1、志存高远 天下为先1常用前后缀*前 缀 *a?，an?无，不，非 astable 不稳定的 acentric 无中心的含有 in,on,at,by,with,to 等意义 asleep 在熟睡中 ahead 向前ab? 脱离 abnormal 不正常的 abaxial 离开轴心的anti? 反抗 antiwar 反战的 anti?imperialist 反帝的auto? 自动，自己 autobiography 自传 autostable自动稳定be? 使 加强 belittle 使缩小 befriend 友好相待bi? 二，双 biweekly 双周刊 biligual 两种语言的co,col
2、,com,con,cor 共同 cooperation 协作 collaboration 协作，勾结 combine 联合,correlation 相互关系counter?,contra? 反，对应 counteraction 反作用 contrast 对比 ,对照di?,dif?,dis? 否定，相反 diffident 不自信的 dislike不喜欢en,em? 使 enlarge 扩大 enable 使能 empower使有权力e?,ex? 外，出 external 外部的 erupt 喷出extra? 以外，超过 extraordinary 格外的 extrasolar太阳系以外的hy
3、per? 在上，超 hyperfrequency 超高频 hypersonic 超声的il?,im?,in?,ir? 否定 illogical 不合逻辑的 impossible不可能的 invisible不可见 irrational 不合理的inter? 互相 interchange 交换 interlock 连锁intra?,intro? 在内，内部 intrapersonal 个人内心的 introspect 内省mal? 恶，不良 maltreat 虐待 malfunction 机能失常micro? 微 microscrope 显微镜 microware 微波mid? 中，中间 mid?
4、air 半空中 midstream 中流mini? 小 minibus 小公共汽车 ministate 小国mis? 错，坏 mistake 错误 misspell 拼错multi? 多 multiparty 多党的 multilingual 多种语言的non? 否定 nonsmoker 不抽烟的人 nonexistent 不存在的out? 超过，过度，外，出，除去outgo 走得比远 outgrow 长得太大 outdoor 户外的 outroot 除根over? 上，过度 overwork 工作过度 overbridge 天桥post? 后 postwar 战后 postnatal 诞生后
5、的pre? 前，领先 prewar 战前的 prefix 前缀re? 回，再 return 返回 restart 重新开始semi? 半 semicircle 半圆 semiconductor 半导体sub?,suc?,suf?,sup? 次，亚，在下，低于substandard 低于标准规格的 succeed 继承 suffix 后缀 supplement 增补trans 转换，变换，横过，越过 transmit 传送 transatlantic 横渡大西洋的tri? 三 tricar 三轮车 triangle 三角( 形)un? 否定 unstable 不稳定的 unknown 未知的un
6、der 下，内(指衣服)，不足 underground 地下的 underskirt 衬裙 underpay 付资不足uni? 单一 uniform 均匀的 unipolar 单极的*后 缀*able,?ible 可的，能的 readable 可读的 sensible可觉察的age 表状态，性质，行为 breakage 破损 shortage 缺志存高远 天下为先2乏al (adj?)具有 性质的，如 的 personal 个人的 regional 地区的al (n?)表动作，人，事物 proposal 提案 professional专业人员ance,?ence 表状态，行为，性质 impor
7、tance 重要性 confidence 自信ancy,?ency 表状态，行为，性质 constancy 一惯性 urgency 紧迫性ant,?ent 表人，物，行为 applicant 申请人 correspondent 通信者arian 表各种年龄，派别，主义，职业的人humanitarian 人道主义的 utilitarian 功利主义者crat 支持，参与者 democrat 民主人士 bureaucrat官僚dom 表性质，状态，行为 freedom 自由 wisdom 智慧ee 表动物的承受者 employee 雇员 trainee 受训练的人eer 从事 的人 pioneer
8、 开拓者 volunteer 志愿者en (v?)使变成 harden 使硬 shorten 使短en (adj?)有质的，似的 golden 金色的 woolen毛的er,?or 表人，物 singer 歌唱家 survivor 幸存者ery 表状态，性质，行为，活动地点 nursery 托儿所 robbery 掠夺 slavery 奴隶身份ese 某国(地)的，某国(地) 的人及语言 Chinese 中国人(汉语) Portuguese 葡萄牙人(语)ess 表女性，雌性 hostess 女主人 actress 女演员ful 充满的，具有 性质的 cupful 一满杯 fearful 可怕
9、的hood 表身份，状况，性质 neighborhood 邻里 manhood 男子气概ic,?ical 类似的，具有的 heroic 英雄般的 logical合逻辑的ify 使成 ，使化 magnify 放大 purify 提纯ion,?tion 表情况，状态，性质，行为 fashion 时髦 decision 决定ish 似 的，有的 selfish 自私的 childish 儿童般的ism 表示 主义，行为，学，派 realism 现实主义 tourism 旅游 fatalism 宿命论 modernism 现代派ist 从事工作的人 socialist 社会主义者 dentist 牙科
10、医生ity 表行为，性质，状态 unity 团结一致 maturity 成熟性ive 有性质的，有作用的，属于 protective 保护的 productive 生产的active 积极主动的ize,?ise,?yze,?yse 以方式对待，化 realize 实现 analyze 分析 modernize 现代化less 没有的 fearless 无畏的 useless 无用的let 小 booklet 小册子 leaflet 传单like 有 性质的，像的 dreamlike 梦一般的 humanlike 像人类的logy 论，研究 biology 生物学 technology 技术ly
11、 如 的，有特性的 manly 男子气的 lovely 可爱的ment 表行为，状态，性质 movement 运动 management 管理ness 表状态，性质 darkness 黑暗 kindness 仁慈ous,?eous,?ious 充满的 dangerous 危险的 famous 著名的ship 表状况，状态，身份，技艺，技能 hardship 苦难 doctorship 博士学位workmanship 手艺，工艺some 像的，引起 的 troublesome 讨厌的 lonesome 孤独的ster 表示人 youngster 年轻人 gangster 歹徒ward(s) 表方
12、向 upward(s)向上 outward(s)向外y (n?)表状态，性质，行为 difficulty 困难 victory胜利志存高远 天下为先3(adj?)充满，包含 hairy 多毛发的 irony 钢铁般的英语单词的常用记忆法学习英语最常遇到的问题，便是词汇不足。词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。所以词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。很多英语学习者认为背单词是件既吃力，又往往成效不高的苦差事。实际上，若能采用适当的方法，是可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间，并且提高记忆单词的质量。下面我们就介绍五种单词记忆法。一、结合记忆法 将比较生疏、不常用的单词放入一定
