1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲过去完成时1过去完成时的概念及结构(1)概念：过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去” 。(2)结构：主语had 动词过去分词(done)肯定句：主语had动词过去分词其他否定句：主语hadnot动词过去分词其他一般疑问句：Had主语动词过去分词其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语had. 否定回答：No，主语hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句(had主语过去分词其他)?被动语态：主语had(not)been动词过去分词其他2主要用法(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成
2、或结束，即发生在“过去的过去” 。如：When I woke up，it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“ 过去的过去”) (2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book.他告诉我他写了一本新书。(had written 发生在 told 之前) (3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already， yet，still，just，before，neve
3、r 等时间副词及by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.彼得到 10 岁的时候已经收集了 300 多张中国邮票。(4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：By the end of last year，he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底，他已经在那个工厂工作了20 年了。(had w
4、orked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能)3与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以 now 的时间为基点，但侧重对 now 产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1，000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1，000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。来源:gkst
5、k.Com来源:学优高考网语法精练.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1By the time I reached home， my mother had_cooked(cook) supper already.2Catherine had_finished(finish) the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.3The train had_left(leave) when I got to the station.4The little girl had_lain(lie) in bed for almost a month si
6、nce she fell(fall) sick.5By the end of last year he had_learned/learnt(learn) 3，000 English words.来源:学优高考网6It was the third time that the girl had_invited(invite) him.7I hadnt_found(not find) the dog until last night.来源:gkstk.Com8He told his mother that he had_run(run) out of money to buy new clothe
7、s.9He told me that he had_written(write) a new book.来源:gkstk.Com10I suddenly remembered that I had_left(leave) the key in my classroom when I got(get) home yesterday.按要求完成句子，每空一词。11By the time she got up，her mother had_gone_to_work(对画线部分提问)What had her mother done by the time she got up?12When I got
8、 home，my mother had cooked dinner.(改为否定句)When I got home，my mother hadnt cooked dinner.13The train had left when I got to the station.(改为一般疑问句)Had the train left when you got to the station?14John had never seen the film before.(改为反意疑问句)John had never seen the film before，had he?15She had already finished her homework.(改为否定句)She hadnt finished her homework yet.
