1、11. 常见前缀序号 类别 小类 前缀 例示a-, an- asymmetry, anhydrousdis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n- none, neither, nevernon- nonsenseneg- neglect纯否定un- unable, unemploymentmale-, mal- malfunction, maladjustmentmis- mistake, mi
2、slead错误意义pseudo- pseudonym, pseudosciencede- defend, demodulationdis- disarm, disconnect反动作意义un- unload, uncoveranti-, ant- antiknock, antiforeigncontra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflowcounter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op- object, oppose, occupy1 否定相反、相互对立with- withd
3、raw, withstand在之上，向a- aboard, aside附近，邻近，边侧by- bypath, bypassHe bypassed his colleagues on the board and went ahead with the deal.周围，环绕，回转circum-, circu- circumstance, circuit, circum-Pacific island arccircum-Pacific volcanic belt在下，向下 de- descend, degrade, dethrone, deport, deduce, derail, delete,
4、depart, decamp, decode, deforest, decolonize, devaluation在内，进入 en-, encage, enbed外部，外 ex-, ec-, es- exit, eclipse, expand, export额外 extra-, extraction在前面 fore- forehead, foreground2 空间位置，方向关系(用于 b,m,p 之前), ir-, 表示in-, il-, im- inland, invade, inside, import2“向内，在内，背于”在间，相互inter-, intel-, internation
5、al, interaction, internet向内，在内，内侧intro-, introduce, introduce中，中间 medi-, med-, mid- Mediterranean, midposition在上面，在外部，在外out-, outline, outside, outward在上面，在外部，向上over-, overlook, overhead, overboard向后，在后边，次post-, postscript在前、在前面 pre- prefix, preface, preposition在前，向前 pro- progress, proceed在下面，下 sub-
6、, suc-, suf-, sung-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement在之上 super-, sur- superficial, surface, superstructure移上，转上，在那一边trans- translate, transform, transoceanic在下面，下的under- underline, underground, underwater向上，向上面，在上up- upward, uphold, uphill先前，早于，预先ante-, anti- ant
7、ecedent, anticipate先，故，旧 ex- expresident, exhusband在前面，先前，前面fore- forward, forecast, foretell中，中间 mid-, medi- midnight, midsummer在后，后 post- postwar在前，事先，预先pre-, pri- preheat, prewar, prehistory在前，先，前 pro- prologue，prophet3 时间，序列关系再一次，重新 re- retell, rewrite副，次要的 by- byproduct, bywork超越，额外 extra- extr
8、aordinary超过，极度 hyper- hypersonic, hypertension超过，过分 out- outdo, outbid超过，过度，太over- overeat, overdress, oversleep4 比较程度差别关系低，次，副， sub-, suc-, sur- subeditor, subordinate, subtropical3亚超过 super-, sur- supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass低劣，低下 under- undersize, undergrown, underproduction副，次 vice-
9、 vicepresident, vicechairman共同，一起 com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate5 共同，相等意思 同，共，和，类syn-, syl-,sym- symmetry, sympathy, synthesis完整，完全 al- alone, almost, overall完全，全 over- overall, overflow6 整个完全意思 全，总，万 pan- Panentheism, panorama分离，离开 a-， ab-, abs- aw
10、ay, apart, abstract, abstain离去，处去 de- depart, decolour分离，离开 dis-, di-, dif- divorce, disarm离开，分离 ex-, e- expel, exclude, expatriate离开，脱离 for- forget, forgive离开 re- release, resolve7 分离，离开意思分离，隔离 se- separate, seduce, select通过，横过 dia- diameter, diagram通，总，遍 per-, pel- perfect, perform, pervade8 通过，遍及
11、横过，贯通 trans- transparent, transmit, transport强化 a- arouse, ashamed9 加强加强 ad- adjoin, adherebe-, en- befriend, enslave, enable, enrich10 变换词类作用的前缀ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign单一、一 mon-, mono- monotone, mon
12、opoly, monarch单调 uni-, un- uniform, unicellular二，两，双 ambi-, bi-, bin-, di-, twi-ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilight三 tri- tripod, tricycle十，十分之一 deca, deco-, dec-, deci-decade, decimal百，百分之一 hecto-, hect-, centi-hectometer, centimeter, centipede千，千分之一 kilo- kilometer11 数量关系万，万分之一 myria-,
13、myri-, mega-, meg-, micro-myriametre, megabyte, microvolt4许多，复，多数poly-, multi- polysyllable, multipmetre半，一半 hemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-hemisphere, demiofficial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula首位，第一的，主要的arch- architect, archbishop自己，独立，自动auto- automobile, autobiography善，福 bene- benefi
14、t优，美好 eu- eugenics, euphemism恶，不良 male-, mal- maltreatment, malodor大，宏大 macro- macroscopic大 magni- magnificent12 特殊意义微 micro- microscope听，声 aud- audience生命，生物 bio- biography地球，大地 geo- Geography, geology, geometry, geopolitics, geochemistry, geophysics声，音调 phon- phonograph13 术语远 tele- television, tel
15、ephone, telescope, telemeter2. 常见后缀常见后缀序号 类别 小类 前缀 例示-an, -ian American, historian-al principal-ant,-ent merchant, agent, servant, student-ar scholar, liar, peddler-ard, -art coward, laggard, braggart-arian humanitarian, vegetarian-ary secretary, missionary-ate candidate, graduate-ator educator, spe
