1、解析管板与壳体连接焊接接头结构热交换器产物中的固定式不带法兰的管板与壳体的衔接焊接接头是产物上的首要焊接接头，制作过程中焊接接头内部安排的缺点，如夹渣、气孔、未熔合、未焊透、裂纹以及安排粗大等，将影响焊接接头的机械功能，也影响产物运用的可靠性，给运用单位带来不必要的经济丢失，是个不行无视的疑问。经过对焊接接头功能影响要素的剖析和实验，调整相应的布局参数和焊接技能参数，避免焊接接头缺点的发作，进步接头机械功能，然后进步产物的运用寿命，削减丢失，节省了资料。Connection tube plate heat exchanger products without flange and shell
2、welding joint is the primary product of the welded joint, joint internal arrangement of the shortcomings of welding production process, such as slag, porosity, incomplete fusion, lack of penetration, crack and large, will affect the welded joint mechanical function, also affects the reliability of p
3、roduct use, to use the unit to bring unnecessary economic loss, is a can not ignore the question. After the welding joint function influence factor analysis and experiment, adjust the layout of the corresponding parameter http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ and welding technical parameters, to avoid the ons
4、et of weld defects, progressive joint mechanical function, then the progress of life, the product cut loss, save the data.1 疑问的提出Put forward 1 questions在产物出产过程中，焊接布局参数、焊接技能参数、焊接前的预备和操作办法等要素都会影响焊接接头的质量，在焊接时就要经过操控关联技能参数来操控焊接接头内部质量，尽可能进步焊接接头的机械功能。在许多技能要素中以布局参数和焊接技能参数对焊接接头质量影响最大，为此，坡口尺度改变对焊接接头质量的影响及焊接技能
5、参数对焊接接头质量的影响是本课题的首要内容。In the production process, the welding parameters, welding parameters, layout skills before welding preparation and operation methods and other factors will affect the quality of the welding joint, the welding will be after manipulation skills to control the welding parameters
6、associated with the internal quality of joints, as far as possible the progress of welded joints mechanical function. In many skill factors in layout parameters and welding parameters on the welding joint quality skills most affected, therefore, groove scale http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ effect on the
7、 quality of welded joint and the welding technical parameters influence on the quality of welding joint is the main contents of the project.经过研讨不一样尺度的坡口用一样焊接技能参数下焊成的接头在焊接接头安排、机械功能、焊接应力散布的改变；比拟对焊接接头质量影响最小的布局尺度，选出最优技能参数。Through the research of different scales of the groove joint welding technique par
8、ameters as welded in arrangement, welded joint mechanical function, the welding stress distribution change; compare layout scale minimal impact on the quality of welding joint, the optimum technical parameters.2 坡口尺度的断定Concluded that the 2 bevel scale产物的描绘坡口尺度如图1所示，其间，管板车边尺度为0.25,与壳体组对后坡口空隙为0.41，详细依
9、据不一样的板厚在国家规范中有清晰的规则。Product description groove scale as shown in Figure 1, in the meantime, the tube plate edge scale is 0.25 Delta, and the http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ shell group of groove gap of 0.4 delta 1, detailed on the basis of different thickness have clear rules in the national standard.本课
10、题依据中出产单位的实际情况， 和 1的取值如表1。依据表中的数据，按钢制压力容器规范的有关规则，能够别离计算出管板车边尺度和坡口空隙尺度。According to the actual situation of production units in the value of delta and delta 1, as shown in table 1. On the basis of the data in the table, according to the rules of “ steel pressure vessel “ standard, can calculate the tu
11、be car side parting scale and groove gap scale.在本次实验中，为了削减工作量，试件的坡口组对成巨细端，最大值取6mm，最小 值取1mm 。尽管 该值与国家规范的需求有收支，但契合焊接技能中确保焊接接头质量的有关需求，对实验成果的正确性影响不显着。In this experiment, in order to reduce the workload, try groove component on the size, the maximum 6mm, minimum 1mm. Although the value of payments and th
12、e national standard requirements, but in line with relevant requirements of welding joint quality ensure welding skills, correct influence on experimental results were not significant.http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 3 模仿实验与检测3 imitation experiment and detection为确保布局参数对焊接接头的安排、应力和机械功能等方面影响的实验成果精确，在焊接过程中，
13、需求焊接技能参数坚持不变。To ensure that the layout parameters on the experimental results of welding joint arrangement, stress and mechanical function of accurate, in the welding process, welding technical parameters constant demand.本实验的试件布局与产物实际运用的布局附近。对焊接接头的检测首要包含焊接接头热影响区应力值、机械功能测验和热影响区安排剖析。The experimental t
14、rial layout near a layout and product application. The testing of welded joints consist primarily of welding heat affected zone stress, mechanical function test and heat affected zone arrangement analysis.3.1应力测验The 3.1 stress test应力测验时采用了应力开释法。http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ Stress test with stress rel
15、ease method.经过焊接接头区或焊接热影响区某点处的应变量测验，计算出该点的应力值。用此法检测比拟简单，所需测验设备简洁。尽管数据不行精确，但同一试件测验的数据有比照性，对本课题来说彻底契合需求。After the welding joint or welding heat affected zone at a point that should be the test of variables, to calculate the stress of the point value. The detection of relatively simple, the required te
