1、语篇填空专题突破练 14专题突破练第 39 页 1(2018 河南郑州质量预测)I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate suggest 表示“ 建议”时,后接从句,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。2.better 考查副词的比较级。 17 世纪 30 年代早期,一些殖民者建议建立一所大学以提高他们后代的素质,这样他们就能更好地建造新的家园。根据语境可知,空格处表示“更好地”,故应用副词比较级。3.universities 考查名词的复数形式。和当时的其他许多大学一样,
2、早期的哈佛大学经常遭遇金融危机。university 为可数名词,该处表示“其他许多大学”,故该处用复数形式。4.donation(s) 考查名词。学校董事会经常不得不去欧洲筹集捐款,但正如你所能预测的,他们经常空手而归。根据该句中的及物动词 raise 可知,空格处做该及物动词的宾语 ,故用名词形式。5.with 考查介词。with 表示“具有,带有”,符合语境。6.which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,句中 his library and half his estate 为先行词,故用 which 引导该定语从句。7.standing 考查现在分词。今天,你可
3、以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的 John Harvard的雕像,这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。a statue of John Harvard 和动词 stand 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词做宾语补足语。8.known 考查形容词。根据空处后的名词 “landmark”可知,空格处修饰该名词,故用形容词 known 表示“知名的,著名的” 。9.a 考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一句格言”, 且 saying 的发音以辅音音素开头 ,故用不定冠词 a。10.and 考查连词。在教育界有一句名言: 哈佛是美国教育的王冠,哈佛商学院是它的闪亮之星。空前的“Harvard is the
4、 crown of American education”和空后的“Harvard Business School is the shining diamond on it”为并列关系 ,故用连词 and。3Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread,pasta or fruit?Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans?These things are not
5、accidents.Food affects 1. we feel more than we think.Scientists researching 2. (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat. Although our moods relate 3. having various food,it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occas
6、ions.If that 4. (be) the case,athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race. Another chemical 5. (connect) with our moods is caffeine,which 6. (find) in coffee,chocolate and many types of tea,and it is perhaps 7. worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed. Of course,8. (enj
7、oy) a nice meal with friends,whatever we eat,can also impact our spirits.Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness. Most 9. (important),though,remember the following old rule:try to eat different food,10. not too much. 答案与解析【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此,我们要尝试吃不同的
8、食物,但是不要吃太多。1.how 考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知 ,空处引导宾语从句,由“we feel more than we think”可知,从句不缺成分;结合语境可以判断 ,应用疑问副词 how 引导该从句。2.its 考查代词。由名词 effect 可知,应用形容词性物主代词 its。3.to 考查动词短语。relate to 为固定搭配,意为“和有关系”。4.were 考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知,该句为虚拟语气,表示对目前情况的虚拟,故从句谓语动词用过去式
9、 were。5.connected 考查非谓语动词。 chemical 和 connect 为动宾关系,故用过去分词短语做后置定语。6.is found 考查动词时态和语态。此处 which 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 caffeine,和 find 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态;此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时。7.the 考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级 worst 可知,空处应用 the。8.enjoying 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知,此处为动词-ing 形式短语在句中做主语。9.importantly 考查副词。空处修饰全句,故用副词形式。10.but/ye
10、t 考查连词。根据语境可知,尝试吃不同的食物,但是不要吃太多。4Over 2,200 years ago,Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods.Li Bing,together with his son,decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River 1. (prevent) flooding.2. having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people,the great Dujiangyan Ir
11、rigation System was completed.Since then,the Chengdu Plain 3. (be) free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily. It is the 4. (old) and only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world.It is also 5.wonder in the development of Chinese science.The project consists of
12、three important parts,namely Yuzui,Feishayan and Baopingkou,which were 6. (science) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year. There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui,7. you can clearly see the entire system.The grea
13、t 8. (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty.At that time,the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手) were made of bamboo.Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of 9. (visit) from home and a
14、broad.Seen from afar,the bridge looks like a rainbow 10. (hang) over the river. 答案与解析【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。1.to prevent 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知 ,李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥,故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。2.After 考查介词。句意:在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后 ,都江堰水利工程完工。after意为“在之后”, 符合语境。3.has been 考查时态。句意:从那时起,
15、成都平原不再受洪水侵扰,人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的“Since then”及“have been”可知,该句应用现在完成时。4.oldest 考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的 the 和“in the world” 可知,都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古老的无坝水利工程,故用最高级。5.a 考查不定冠词。句意:它也是中国科学发展历史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”,故用不定冠词。6.scientifically 考查副词。空处修饰动词,故用副词形式。7.where 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用 where 引导该定语从句。8.
