1、Unit 3 Celebration,Grammar & Writing,1The dishes were washed. 2These trees were planted to protect the environment. 3The red coats in this shop were sold out yesterday. 4Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 规律精点 以上四个例句说明了需要使用被动语态的四种情况。 1句1意为：盘子被洗了 。句子的目的在于交代盘子被洗了的事实，并不需要
2、了解wash这个动作的具体执行人。在同样情况下，不知道并且也不需要知道动作的具体执行者时需要使用_。 如：Football is played all over the world.,.被动语态,被动语态,2句2意为：这些树被种植来保护环境。在此句中执行plant 这个动作的很明显是人，在这种动作执行者显而易见的情况下，也需要使用_，但不必写出动作的执行者。 如：Our classroom is cleaned every day. 3句3意为：这家店的红色外套昨天卖光了。此句的重点在于 sell out 这个动作，而不是在于这个动作具体由谁执行。此种情况属于动作本身比动作的_更加重要，或者不
3、想也不需要指出是谁做出这个动作，需要使用被动语态。 如：The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. 4句4意为：一定要注意机器的工作温度。句子的内容与表达属于一种较为正式的报道形式，在书面语，特别在科技报告、报刊文章中，被动语态比主动语态更为正式。 如：A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.,被动语态,执行者,点津 不及物动词或动词短语(happen，last，take place，belong to等)和系动词(feel，smell，look，sound等)不用于被动语态。,一、
4、被动语态的构成 动词的被动语态也可以有多种时态，具体见下表：,The boy is often heard to play the piano.(一般现在时) 人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。 She was seen to enter the hall.(一般过去时) 有人看见她进了大厅。 A new house will be built by us next year.(一般将来时) 明年我们要建一栋新房子。 The problem is being discussed at the meeting.(现在进行时) 会议上正在讨论这个问题。,A meeting was being held
5、when I was there.(过去进行时) 我到那儿时，正在开会。 All these flowers have been watered.(现在完成时) 这些花都浇过了。 The building had been completed before I arrived.(过去完成时) 在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。 These books may be kept for two weeks.(含情态动词) 这些书可以借两周。,点津 被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。 She got hurt on her w
6、ay back home. 她在回家的路上受伤了。 Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有一些玻璃杯被打碎了。,二、特殊结构的被动语态 1We were given some beautiful stamps by the foreign friends. 2The flower should be watered every day. 3The baby is too small，so he must be taken good care of. 4Please hurry up and get(be) dressed. 5
7、The cloth washes easily. 6The floor requires mopping at once.,规律精点 1句1为带双宾语的被动语态。其主动结构为：The foreign friends gave us some beautiful stamps.此句还可替换为：Some beautiful stamps were given to us by the foreign friends.这里介词to要加上，根据情况可换成其他介词。 2句2为带有情态动词的被动语态。其被动语态的结构为：情态动词be动词的过去分词。 3句3为短语动词的被动语态结构。用于这类动词结构的短语最
8、常见的是“动词名词介词”这一结构，如“take care of，catch hold of”等，这类被动结构的短语动词要作为一个整体看待，介词不能省略。,4句4为get动词的过去分词形式。get dressed/married/broken /burnt/stuck.中的get一般情况下可以用be来替换。 5句5为open，sell，wash，read，write等动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动意义，强调主语的特征，主语通常是物。 6句6为 need，require，want等动词常用动名词的主动形式表被动意思或动词不定式的被动形式，因此此句还可以改写为：The floor requires
9、 to be mopped at once.,1Even a small computer can store great amounts of information. 即便是很小的一台计算机也能储存大量的信息。 2May the bird be set free? 可以放了这只小鸟吗？ 3All passengers must wear seat belt. 所有乘客都必须系上安全带。 4I like the party so much，but I have to leave now.Its too late. 我十分喜欢这个聚会，但我得走了，太晚了。 5Your work should/
10、ought to have been turned in this morning. 你们的作业本应该上午就交的。,.情态动词,规律精点 情态动词的语法特征： 1情态动词有自己的词义，主要表示说话人对所做动作或状态的_。 2情态动词本身_ 人称和数的变化(have to除外)，后面应跟_ 的动词不定式(ought to和have/has to除外)。,看法或态度,没有,不带to,一、have to和not have to 1It is getting late.I have to leave now. 2I will have to finish the project this weeken
11、d. 3You dont have to see him off. 规律精点 1have to强调客观需要，或表示受环境制约，常译为“不得不”，如句1；在人称和时态上可以有更多的变化，如 had to，will have to，have had to，had had to等，如句2。 2have to的否定形式dont have to意为“不必，不需要”，如句3。,点津 1must 也可以表示“必须”，但突出说话人的主观看法或主观意愿，表示“敦促”或“命令”，语气强烈。从时态上看，一般表示现在或将来。must无人称、数和时态的变化。 如：I must clean my room today.