16、st equipment is simple. Although no precise data, but the same specimen test data contrast, on this subject completely meet the demand.测验时，为使焊接热影响区的应力相对精确且有比照性，实验时选焊接接头焊趾两边5mm 处平行于焊接接头中心线的直线上作为测验焊接应力的方位，并以5mm 的间隔为一测验点，两边两头各测6点。During the test, the welding heat affected zone of stress is relatively a
17、ccurate and contrastive experiments, when the election of weld toe parallel to the line on both sides of 5mm welded joint center line as the test welding stress range, and in the 5mm interval of a test point, both ends each measuring 6 points.http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 3.2机械功能测验3.2 mechanical funct
18、ion test应力测验后的试件用机械加工的办法加工成拉伸试样，测验其机械功能。Stress tests of the specimen by mechanical processing methods processed into tensile test specimens, test its mechanical function.4 数据剖析4 data analysis4.1测验点应力与焊接接头间隔的联系The 4.1 test points of contact stress and welding joint interval以上数据标明，离焊接接头不一样的间隔的各点间的应力是不
19、一样的。离熔合线越近，应力值越大；离熔合线越远，应力值越小。标明高温区更易发作较高的应力。The above data indicate that, from the point of welding stress interval between different joints are not the same. The more close to the fusion line, the stress value is bigger; the farther away from the fusion line, the stress value is small. Stress mark
20、 high temperature easy higher attack.http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 4.2坡口间隔对应力的影响4.2 effect of groove corresponds to force坡口间隔对应的影响也较为显着，从表中能够看出，坡口间隔越大，应力值也有显着的增大，最大空隙处应力值（为最小空隙处应力值的3.5倍左右）。从理论上剖析，坡口越大，需填充的金属越多，焊接时热效果时刻越长，温度也越高，因此发作更大的应力。Influence of groove spacing corresponding also is significant, as
21、 can be seen from the table, the groove spacing increases, increases the stress values have significant gaps, the maximum stress value ( about 3.5 times the stress value of the smallest gaps ). From the perspective of theoretical analysis, the groove is bigger, need more filler metal, welding heat e
22、ffect of longer time, temperature is higher, so the attack more stress.4.3坡口间隔对机械功能的影响Effects of 4.3 groove spacing on mechanical function能够看出，坡口间隔对机械功能的影响较小，但坡口间隔对缺点有较大的影响。两个试样都做了微观金相查看，坡口间隔越小，未焊透缺点倾向添加。所以，坡口间隔间接http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 地影响了焊接接头的强度，下降疲劳强度。Can be seen, the groove spacing has litt
23、le effect on the mechanical function, but the groove spacing have great influence on. Two specimens do metallographic view, groove interval is small, incomplete penetration defects tend to add. So, groove compartment ground affects the strength of welded joints, fatigue strength decreased.5 金相剖析5 me
24、tallographic analysis在相应的最大坡口端和最小坡口端，别离取试样进行金相剖析，比照母材金相，安排改变区别很小。可见，因所用资料为一般碳素布局钢（管板和筒体资料都选用了Q235-B），这类资料的安排在加热时，长大倾向并不显着。能够以为，坡口间隔对焊接接头及热影响区金属安排的影响是不大的。或者说，因焊接接头及热影响区金属安排所导致的焊接接头失效表象的要素要比焊接缺点和应力改变所发作的影响小得多。In the corresponding maximum and minimum groove end beveled end, separation of metallographic
25、 analysis of sample, according to the parent material metallographic, schedule http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ changes very little difference. Visible, because the data for ordinary carbon structural steel ( tube plate and tube materials are selected Q235-B ), this kind of data arranged in the heating,
26、the growth trend is not significant. Can think, groove spacing on welded joint and heat affected zone metal arrangement is not. Or, because of the failure of welded joint elements lead to the representation of joint and heat affected zone metal welding to influence the arrangement attack force chang
27、e is much smaller than the weld defects and should be.6 定论6 Conclusion经过以上剖析，形成管板与壳体衔接焊接接头失效的重要要素中，坡口尺度巨细是其间之一。由于坡口尺度巨细对焊接接头内部缺点的发作及热影响区的焊接剩余应力巨细有着严重的影响，坡口越大，焊接缺点发作的可能性添加，焊接剩余应力添加。在焊接实践中，能够经过挑选适宜的坡口尺度，配以合理的焊接技能参数，尽可能下降焊接接头及热影响区的焊接剩余应力，则能够削减此类失效表象的发作，然后减小出产中的经济丢失。Through the above analysis, the forma
28、tion of tube plate and shell elements connecting welding joint failure, groove scale http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ size is one of them. Due to the size of weld joint groove scale attack internal faults and the heat affected zone of the welding residual stress size has serious influence, the greater po
29、ssibility of groove, welding defects attack add, add welding residual stress. Welding in practice, to select appropriate groove scale, with reasonable welding technical parameters, as far as possible to decrease weld and heat affected zone of the welded residual stress, is able to attack such reduction of failure surface, and then reduce the production economic loss.
