1、Unit 2 Heroes,Grammar & Writing,1. aShe wrote a letter to her friend last night. bShe was writing a letter to her friend last night. 2a.It rained the whole evening. bIt was raining the whole evening. 3. aI was leaving the office when the telephone rang.bThe light went out while we were having supper
2、. 4. aI saw my English teacher on the street yesterday.bShe was looking for a job at this time last year. 5a.Last year I always went to the theatre.bHe was always throwing things about.,.一般过去时和过去进行时,规律精点 1一般过去时表示_ 的动作，而过去进行时则表示过去正在进行但可能尚未完成的动作。如例1：a.信写好了；b.信可能还没写完。 2一般过去时只说明过去某时发生某事，侧重_，而过去进行时则侧重_。如
3、例2：a.只说明事实；b.强调动作的不间断性。 3在含有when，while的句子中，过去进行时与一般过去时同时出现在句中时，表示较长的一个动作用_，表示较短的动作用_。如例3：a，b。,过去已经完成,事实,动作的持续时间,过去进行时,一般过去时,4通常一般过去时所指的过去时间比较笼统，而过去进行时所指的过去时间则比较具体。如例4：a._的时间；b. _的时间。 5与_，_等词连用时，一般过去时只是陈述过去发生的事件，而过去进行时则表示一定的感情色彩，如赞赏、表扬、厌烦、抱怨、责备等。如例5：a.陈述过去发生的事情；b.表示对某事的厌烦。,笼统,具体,always,forever,一、一般过去
4、时 1表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或情况。常与 two days ago，yesterday，last week，the other day，in 2014，during the night，in ancient times 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 I first met Lisa three years ago. 我第一次遇见丽莎是在三年前。 Jack bought a new cell phone the other day. 杰克那天买了一部新手机。,2表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与 every day，often，sometimes 等时间状语连用；“used to动
5、词原形”或“would动词原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。 When I was a child，I often played football in the street. 我小时候经常在街上踢足球。 Mary and I used to see each other quite often. 我和玛丽以前经常见面。 We would ask our teachers for advice when we had questions. 我们碰到问题时经常征求老师们的意见。,3表示过去发生的一连串动作。 The monkey jumped off the tree，picked up
6、 a big stone and threw it at us. 猴子从树上跳下来，捡起一块大石头朝我们扔过来。 4在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 He would buy some books when he went to Paris. 他去巴黎时会买一些书。 He said he would come to see me if he got here. 他说他到了这儿就会来看我。,二、过去进行时 1表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，过去进行时常和表示过去的时间状语或时间状语从句连用。 The students were reading loudly w
7、hen the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进教室时学生们正在大声读书。 I was staying at home all last week. 上周整整一周我一直在家待着。,2表示说话人对主语过去的行为表示赞叹、厌恶等。常与 always，constantly，continually 等副词连用。 The manager was always thinking of his work at that time.(表赞赏) 经理那段时间总是想着他的工作。 The naughty boys were constantly making trouble.
8、(表不满) 那些淘气的男孩子们不断地制造麻烦。 3表示过去将来发生的动作。(通常仅限于 come，go，leave，start 等表示移动、方向的动词。) He said that he was coming to see me the next week. 他说他下星期要来看我。 Nobody knew whether he was leaving for the countryside. 没人知道他是否要离开这儿到乡下去。,4描述事件发生的背景。 The sun was shining，the wind was blowing，and a group of soldiers were ma
9、rching. 阳光灿烂，风儿吹拂，一群士兵正在行军。,点津 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 (1)前者通常表示过去发生的一个单纯的事实，而后者表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。 (2)用一般过去时表示动作已经完成或结束了，用过去进行时强调动作的持续性，不一定已经结束。,一般过去时与现在完成时都可以表述过去，但同时也存在一定区别。,.一般过去时和现在完成时,1a.Mary got a skirt as her birthday present last year. bTom has got a new dictionary from his mother. 2a.I left the
10、classroom at about six oclock last night. bHe has studied English for ten years. 3a.The Whites lived in the house next to mine three years ago. bThe Whites have lived in the house next to mine since three years ago.,规律精点 根据上面三组例句，可以总结出，现在完成时与一般过去时的区别主要为以下三点： 1侧重点不同。 一般过去时主要强调_的动作或者事件本身，如第一组中的句子a，只是说
11、明了“玛丽去年得到了一条裙子作生日礼物”这件事情；现在完成时主要强调过去发生的事情对_的影响或产生的结果，如第一组句子b，“汤姆从他妈妈那儿得到一本新字典”是发生在过去的事情，而句子所强调的是通过这一过去的事情所_，即“汤姆现在有一本新字典”。,过去发生,现在,产生的结果,2动词选用不同。 一般过去时所表示的是在过去某一时刻发生的事情，强调动作的终止，因此与非延续性动词连用，如第二组的句子a，leave只是瞬间的动作，属于非延续性动词，此外还有很多非延续性动词可用于一般过去时，如come，go，start，die，finish，become等；现在完成时可表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态，
12、动词一般是_，如第二组的句子b，study即为延续性动词，可表示动作的延续，诸如此类的延续性动词还有teach，live，work，learn，know等。,延续性的,3时间状语不同。 一般过去时常与具体的_连用，如yesterday，last week/month/year，.ago，in 2014等等，如第三组的句子a时间状语为three years ago，为具体的时间状语；而现在完成时通常与模糊的或者可表示从过去一直延续到现在并包括现在的时间状语连用，如so far，for.，since.，ever，never，up to now等等，如第三组的句子b，since three year
