1、单元语法小专题（ Grammar Focus）语法精讲一、指示代词 this, these, that, those在这四个指示代词中，this 意为 “这”，these 意为“这些”，指离说话人较近的人或物；that 意为“那” ，those 意为 “那些 ”，指离说话人较远的人或物。例如：This is my brother. 这是我的哥哥。That is a blue cup. 那是一个蓝色的杯子。These are her parents. 这些是她的父母。Those are his friends. 那些是他的朋友。当 this 或 that 作主语时，be 动词要用单数形式is，后
2、面的名词也用单数形式；当 these 或 those 作主语时，be 动词要用复数形式，后面的名词也用复数形式。当回答含有 this 或 that 作主语的问句，且 this 或that 指物时，应用 it 代替句中的 this 或 that；当回答含有 these 或 those 作主语的问句时，应用 they 代替句中的 these 或 those。例如：Is that your pen? 那是你的钢笔吗？Yes, it is. 是的，它是。Are these his grandparents?这些是他的祖父母吗？No, they arent. 不，他们不是。【拓展】在电话用语中，常用 t
3、his 指代“我” ，用 that指代“你” 。如：Hello! This is Mary. Who is that? 喂！我是玛丽。你是哪位？二、单数句与复数句的转换单数句改为复数句是句型转换中的一个重要题型。将单数句改为复数句常遵循如下规则：1. 将单数句中的指示代词、人称代词、物主代词、名词及 be 动词等变为对应的复数形式，如 this these, that those, he/she/it they 等。例如：This/That is a pen. These/Those are pens.He is in China. They are in China.Im a girl. W
4、e are girls.2. 将单数句中的不定冠词 a, an 去掉( 某些固定搭配除外) 。例如：It is an orange. They are oranges. This is a pen. These are pens. 3. 单数句中的形容词、定冠词、副词、疑问词、介词等保持不变。例如：The pen is red. The pens are red. What color is the jacket? What color are the jackets?【提示】1. 作定语表示性别的单数名词在变成复数句时要变成复数形式；作定语表示性质的单数名词在变成复数句后仍用单数形式。例如：
5、His friend is a man teacher. His friends are men teachers. That is an orange tree. Those are orange trees.2. 表示单数的物主代词在变成复数句时可根据实际情况变化，有时可仍用单数，有时可改为相对应的复数形式。例如：This is his ruler. These are his/their rulers. She is my friend. They are my/our friends. 语法精练. 写出下列单词的复数形式。1. grandparent _ 2. friend _3. n
6、ame _ 4. am _5. family _ 6. that _7. key _ 8. it _9. her _ 10. school _. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。11. Are those your sisters? (作否定回答)No, _ _.12. Is that a cup? (作肯定回答)Yes, _ _.13. What is that? (改为复数句)What _ _?14. Theyre orange jackets. (改为单数句)_ _ orange jacket. 15. Are these your friends? (改为单数句)_ _ your fri
7、end? 16. She is a nice girl. (改为复数句)_ _ nice girls. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。17. 这些是他的父母。 _ _ his _.18. 那是你的朋友吗？_ _ your friend?19. 那些电话机是什么颜色的？What color _ the _?20. 她们是我的姐姐。_ are my _. 21. 那些是你的弟弟吗？ 是的，他们是。_ _ your _? Yes, _ _. 单元语法小专题（Grammar Focus）. 1. grandparents 2. friends 3. names 4. are 5. families 6. those 7. keys 8. they 9. their/them 10. schools . 11. they arent 12. it is 13. are those 14. Its an 15. Is this 16. They are . 17. These are; parents 18. Is that 19. are; telephones/phones 20. They; sisters 21. Are those; brothers; they are
