1、第 1 页 共 3 页 Unit one Advertising 解题技巧指导短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一通篇阅读语篇,整体把握短文意思,始终以理解为主线,以上下文为依据找出句中的错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其正确与否，错误何在，故必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句或者对该行作出判断。二以句为单位，找行中错误，开始答题时要把每一行都看成有错来判断（错词、多词、缺词） ，而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。具体解题过程中，应该注意把握下列几个方面的一致问题：一)时态一致对时态的考查是历年高考短文改错题必考的考点之一,一般为一到两题.主要检查考生是否具有判断短
2、文中谓语动词的时态与上下文、特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致的能力。例 1 I remembered her words and calm down.(NMET00)根据上文中的 remembered 得知 时间是在过去，所以 calm 的时态应与上文保持一致，应该改为 calmed。例 2Time passes quickly. Evening came. (NMET03)通篇的时态是过去时，所以应把 passes改为 passed. 二)主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。例 1Now my picture and the prize is hanging in
3、 the library.(NMET00)my picture and the prize是 复数 ，其谓语也应该用复数。这里的 is 应改为 are。例 2Their word were a great encouragement to me.(NMET03)此句的主语 word 与谓语明显不一致，应将 word 改为 words. 此题也是由谓语反过来判断主语，是不是现在出题的一种趋向，笔者不敢妄下结论 。 三)平行一致not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor，not but以及 and, but, or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行
4、结构中，词性、时态、短语等形式须保持前后一致。例 1. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (NMET02)依据平行一致原则，此处非谓语动词 visiting 应与前后文的 fed ,told 保持一致，改为 visited. 例 2I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (NMET03) 此句中的 should 应删除，并列连词 and 前后的形态应该一样，与前文 follow
5、ed 保持时态上的平行一致。put 过去式和原形一样。例 3I liked it very much and reads it to the class.(NMET03)此句 and 前后应一致,read 和like 的时态是一样的，应改为 read四)数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致例 1On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(NMET02)由上下文得知拍了许多照片应该用 take pictures ，应把 picture 改为 pictures.例 2She said th
6、at she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(NEMT00)my schoolmate 应该不止一个。所以要把 schoolmate 改为 schoolmates. 第 2 页 共 3 页 五)修饰语与中心词的一致句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。例 1so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001)all 修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject 该为 subjects。例 2What things are in other homes, I wonder.(N
7、MET01) 这里应该找一个词作状语，修饰整个句子，意为“我想知道其他家庭是怎样的？”此时应 找副词 How 才可保持一致。六) 代词数、性、格的一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、性、格上与上下文保持一致。例 1The three of them were arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NEMT02) 此短文以第一人称叙述，三个人指 my parents and I, 所以不应该用 them 而要用 us.例 2It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NMET02)这里考查限
8、制性定语从句。先行词 noon 在从句中作时间状语， 应加 when 指代上文的noon .七)语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。例 1Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT94)与其主语 Books 相对应，此处应为被动语态，故 keep 应改 为 kept。 例 2 . My father has little time for films .But one day as he was finished his work, he found a film ticket under the glass on the desk. F
9、ather 与 finish 之间是主动关系。应把 was 去掉。 八)搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。例 1 I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET 00) 后跟从句，保持一致须用 sothat结构这一固定搭配。as 改 为 that. 例 2 . My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (NMET03) keep a diary 是固定搭配， 应把改为 a。例 3Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was lear
10、ning to express me in simple English.(NMET03)enjoy doingexpress oneself 是固定搭配。应把 talk 改为 talking; me 改为 myself 以上为正面考固定搭配，有时考题恰恰利用我们对固定搭配的思维定势来扰乱我们的思路，反面考固定搭配。如：例 4.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(NMET02)at the moment 为固定搭配，学生误认为是正确的，其实 the moment 是名词短语引导的
11、状语从句。所以要把 at 去掉。同理：We may be one family and live under the same roof ,but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together(MENT01) 应把 about 去掉。The time passed quickly .Evening came down.把 down 去掉。九)逻辑一致这是一种隐蔽性较强且常考的考点之一，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与 go 等。例 1She was smiling but noddin
12、g at me.(NMET00)第 3 页 共 3 页 上下文看，应为 She-my English teacher 微笑且点头鼓励 我，but 应为 and。例 2I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English(NMET03)从上文可知, 我总是用汉语思考再把一切译成英语。所以应把 anything 改为 everything.总之，只要同学们掌握解题技巧，认清以上九个一致.短文改错将会和其它题型一样可以取得优异的成绩。下面就让我们来实战一下：Today is No Tobacco Day. I
13、 hoped that smokers will give up 1. _smoking from now on. Smoking cigarette can lead to heart 2. _disease, cancer and the other health problems. As we know now, 3. _it does great harm only to smokers themselves, but to those 4. _who doesnt smoke. It is reported that at least three hundred and 5. _tw
14、enty thousand Americans killed by smoking each year. 6. _And about 40 million of Americans continue to smoke cigarettes today. 7. _Fortunately, more and more people have come to realize the dangerous 8. _of smoking and begin to stop it. As a student, you shouldnt form 9. _such a bad habit. Do make your mind to stop smoking if you have 10. _started smoking.