13、的语言环境-句子中，结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时，若词义忘记，则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如： critical adj. 批评（性）的，吹毛求疵的 I dont like people who are too critical about everything 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛疵的人。 紧要的，关键的；危急的 His condition is reported as being据报告他的情况非常危急。通过此法来掌握词汇，既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读，又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配，比孤立地背记单词效果要好。二、同类记忆法?将同类词汇收集在一起，同时背记。注
14、意，同类词汇与同义词不同：同义词是指意思相同，而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次，级别或范围不同的一类词汇。如 headmaster 和 principal 是同义词，都表示， “中小学校长”；president 和 chancellor 是同义词，都表示“大专院校校长” 。这两组词是同类词汇，都表示“ 校长”，但具体级别不同，所以两组词不是同义词。 ?再如 bachelor（学士） 、master （硕士）,doctor (博士）三个词都表示学位授予的情况，但具体级别不同，所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。 这样，将同类词汇放在一起记忆，当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，效率大大
15、提高了。三、比较记忆法 ?同义词或形似词放在一起，加以区别、说明来掌握单词的方法。记忆的过程是一组组，一对对单词同时记忆。这种记忆方法可以记住单词拼写的同时，还掌握了词与词的区别和各自特殊的用法，于是将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开。例如： 同义词 admit 和 confess 均表示“承认“。 ?但confess，含有“坦白“、“忏悔“的意思，而 admit 却无此意。admit 除含有“承认“之意外，还含有“允许，接纳“的意思。 ?acquire、inquire、require 是三个形似词，拼写很相似，但意思却完全不同：acquire（取得，获得）。 inquire（打听，查询） 、r
16、equire（需要，要求，命令） 。四、构词法记忆法通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法：1. 转化，即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如： picture(n.)画picture(v.)描绘 water(n.)水-water(v.)浇水 ?2. 派生，即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，例如：happy-unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀）?3. 合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：wood（木）cut（刻）-woodcut（木刻） pea(豌豆 )nuts （坚果）- peanut（花生） ?这种记忆法可以将具有同一基本意义的不同词性或具有相反意义的一系列单词同时
17、记忆，使不同单词的词义、词性不易混淆。志存高远 天下为先4常见的英语同义词组在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。1. 路 2. 时代 3. 战斗 4. 牧师 5. 服装 6. 哭 7. 美丽,漂亮 8. 拉,拖 9. 旋转 10. 生气, 气愤 11. 错误 12. 图画 13. 特别的 14. 取消,消灭 15.破碎 16. 环境,形势 17. 著名的 18. 强盗
18、19. 摇动, 颤动 20. 说话,谈话 21. 事情 ,事件 22. 承认 23. 走路 24. 跳 25. 特点, 特征1.路way: Wherever there is room for an object to proceed, there is a way.road: A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.path: A way suitable to be traveled only by foot passengers or by animals.route: A route is a lin
19、e of travel, and may be over many roads.street: A street is in some centre of habitation, as a city town or village, when it passes between houses of dwellings.avenue: A avenue is a long, broad and imposing( 壮严) or principal street.2.时代 (期) (时期 )period: It indicates any passage of time, great or sma
20、ll. /an extent of time of any length.(时代)time(s): It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time (新时代)epoch: It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind.The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind.(纪元)era:
21、 It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution(时期)age: It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age, Iron Age3.战斗 (打仗)fight: It is a bodily struggle (奋斗 斗争)struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome diffic
22、ulty.(战斗) battle: A fight between armed forces.(战役) campaign: A series of related military operations in a war.(战争) war: A period of fight between countries or states whenweapons are used and many people are killed.(对抗) combat: A fight, conflict, controversy.4.牧师 (教士 牧师)priest: A person, esp. a man
23、specially trained for various religious duties and ceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church(牧师) minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches.(牧师) clergy(pl): The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a particular church or temple.clergyman
24、: clergymen(pl) a member of clergy.(牧师) pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members, esp. in a Protestant church.(教区牧师) vicar: A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England.志存高远 天下为先5father: A little of respect for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic.