16、culator-crat democrat, bureaucrat-ee employee, examinee-eer engineer , volunteer-er banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese Japanese, Cantonese-ess actress, hostess, manageress-eur amateur, litterateur1 名词后缀具有某种职业或动作的人-ian Christian, physician, musician5-ician electrician, magician, technician-icis
17、t physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic mechanic, critic-ie dearie, auntie, lassie-ier cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, ina heroine, ballerina-ist pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive native, captive-logist biologist, geologist-or author, doctor, operator-ster youngster, gamester, songst
18、er-acy accuracy, diplomacy-age courage, storage, marriage-al refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval; manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency frequency, urgency, efficiency,-bility possibility, feasibility-craft woodcraf
19、t, handicraft, statecraft-cracy bureaucracy, democracy-cy bankruptcy , supremacy-dom freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety variety, dubiety-faction,-facturesatisfaction, manufacture-hood childhood, manhood, falsehood-ice notice, justice, service-ine medicine, discipline, fa
20、mine-ing building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-ise exercise, merchandise-ism socialism, criticism ; colloquialism, heroism-ity purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment treatment, movement, judgment, punishment,
21、argument-mony ceremony, testimony-ness goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendlinessor, -our favor, error-osity curiosity-ship hardship, membership, friendship名词后缀构成，具有抽象名词的含义-th depth, wealth, truth, length, growth6-tude latitude, altitude-ure exposure, pressure, failure, procedure-y glory, history,
22、victory, inquiryage village, cottage-ary library, granary-ery, ry laundry, nursery, surgery带有场所，地方的含义-ory factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory-grapy biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, ics logic, mechanics, optics, electronics-ology biology, zoology, technology-nomy astronomy, economy, bion
23、omy-ery chemistry, cookery, machinery带有学术，科技含义-y photography, philosophy-age baggage, tonnage-dom newspaperdom-hood neighbourhood, womanhood-ery cavalry, ministry表示人和事物的总和，集合含义-ure legislature, judicature-ant, ent solvent, constant-al signal, pictorial-ar collar, pillar- er boiler, computer ,washer,
24、 cooker-ery drapery-ing clothing, matting表示物品和物质名称的含义-ment instrument, equipment , attachment-cle particle-cule molecule-el parcel-en chicken, maiden-et pocket, ticket-etta, -ette, etto,cigarette, essayette-kin napkin-y baby, doggy-ling duckling名词后缀表示“细小”的含义-let booklet带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义-able, -ible mo
25、vable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-al natural, additional, educational-an urban, suburban, republican2 形容词后缀-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent7-ar similar, popular, regular-ary military, voluntary-ic ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical-ine masculine, feminine, marin
26、e-ing moving, touching, daring-ish foolish, bookish, selfish-ive active, impressive, decisive-ory satisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eel fragile, genteel-ish boyish, childish-esque picturesque-like manlike, childlike-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-some troublesome, handsome表示“相象，类似”的含义-y m
27、ilky, pasty-ful beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ous dangerous, generous, courageous, various表示“充分的”含义 -ent violent-en wooden, golden, woolen-ous gaseous表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义-fic scientific-ern eastern, western表示方向的含义 -ward downward, forward-ble double, trebleple triple表示“倍数”的含义 -fold twofold, t
28、enfold-teen thirteen-ty fifty表示“数量关系”的含义 -th fourth, fiftieth-an Roman, European-ese Chinese表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义 -ish English, Spanish-er greater-ish reddish, yellowish-est highest表示“比较程度”的含义-most foremost, topmost表示否定 -less countless, stainless, wireless表示“做成，变成，化-ize, ise modernize, mechanize, democratiz
29、e, organize3 动词后缀表示“使 -en quicken, weaken, soften, harden8成为，引起，使有表示“使化, 使成-fy beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify表示“使，令”-ish finish, abolish, diminish, establish表示“成为，处理，作用”-ate separate, operate, indicate-ly possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards downward, inwards, upward-ways always, sideways4 副词后缀-wise otherwise, clockwise