16、construction 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“great” 可以判断 ,空处被形容词修饰,故用名词形式。9.visitors 考查名词的数。这里指“ 保证国内外游客的安全”,故用名词的复数形式。10.hanging 考查非谓语动词。句意: 从远处看,这座桥就像是悬挂在江上方的一道彩虹。空处与rainbow 存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词的-ing 形式。5The Yangtze River,1. (know) in China as the Changjiang River,is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the worl
17、d to flow entirely within one country.Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea,the Yangtze is a natural division 2. north and south.Driven by the 3.(curious) in my heart,I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假)along part of the river last year. Life on board was relaxed with ple
18、nty to occupy the time and mind.We passed Wuhan 4. in 1996 Chairman Mao,then in his 70s,famously swam across the Yangtze River.Glorious temples rise over industrial ports while,high above the rocks,ancient coffins are hung in caves,without being disturbed for 5. (century).We also visited the Three G
19、orges Dam,6. symbol of Chinese pride and power.As well as enormous hydroelectric output,7. (it) increasing shipping ability benefits Chinese people quite a lot. As a foreigner,I 8. (absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.9. (rare),if ever,have I enjoy
20、ed such a culturally rich and historically interesting trip.Now I am looking forward to 10. (visit) again to China! 答案与解析【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了作者游长江的经历。1.known 考查非谓语动词。 known in China as the Changjiang River 在句中做定语,修饰 The Yangtze River。2.between 考查介词。根据空后的 and 再结合语境可知应用 between。3.curiosity 考查名词。 curious
21、 为形容词,由前面的冠词 the 可知,此处应用名词;driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使” 。4.where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词为 Wuhan,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。5.centuries 考查名词的数。for 表示动作或情况持续的时间长度;for centuries 意为“一连好几个世纪”。6.a 考查冠词。symbol 为可数名词;a symbol of Chinese pride and power 在句中做 the Three Gorges Dam 的同位语。7.its 考查代词。it 指三峡
22、大坝,此处是说明三峡大坝的运输能力,故用形容词性物主代词 its。8.was absorbed 考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景,故应用一般过去时;由语境可知,作者被吸引住了,故应用被动语态。9.Rarely 考查副词。修饰动词需要用副词。10.visiting 考查非谓语动词。look forward to 中的 to 为介词,后接动词-ing 形式。6Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of 1. most important art forms in China.Many Asian cultures h
23、ave originated their own calligraphy styles,but Chinas is unequaled because of 2. (it) beauty,grace(优雅)and history. The 3. (origin) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown,but local tales say it goes back over 4,000 years to the time of the legendary(传说的)Yellow Emperor (2698 BC2598 BC).At that time
24、 characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells.Only after Emperor Qinshihuang united China under his rule 4. one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form. He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set,5. (make) it easier for people to learn and master.This
25、 Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD907 AD) a new type of cursive script(草书)was formed and standardized.It is written 6. (free),but its not as easy to read. Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly 7. (appreciate) acro
26、ss the world.Anyone can practice it and 8. is required is a simple set including:a brush,ink and paper.Its fun for amateurs to try,but to become good at it,not only years of practice but also natural talent 9. (need).Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of great 10.