25、5.服装clothing(collect): (fml) General term of clothes.clothes(no single): Coverings of the body such as coats,dresses, suits, shoes, hats.garment(fl): A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.costume: 1) The fashion of dress peculiar to a people, nation, class, period, etc.2) A
26、dress worn by actors in a play. uniform: worn by all members of the community.dress: 1) A kind of outer garment worn by women (连衣裙).2) worn on special occasions (礼服) evening dress/ morning dresssuit: A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/swimming suitcoat: A garment with sleeves w
27、orn on top of other clothes from rain, heat, etc.overcoat: A warn coat worn in the street.6.哭cry: The most general one.(哭泣) weep: To let flow tears.(抽泣 抽嗒 ) sob: To weep or sigh with short quick breaths.(哭天抹泪 涕泪交流 ) snivel: To sniffle and cry in a irritating manner.(哭嚎 又哭又闹) blubber: To cry loudly n
28、oisily.(发出低声报怨声) whine: To make a low complaining cry.(嚎哭) bawl: To utter loud cries (always in bad sense).(痛哭) wail: To cry aloud from pain or sorrow.(呻吟) moan: To make a low, miserable sound in pain or sorrow.(呻吟) grown: To make a low sound of pain, unhappiness or disapproval(哀悼) mourn: To feel or
29、 show sadness or sorrow for someone who has died.(哀悼) lament: To express great sorrow or regret.7.美丽 漂亮good-looking: Having an attractive appearance in a strong, healthy way used for men and women not things.beautiful: ( a woman or a thing) Suggesting symmetry of features or perfection of proportion
30、, elegance and mobility. beautiful flowers, a beautiful girl/voice/city/face beautiful weather.handsome: Of attractive appearance applies to men. a handsome fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.pretty: (a girl, or a small thing) Suggesting liveliness and sweetness, pleasing or nice to look at. a p
31、retty little woman/garden, a pretty girl/ picture/piece of music,lovely: (something) So beautiful that it makes you feel good to look at it or even to think about it. The garden looks lovely.fair: Beautiful( of woman in poet) light in color esp., skin hair.gorgeous: (persons or things) (inf) Extreme
32、ly beautiful or handsome.8.拉 拖pull: The most general one.draw: It implies a smoother, steadier motion and generally a lighter force than pull.drag: It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline (slope) and it suggests laborious efforts over rough ground or against friction, resistan
33、ce or gravity.The escaped prisoner was dragged out of his hiding place.haul: It implies continuous pulling or dragging of heavy or bulky objects.The fisherman is hauling a net.志存高远 天下为先6tug: It applies to hard often sudden violent effort to pull.He tugged at my sleeve to ask directions.jerk: To pull
34、 suddenly.He jerked out the knife that was stuck in the wound.tow: To pull by a rope or chain. We towed the car to the nearest garage.wrench: To pull hard with a twisting or turning movement.9.旋转 turn: The most general one.(自转) spin: To turn quickly around a central point.It emphasizes the continuit
35、y of the action, and usually the narrow extent of the circular motion.The wheel is spinning on its axis.(急转) whirl: To round very fast.It implies the lock of conscious control.The leaves whirl in the wind in the yard.(转动) rotate: To turn round a fixed point with a circular movement.The earth rotates
36、 once every 24 hours.(绕转) revolve: To turn or move in a circle around a central point.It indicates circular or elliptical (椭圆) movement.The planets revolve around the sun.10.生气 气愤anger: The most general one.(易怒) be cross: Feeling easy to get angry.(愤慨) indignation: (fml) Anger.It stresses righteous
37、anger at what one considers unfair, mean or shameful.We expressed our indignation at the ruthless exploitation.(愤怒) wrath: Very treat anger. (literary)It suggests a desire on intent to revenge or punish.(狂怒) rage: Wild, violent anger.It suggests loss of self- control from violence of emotion. in a r
