1、welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New Content design, 10 years experience,What Analytical Chemists Do? 分析化学家做什么？,分析化学是研究物质的化学特征并能回答两个重要问题：是什么（定性）以及有多少（定量）。,Analytical chemistry is concerned with the chemical characterization of matter and the answers to two important questions: what is it (
2、qualitative) and how much is it (quantitative).,我们所使用和消耗的一切都是由化学物质组成的，所以日常生活中了解物质的化学成分是非常重要的。,Chemicals make up everything we use or consume, and knowledge of the chemical composition of many substances is important in our daily lives.,分析化学几乎在化学的各个领域都起着至关重要的作用，比如，农业、临床、环境、法医、制造业、冶金以及药物化学。,Analytical
3、 chemistry plays an important role in nearly all aspects of chemistry , for example, agricultural, clinical, environmental,forensic, manufacturing,metallurgical,and pharmaceutical chemistry.,化学肥料中氮的含量决定了其价值。,The nitrogen content of a fertilizer determines its value.,对食物而言，必须分析其中的污染物（比如杀虫剂残留）和必要的营养成分
4、（如维生素含量）。,Foods must be analyzed for contaminants (e.g pesticide residues) and for essential nutrients (e.g vitamin content).,对城市空气而言，必须分析其中的一氧化碳含量。,The air in cities must be analyzed for carbon monoxide.,糖尿病患者检测血糖（事实上，大多数疾病都是化学分析来诊断的）。,Blood glucose must be monitored in diabetics (and, in fact, mos
5、t diseases; are diagnosed by chemical analysis).,谋杀嫌疑犯手上火药中痕量元素的存在可以证明手枪是开过火的。,The presence of trace elements from gun powder on a murder defendants hand will prove a gun was fired.,出厂产品的质量取决于合适的化学成分比例，因此对组分的测定时质量控制中必不可少的一个环节。,The quality of manufactured proudcts often depends on proper chemical pro
6、portions , and measurement of the constituents is a necessary part of quality control .,钢铁中碳的含量决定其质量，药物的纯度将决定其药效。,The carbon content of steel will determine its quality. The purity of drugs will determine their efficacy.,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New Content design, 10 years experie
7、nce,What is analytical science 什么是分析科学？,通过以上描述可以对分析化学这门学科有大致的了解。,The above description of analytical chemistry provides an overview of the discipline of analytical chemistry .,为更加明确地定义这门学科，人们也有过多种尝试。,There have been various attempts to more specifically define the discipline.,已故的Charles N. Reilley曾说
8、过：“分析化学家从事的工作就是分析化学”。,The late Charles N. Reilley said : “Analytical chemistry is what analytical chemists do.”,这门学科的发展已跨越了纯化学的界限，许多人已提倡使用“分析科学”来描述该领域。,The discipline has expanded beyond the bounds of just chemistry , and many have advocated using the name analytical science to describe the field.,在
9、名为“分析科学的课程发展”的工作组所做的国家科学基金报告中已使用这一名词。,This term is used in a National Sciences Foundation report from workshops on “Curricular Developments in the Analytical Sciences.”,但是该名词忽视了仪器发展和应用的工作。,Even this term falls short of recognition of the role of instrumentation development and application.,有人建议使用“分析
10、科学和技术”这一名词。,One suggestion is that we use the term analytical science and technology .,欧洲化学联盟曾举行了一次会议来定义分析化学，K. Cammann所提出的如下建议被采纳：,The Federation of European Chemical Societies held a contest to define analytical chemistry, and the following suggestion by K. Cammann was selected.,分析化学提供了洞察物质世界所需要的方
11、法和工具，它回答了关于某一物质样品的四个基本问题：,Analytical chemistry provides the methods and tools needed for insight into our material worldfor answering four basic questions about a material sample.,是什么？ 在哪里？ 有多少？ 是何种排列、结构或形态？,What? Where? How much? What arrangement, structure or form ?,美国化学协会的“分析化学分类”为分析化学提供了一个全面的定义，
12、可以在其网站查到。,The Division of Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society provides a comprehensive definition of analytical chemistry, which may be found on their website.,此处摘录部分内容： 分析化学探索不断改进的方法，用以检测天然和人造材料的化学组成。,It is reproduced in most part here. Analytical chemistry seeks ever improved mea
13、ns of measuring the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials.,The techniques of this science are used to identify the substance which may be present in a material and to determine the exact amounts of the identified substance,此种科学的技术手段用来鉴别可能存在于一种材料中的物质以及测定给定物质的准确含量。,Analytical chemis
14、ts work to improve the reliability of existing techniques to meet the demands for better chemical measurements which arise constantly in our society.,分析化学家致力于提高已有技术的可靠性以更好地满 足社会中频繁出现的化学检测的需求。,They adopt proven methodologies to new kinds of materials or to answer new questions about their composition
15、 and their reactivity mechanisms.,他们将以证实的方法学应用于新型材料，或回答关于其组成及反应机制的新问题。,They carry out research to discover completely new principles of measurement and are at the forefront of the utilization of majir discoveries, such as lasers and microchip devices for practical purposes.,他们开展研究，探索全新的检测原理，站在了将激光 和
16、微芯片等重大发现应用于实际用途的最前沿。,Their efforts serve the needs of many fields: In medicine,analytical chemistry is the basis for clinical laboratory tests which help physicians diagnose disease and chart progress in recovery.,他们的努力满足了许多领域的需求。 医药领域中，分析化学是临床实验室检测的基础，此类检测可以帮助医生诊断疾病，绘制康复过程图。,In industry, analytical
17、 chemistry provides the means of testing raw materials and for assuring the quality of finished products whose chemical composition is critical.,工业领域中，分析化学提供原料的检测手段，保证对化学成分要求严格的最终产品的质量。,Many household products，fuels， paints，pharmaceuticals，etc. are analyzed by the procedures developed by analytical
18、chemists before being sold to the consumer.,许多家庭用品、燃料、涂料、药品等在出售给消费者前就已经被由分析化学家建立的方法分析检测。,Environmental quality is often evaluated by testing for suspected contaminants using the techniques of analytical chemistry.,环境质量经常通过采用分析化学技术检测疑似污染物的方法得到评价。,The nutritional value of food is determined by chemica
19、l analysis for major components such as protein and carbohydrates and trace components such as vitamins and minerals.,食品的营养价值是通过对其中蛋白质、碳水化合物等主要成分以及维生素、矿物质等微量成分的化学分析而得以确定。,Indeed, even the calories in a food are often calculated from its chemical analysis.,实际上，甚至食物的热量也经常通过化学分析的方法来计算的。,Analytical chemists also make important contributions to fields as diverse as forensics, archaeology, and space science.,分析化学在法医学、考古学和太空科学等多个领域也作出了重要贡献。,Thank you!,
