到 才” ,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性的。如:I dont go to bed untill/till you come.110 call on/ visit/ go to see/
12、drop in.四者都有“访问”的意思,但是 vist较为正式,可用于访问人,也可用于访问地方。如:I visited my aunt in Bejing in the summer holidays. 暑假我探望了在北京的姨妈。.call on 有时可代替 visit,但只限于人。访问某地方则用 call at。如:We called on Prefessor Liu a few days ago. 前几天我们拜访了刘教授。.go to see 为普通用语,一般用于人。如:Tom is ill. Lets go to see him after school.汤姆病了,我们放学后去看他吧。.drop in 特指顺路探访,多用于口语。如:Would you like to drop in and have a cup of tea? 你顺便来喝杯茶,好吗?