13、s ago表示“从三年前开始”，隐含着直到现在的意思。,时间状语,一、现在完成时的构成 肯定式：have/has过去分词 否定式：have/has not过去分词 疑问式：have/has主语过去分词 二、现在完成时的基本用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在产生了某种影响和结果。常被just，already，yet等副词修饰。 Have you had lunch yet? Yes，I have.Ive just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了),(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常带有for和since等表示一段时
14、间的状语。 He has taught here since 2001.他自2001年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为“过”，常带有twice，ever，never，three times等时间状语。 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。,(4)This/It is the first/second.timethat从句。that从句 一般用现在完成时，如果把is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。如： This is the first time that I have seen t
15、he machine，so I dont know how to use it. 这是我第一次见这种机器，所以我不知道怎样用它。 It was the last time that I had visited him. 这是我最后一次拜访他。,(5)It has been/is一段时间since从句。since从句一般用过去时，如果把前面的is改为was，则since从句用过去完成时。如： It is two weeks since I came here. 我来这儿两周了。 It was two months since he had been in hospital. 他住院已有两个月了。
16、 (6)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用and，but等连词时，多用一般过去时。如： The boy wrote a letter and then he posted it. 这个男孩写了一封信，然后邮寄了它。,.完成句子 1I a letter last night. 昨晚我写了一封信。(信已写完) 2I a letter last night. 昨晚我在写一封信(整晚都在写信，但信不一定写完) 3Uncle Wang here since five years ago. Uncle Wang has worked here for five years. 王叔叔已在这儿工作了五年
17、。 4 Li Lei for five years. Ive known Li Lei since five years ago. 我认识李雷已经五年了。,Ive known,wrote,was writing,has worked,was working,studied,have seen,left,returned,havent felt,was doing,changed,have finished,came,was travelling,have attended,was hanging,comes,returned,was thinking,have been produced,描写
18、人物的文章可包括的信息有：性别，年龄，外貌，教育，爱好等方面。但在100词左右的文章中切不可面面俱到，描写要切中要害。而且要有一定的写作顺序。(顺序，倒序，插序等)。,描写人物,常用句式 1性别与婚姻(Sex&Marriage) She got married in 1995 and now she has been married for more than 20 years. I got married five years ago but now Im single. 2年龄(Age) Born in 1998，he is now an 18yearold student，studyin
19、g in a university. In his fifties，he began to feel his age. By the age of 14，he had set up a chemistry lab of his own.,3外貌特征(Appearance) She is a lovely girl，with a round face，big eyes，white teeth and long waving hair. He is thin，tall and wearing a pair of thick glasses. 4身高(Height) He is 176 centim
20、eters tall. The boy is not tall enough to reach the apple overhead.,5健康状况(Health) Well looked after，the children look healthy. Having been in hospital for six months，now she looks very weak. 6教育状况(Education) I started school in 2000 and left school 12 years later. We learned many courses，including.
21、I got my bachelors(masters，doctors)degree in mathematics in April 2014.,7特长爱好(Specialty&Hobbies) Im good at spoken English and even better at using computers. I won the first prize in the English speech contest at school last year. My favorite sport is swimming and playing tabletennis. In my spare t
22、ime，I like reading and enjoying traveling. 8详细特色(Something in detail) 举例法(Giving examples)： He was strict with everybody and in everything he did. One day，we were having classes when. He was very forgetful.Once he came across an old friend of his in the street and. He had a strange way of making his
23、 classes lively and interesting.I still remember my first day as a chemistry student.,词句推敲 1词汇 上大学 _ 组建非国大(ANC)“青年联盟” _ 入狱 _ 获释 _ 获得诺贝尔和平奖 _ 当选南非总统_ 终生 _ 致力于 _ 世界和平事业 _,world peace,enter university,found ANC Youth League,be put into prison/be sentenced to prison,be set free,win Nobel Peace Prize,become/be elected President of South Africa,all ones life,devote.to.,devoted all his life to promoting,founded ANC Youth League,was sentenced to prison,won Nobel Peace Prize,President,