27、 (benefit) to health. 答案与解析【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国书法的起源及特点。1.the 考查冠词。根据形容词最高级 most important 可知,空处需加定冠词 the,此处意为“ 最重要的艺术形式之一”。2.its 考查代词。修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词,所以填 its。3.origins 考查名词的数。根据该句的谓语动词 are 可知,中国书法的起源不止一种,所以用名词复数origins。4.as/into 考查介词。unite.as/into.在此处意为“把统一成”,所以填 as/into。5.making 考查非谓语动词。动词 make
28、与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词,故用 making在此处做状语。6.freely 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。7.appreciated 考查非谓语动词。动词 appreciate 与其逻辑主语 art form 是动宾关系,故用过去分词appreciated 在此处做定语。8.what 考查主语从句。根据句意“需要的东西就是一套简单的( 书写)工具”可知,此处应用 what 引导主语从句。9.is needed 考查主谓一致和被动语态。 “not only.but also.”做主语,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent 与动词 nee
29、d 之间是动宾关系 ,故用 is needed。10.benefit 考查名词。此处指 “坚持练习这门艺术能培养个人的性格而且对健康大有好处”, 形容词great 后应用名词 benefit。7Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement,like on the royal tour of Canada,or poses for 1.(office) photographs,he only ever wears shorts,2. has long confused royal watchers. According to William
30、 Hanson,3. expert in ceremony,theres a very good reason for this and it has nothing to do 4. fashion,but rather a royal tradition that 5. (date) back to the sixteenth century.A newborn baby would 6. (dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched(穿裤礼)”and wore articles of clothing
31、like shorts.The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old. With times 7. (change),middle-class boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban(呆板的)by the upper.Hanson explains,“8. is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.”The British upper are
32、 always keen to hold on to the tradition,and this also 9. (silent) marks them out from “the rest”.However,as for William and Kate,the 10. (decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition than a class issue. 答案与解析【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,George 王子出访时总喜欢穿短裤,这其实与英国皇室传统有关。本文介绍了这一传统的渊源和人们的评价
33、。1.official 考查形容词。空处修饰名词 photographs,故用形容词形式。2.which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句;空处为关系词,指代前面的整句话,故用 which 引导。3.an 考查冠词。此处泛指“ 一个专家”,expert 的读音以元音音素开头,故用 an。4.with 考查固定搭配。have nothing to do with 为固定搭配,意为“和无关”。5.dates 考查时态和主谓一致。that 代指 a royal tradition,在从句中做主语;该句陈述的是一般事实,故用一般现在时。6.be dressed 考查语态。名词 b
34、aby 和 dress 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。7.changing 考查非谓语动词。此处为 with 的独立主格结构,times 和动词 change 之间为主谓关系,故用动词的-ing 形式做宾语补足语。8.It 考查代词。分析该句结构可知,空处做形式主语,真正的主语由后面的动词不定式短语充当。9.silently 考查副词。空处修饰动词 marks,故用副词形式。10.decision 考查名词。根据定冠词 the 可知,空处用名词形式。8There is a tradition at my school that when the College Entrance Exa
35、mination is less than a month away,students in the 1. (low) grades,from Senior 1 to Senior 2,all gather together on the ground in front of the teaching building and cheer on the Senior 3 students who are standing upstairs.It wasnt until I 2. (person) took part in the activity that I understood the r
36、eal 3.(mean) of it. I was in Senior 2 at the time.4. that special night,all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors(走廊)and looked down at the younger students below.5. (vary) cheers started to resound throughout the school,wave after wave.“Believe in yourself!You deserve to win!” 6. (see) every
37、ones smiling face around me,I thought of 7. famous quote from the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau:What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals. Soon it will be my turn 8. (bless) in this way,9. also means I will have to say goodbye to m
38、y school.Sad as it will be,being cheered on by so many students will still be one of the brightest 10. (time) of my life. 答案与解析【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,在高考前,高一、高二学生为高三学生加油打气是我校的传统。文章记录了这一过程和“我” 的感想。1.lower 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“from Senior 1 to Senior 2”可知,这里表示低年级的学生,故用 low 的比较级 lower。2.personally 考查副词。句意: 直到我亲自参加
39、了这一活动,我才理解了此项活动的真正意义。空处修饰动词短语,故用副词形式。3.meaning 考查名词。空处前的 real 为形容词,修饰名词,故空处用 meaning,表示“ 意义”。4.On 考查介词。在某一个特定的晚上用介词 on。5.Various 考查形容词。根据空处后的名词“cheers” 可知,空处修饰该名词,故用形容词形式。6.Seeing 考查非谓语动词。该句主语 I 和动词 see 之间为主谓关系,这里表示动作正在发生,故用动词-ing 形式做伴随状语。7.a 考查冠词。这里指“ 我想起美国哲学家 Henry David Thoreau 的一句名言”。此处表泛指,故用不定冠词。8.to be blessed 考查动词不定式的被动语态。句意:很快就该轮到我以这种方式受到祝福了。根据语境并结合 its ones turn to do sth.的固定用法可知,这里应用动词不定式的被动语态。9.which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前句,故用 which。10.times 考查名词的复数。time 在此意为“(以某种方式经历的 )事件,时刻”,为可数名词。one of 后接可数名词的复数形式,故用 times。