38、age /to fall into a rage.(暴怒) fury: Violent, extreme and destructive anger.She flew into a fury.11.错误(误会) mistake: A wrong thought, act. It implies carelessness Anyone can make a mistake.(过错 弱点 ) fault: A bad point, but not of a serious moral kind. It refers to behavior and character. His only fault
39、 is that he lacks ambition.find fault with sb / at fault shortcoming: Weakness, failingIt refers to failures or deficiencies in things as well as people.In spite of all her shortcomings I still think shes one of the best teachers in the school.(疏忽) error: A mistake (formal sometimes literary)It impl
40、ies deviation from a standard or modelThe accident was caused by human error.(缺点 毛病 ) defect: sth lacking or imperfect.It refers to quality.The radio was returned because of a defect.(失误 过失 ) blunder: A very stupid or unnecessary mistake.It implies ignorance.This is the fatal blunder of his life.12.
41、图画picture: The most general one.志存高远 天下为先7(彩图) painting: pictures with color.(绘画 图画 ) drawing: A picture made with a pen, pencil and crayon. Sketch, diagrams and graphs are all drawings.(草图) sketch: A rough not detailed drawing.(图解 图表 ) diagram: A drawing, figure that shows the arrangement of someth
42、ing.(曲线图) graph: A diagram in which a straight line, curved, or zigzag line shows how two sets of numbers or measurements are related.(插图) illustration: A picture to go with words of a book.(图样 草图 ) draft: The first rough written form of anything.(平面图) plan: A line drawing of a building as it might
43、been seen from above.(主视图) elevation: A flat upright side of a building.(海图) chart: A map esp. a detailed map of a sea area.13.特别(专门的,与众不同的) special: Different in some way from what is common, ordinary, or usual.It stresses having a quality, character, identity, or use of its own.The tube contains s
44、pecial gases.(特别的) especial: (fml) To an usually great degree, exceptionalIt emphasizes the importance of the things or the persons mentionedThis is a matter of especial importance.(各别的) particular: Relating or belonging to only one thing or person.It stresses the distinctness of something as an ind
45、ividual which is worth notice. In that particular case, the rule doesnt hold.(适用)(特种的) specific: Detailed and exact, clear in meaning and explanation, fixed, determined.(used in scientific articles)It implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species.He gave me a very specific instru
46、ction. There is a specific tool for each job.(独特的) peculiar: Strange or perhaps unpleasant.It implies strangeness. He has a peculiar way of speaking.14.取消 消灭(取消 解除 ) cancel: To give up, to declare something is to be effective.He has cancelled his leave of absence.(消假)(废除 废止 ) abolish: To do away wit
47、h. It refers to practices, social institutions. Bad customs should be abolished.(消灭 排除 ) eliminate: To get rid of.We should eliminate the false and retain the true.(撤消 废除 ) repeal: To bring to an end of the effect of a law or an order. Some laws should be repealed.(根除 消灭 ) exterminate: To destroy co
48、mpletely and wholly.Colonialism must be exterminated.15.破碎break: The most general one.(压碎 压破 ) crush: To press together violently as to break, to destroy its shape by squeezing it. It suggests the effect of great external pressure.The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it.(打碎) smash: To break t
49、horoughly to pieces with a crushing sound.She dropped the plate and smashed it.(打裂) crack: To break without separation of parts.It suggests the breaking out across a surface.He cracked the window by leaning against it.志存高远 天下为先8(破裂) burst: To break open by pressure from within.The fireworks burst while they were in the air.(砸碎 破碎 ) shatter: To break into pieces.It suggests the breaking up of a thin surface.The glass was shattered to pieces.(撞坏) crash: To refer to the vehicle which hits something and i
