1、 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家01+1 教育 英语 老师个性化教案教师 蒋杭 学生姓名 上课日期学科 英语 年级 教材版本 人教版类型 知识讲解： 考题讲解: 学生课时统计 第（ ）课时共（ ）课时学案主题 虚拟语气讲解 班主任 授课时段教学内容 虚拟语气讲解教学目标 1. 知识与技能2. 过程与方法3. 情感态度与价值观教学重点、难点学生活动 教师活动教学过程虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句（常用形式主语 it 来代替，结构为 It is that）中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等的形容词和过去分词，其形式为：
2、（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：appropriate，advisable，better ，desirable，essential，imperative，important，insistent，natural ，necessary ，preferable ，strange，urgent ，vital等。过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。例如：It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts.
3、It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, recommendation, desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, requ
4、est, idea 等。例如：He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家1下令热情款待这些客人。His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的动词有：ask (要求), advise, determine, decide, command, i
5、nsist, intend, move, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire, direct 等。 例如：He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. 他要求推迟那个会议。They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。2）在以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式
6、为：（should）+ 动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting. 我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。3）wish 后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。其主要形式有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟 wish + 主语 + 动词过去式（be 用 were）表示对过去情况的虚拟 wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟 wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形例如：I
7、wish I knew what was going to happen. 但愿我能知道要发生什么事。She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔当时不在家。I wish I were rich. 我巴不得我很有钱。注意：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用下列形式：wish + 主语 + would（could ）+ have + 过去分词I wish I could have seen her last night. 要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。4. if 条件句中的虚拟语气形式1）if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中
8、的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。在 if 非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：从句 主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be 用 were）would（should，could，might） + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词should（would，could, might）+ have + 过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式（should+ 动词原形，were to + 动词原形）should（would，could，might）+ 动词原形中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家2例如：If there were no gravity, we should not be
9、 able to walk. 假如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。I wouldnt have known what these were for if I hadnt been told. 假如别人不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去，而将 were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面倒装处理。如果句中没有 were, had 或 should 时，既不能省略 if，也不能倒装。例如：Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to meet him tomorrow)
10、, I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。3）时间错综条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 我要是你，
11、就采纳他的建议了。 （从句指现在，主句指过去）If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better. 如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。 （从句指过去，主句指现在）5. 含蓄虚拟条件句1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。例如：Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we
12、could not have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他当时正在开会，否则的话他就来帮我们了。He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the p
13、arty. 他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用 should/would be 形式和 should/would have been 虚拟形式。例如：Any men in his position would have done like that. 任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。You should (ought to) have come earlier. 你本应早点来的。6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气1）在 would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might
14、as well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也要用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家3愿、但愿” 。其形式为：“would rather (would sooner) + 主语 + 谓语动词过去式” 表示现在或将来的情况。“would rather (would sooner) + 主语 + 动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如：Id rather he didnt go now. 要是他现在不走就好了。Id just as soon you had been here yesterday. 要是你昨天在这里就好了。2）在句型 “It is (h
15、igh/ about) time” 后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should) + 动词原形” ，意为 “该是的时候了” 。例如：It is time that the boy (should) go to school. 这个小孩该上学了。It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。3）在 “if only” 引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或 “would/could + 动词原形” 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：If only yo
16、u would listen to our advice. 要是你听我们的建议就好了。If only I had not been busy last week! 要是上周我不忙该多好啊！注：if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。4）连接词 “in case, lest, for fear that” 可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形” 。lest, for
17、 fear that 后接从句中的 should 可以省去，in case 连接从句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。例如：He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/might) disturb you. 我不会做声的，以免打扰你。 Care must be taken in using this meth
18、od lest overflow (should) occur. 在使用这一方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。一、动词的时态和语态（Tenses and Voices of Verbs）动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有 16种时态：一般 进行 完成 完成进行现在 am, is , are, do, does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家4但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来
19、时和现在完成进行时。常用的时态只有八种。1一般现在时1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。3) 有时该时态可表示按计划、规定要发生的动作，句中都带有时间状语，但限于少数动词如 begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。例如 ：He goes to school every day. If you come this afternoon, well h