12、You must give the book to Tom before 4 pm. 2must 的第一个否定形式为mustnt，意为“禁止，不准，不允许，绝不可以”；must的第二个否定形式为dont have to /neednt ，意为“不必”。 如：You mustnt smoke here. Must I go tomorrow? No，you neednt.(dont have to),二、can 和 cant 1I can complete the work ahead of time. 2If you are free this weekend，we can go to the
13、 countryside. 3You cant be hungry，for you have just had your dinner. 4Can I skate with my friends after school，mum? 5You cant pass the ball like this，for it may break the window. 规律精点 1can 表示做某件具体事情的“能力”，如句1。 2can 表示“可能”，往往指逻辑上的“可能性”，如句2。 3cant 表示否定推测。语气很强，意为“根本不可能”，与must“一定”表示肯定推测时相对，如句3。 4can 表示请求
14、对方许可，意为“可以，能够”，如句4；cant 表示“不可以”，如句5。,点津 1表示“有能力”时，can与be able to可通用，在许多场合可互换使用。be able to 有更多的时态变化，如将来时、完成时等，如下面例句，此时不能用 can。 如：Will you be able to look after my sister next week? 2be able to 可表示“经过努力而成功地做了某事”。 如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again. 3be able to后不可
15、接被动式，而can 可以。 如：The meeting can be held in the afternoon.,三、ought to 和ought not to 1They ought to get their son to receive good education. 2You oughtnt to break the traffic rules. 3Ought he to go? Yes，I think he ought(to) 规律精点 1ought to 与 should都可表示“应该”,后面直接接动词原形。大多数情况下，ought to 和should可以通用,但在强调客观性，
16、如表示法律、章程或道义上的“应该”时,一般还是用ought to 更好。如句1。 2ought to 的否定式是 ought not to或 oughtnt to，意为“不应该”，如句2。 3用于一般疑问句时，应将ought提至句首；ought to 用于一般疑问句时，简略答语中可省略to，如句3。,.把下列句子改写成被动语态 1They make machines in that factory. 答案：Machines are made in that factory by them. 2He doesnt show the stamps to me. 答案：The stamps aren
17、t shown to me by him. 3Do the workers build many buildings? 答案：Are many buildings built by the workers? 4What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? 答案：What are the boys often told to do by the teacher? 5He didnt give the dictionary to me yesterday. 答案：The dictionary wasnt given to me yesterday
18、 by him.,cant be passed,is hidden,should have,must have been locked,neednt have,may have been discussed,was paid,had been stolen,taking,must have been found,wasnt returned,passed,lying,was hidden,said,was sent,应用文写作：节日介绍,节日介绍是一种应用文写作，其要点通常包括所介绍节日的时间、形式、意义等，节日介绍的文章由于要点相对分散，因此要注意连接词的运用。 常用句式 Im really
19、 glad that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. There are many traditional festivals in China，such as Spring Festival，MidAutumn Day and so on.,Id like to introduce the Spring Festival to you. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China.It usually lasts for 15 d
20、ays. They decorate their houses with paper cuts. They wish each a happy year and good luck. Chinese people look on Spring Festival as their most important one of all. After I grew up，its no longer as important to me as before. The Double Seventh Festival，on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month，is a tr
21、aditional festival full of romance.,The Mid- Autumn Festival，one of the traditional Chinese festivals，falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar and it has been enjoying great popularity in our country. The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole lunar month so what
22、 we love most is the time we enjoy the full moon together. We have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.,词句推敲 1词汇 最重要的节日_ 持续到 _ 打扫和装饰房屋 _ 除夕 _ 串门 _ 拜年 _ 亲戚朋友 _ 放鞭炮 _ 得到压岁钱 _,get pocket money,the most important festival,last until,clean and decorate houses,on New Years Eve,go from house to house,pay a New Year visit,relatives and friends,set off firecrackers,set off firecrackers,to welcome the New Year.,get together to watch,pay a New,Year visit to their,