20、ave a meeting.2一般过去时l) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。 2) 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to”和“would +动词原形” 。注意：used to 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“be used to + 名词或动名词”表示“习惯于” 。例如：He worked in a factory in 1986.I used to smoke when I was a college freshman. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“will 或 shall+动词原形”外，还有以下几
21、种形式。l) “be going to+动词原形” ，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如：We are going to have a meeting today2) go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作；有时用一般现在时也可表示将来。例如：Im leaving for .3) “be to+动词原形 ”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如： The boy is to go to school tomorrow将来 will/shall do will/shall be doing will/s
22、hall have done will/shall have been doing过去 was, were, did, v-ed was/were doing had done had been doing过去将来would/should do would/should be doingwould/should have donewould/should have been doing中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家54) “ be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作。例如：We are about to leave4现在进行时1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be
23、+现在分词”构成，另外“系动词+介词或副词 ”也表示进行时的意义。例如：What are you doing?The bridge is under construction2) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词如 have, be, hear, see, like 等词一般不用进行时。5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“was/were+现在分词”构成。例如:He was reading a novel when I came in6. 现在完成时现在完成时由“have 十过去分词”构成。其使用有以下情况：1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在
24、有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。例如：He has gone to . (说话人认为他不在该地) He has been to . (说话人认为他在该地)2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用 for 或 since 表示一段时间的状语或 so far, now, today, this week/month/year 等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。例如:He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 come, go, die, mar
25、ry, buy 等的完成时不能与 for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用。3) 现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework7过去完成时l) 过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用 by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。例如：By the end of last year we had built five new houses.2) 过去完成时的动词还可表示过
26、去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8. 过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should/would+动词原形”构成。第一人称用 should，其他人称用 would。例如：They were sure that they would succeed.9. 现在完成进行时中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家6现在完成进行时由“have(has)+ been+现在分词”构成，表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词，如 work,
27、study, live, teach 等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。例如：I have worked here for three yearsI have been working here for three years.但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思。例如：I have written a letter. (已写完)I have been writing a letter. (还在写)注意：表示短暂动作的动词，如 finish, marry, get up, come, go 等不能用这种时态。 动词的语态l. 概念与构成：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 ,谓语的形式用主
28、动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词“be+过去分词 ”构成，时态通过 be 表现出来。如下表所述：时态 谓语动词的被动式 例句一般现在时 am/is/are + done/v-ed You are required to do this.一般过去时 was/were + done /v-ed The story was told by her.一般将来时 will/shall be + done/v-ed The problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时 am/is/are + being+ done/v-ed Th
29、e road is being widened.过去进行时 was/were + being +done/v-ed The new tool was being made.现在完成时 has/have + been +done/v-ed The novel has been read.过去完成时 had + been + done/v-ed He said that the work had been finished.过去将来时 would/should + be done He said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特殊的被动结构：1
30、) 短语动词的被动结构：用于这类被动结构的短语动词要作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单字及物动词。例如：The baby is looked after carefully.2) 有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思: 具有及物意义的不及物动词的被动意义在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动词有 sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut 等等。例如：The book s
31、ells well. 这本书很畅销。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家7Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错。This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用。 动名词主动形式表示被动意义通常是物作 want, need, require 等动词的主语时（也可以是人）表示事物（或人）客观上需要，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。例如：The classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫。这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后也可表同样意义。例如：The classroom
32、wants to be cleaned.中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家8课后作业1. If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 3. Mr Green requires that the
33、students _ a composition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 6.It is important
34、that you _ sports every day. A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I
35、knew D. If had I known 9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay
36、 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A. Was I B. Were I C. If I am D. If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A. mean to come B. meant to come C. had meant to come D. meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. that s
37、he not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood 15. If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. hadnt watched C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watchedKey: 1-5 CCADC 6-10 ABADA 11-15 BCDDB 16-20 BCBCB 21-25 BDDAA 26-30 ABBAD 学生成长记录 本节课教学计划完成情况：照常完成 提前完成 延后完成 _中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家9学生的接受程度： 5 4 3 2 1 _学生的课堂表现：很积极 比较积极 一般积极 不积极 _学生上次作业完成情况： 优 良 中 差 存在问题 _签字时间 教务主任签字
