1、2018-2019 学年度人教版必修二 Unit3ComputersPeriod FourGrammarThe Present Perfect Passive Voice课文原句感知1Over time I have been changed(change) quite a lot.2First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop，I have been used(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.3Over time my memory has developed so much
2、that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told(tell)!4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found(find) for me.5I have also been put(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义
3、，因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题：1构成现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/has been过去分词。2各种句式肯定式 主语have/has been done.否定式 主语have/has not been done.一般疑问式 Have/Has主语been done.？特殊疑问式疑问词have/has主语been done.？3.使用的场合(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，yet ，never ，recently 等副词及时间状语 so far，by now，up ti
4、ll/to now，since.，before. 等连用。Thousands of man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.许多国家已经发射了数千颗人造卫星到太空中。The doctor hasnt been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于 “How long.？”句型中。The important problem has been discussed for
5、nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。How long has the machine been used?这台机器使用多久了？More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone.自从这个城市建立了一个新经济开发区以来，这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。4现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时
6、的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建成的。The bridge has been built.这座桥已经建好了。(2)一些特殊动词，如：borrow，finish ，begin ，buy ，start，return ，marry，open，join 等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则须改换动词或时态。这本书买了多长时间了？误 How long has this book been bought?正 How long ago was this book bought?但这类动
7、词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与 since 或 for构成的时间状语连用。No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买书。(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We have built many houses in the past ten years.Many
8、houses have been built in the past ten years.(5)带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise 等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。We have given him the book.He has been given the book.The book has been given to him.(6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为
9、主语补足语。原来用省略 to 的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带 to 的不定式。 I have told them to help you.They have been told to help you.单句语法填空1Sarah has been told/was told(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.(2017全国)2In recent years，stress has been regarded(regard) as a cause o
10、f a whole range of medical problems.(2016上海)3Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津 )4In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut(cut)(2015重庆)5We wont start the work until all the
11、preparations have been made(make)(2014天津)6Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013北京).单句改错(仅有 1 处错误)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国，短文改错).单句语法填空1Many new houses have
12、been built(build) in the past few years.2So far no letter has been received(receive) from my friends.3We want to sit at the table near the window.Im sorry，but it has been taken(take) already.4How long have you been employed (employ) at this job?Since 1990.5Several students have been admitted(admit)
13、into a key university up to now.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误)6The novel been translated into several kinds of languages so far.hadhas7The topic has discussed by them for several times. been8Recently，a number of accidents have been happened here.9The little children have been taken good care since they moved her
14、e. of10A lot of animals have been disappeared from the earth up to now.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again.Li Ming：I know that your parents 11.have been working(work) in Yushu for years.Can you tell me somethin
15、g there after the earthquake?Lin Tao：Of course.Since the earthquake 12.happened(happen)，many soldiers 13.have been sent(send) there，and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 14.have been carried(carry) there from all over the country.Now，most people there 15.live/are living(live) a happy life again.Li Ming：H
16、ow about the schools there?Lin Tao：Several new schools 16.have been set(set) up and also some schools which 17.were damaged(damage) in the earthquake 18.have been rebuilt(rebuild)So all the students can go back to school to study now.Li Ming：Thats wonderful.Im sure their life will be better and bett
17、er.When will your parents come back?Lin Tao：They will be back next month.阅读理解A(2017山西平遥中学高一上期中)When Steve Jobs was born on February 24,1955，in San Francisco，California，his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl.So in the middle of the night，his mother called a law
18、yer named Paul Jobs and said， “We have an unexpected baby boy；do you want him？” But his mother told his future parents to promise that they would send Jobs to college.After Steve Jobs graduated from high school，he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sle
19、ep on the floor in his friends rooms.At 20，he and a friend(Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1,1976.Jobs named their companyApple in memory of a happy summer he had spent at an orchard(果园) in Oregon.After 10 years of hard time and failures，starting from two kids working in a gara
20、ge， Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4,000 employees.At 30， Jobs，however ，was fired from the company he co-founded.But after he had to leave the company，Apple was under heavy pressure from rival(对手) Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.Apple needed St
21、eve Jobs and he was appointed as Apples CEO in 1997.Under his leadership，Apple returned to profitability and introduced new products such as the iPhone and the iPod.Steve Jobs once said， “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.Dont lose faith.Im convinced that the only thing that kept me g
22、oing was that I loved what I did.Youve got to find what you love.If you havent found it yet，keep looking.”语篇解读 文章介绍乔布斯的家庭生活、学业情况和如何创办苹果公司的。通过他所说的话可知，兴趣是成功的关键。1Which of the following is RIGHT according to Paragraph 1?AJobs unmarried mother wanted a girl.BPaul Jobs was a college teacher.CJobs finished
23、 his education.DJobs unmarried mother adopted him.答案 A解析 细节理解题。从第一段的句子“.his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl.”可知乔布斯的未婚妈妈想要一个女孩，故选A。2Steve Jobs didnt finish his college education because he .Awanted to start a companyBhad financial problemsCtook no interest i
24、n his majorDhated to share rooms with his friends答案 B解析 细节理解题。从第一段的句子“.he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends rooms.”可知，乔布斯没有完成大学学业主要是因为他的经济问题，故选 B。3What can we learn from what Steve Jobs said?AInterest is the key to su
25、ccess.BHope helps us succeed.CAttitude is everything.DCourage goes with confidence.答案 A解析 推理判断题。从文章最后一段乔布斯所说的话可知，兴趣是成功的关键，故选 A。BThe Internet brings us many advantages.With the Internet，people can send and receive e-mails.On the Internet，people can skim over news.Using the Telnet，the user anywhere on
26、 the Internet can log into any other machine on which he has an account.It is possible to use the FTP program to copy files from one machine on the Internet to another.But the Internet also brings us troubles.Internet use seems to cause a fall in psychological(心理的) health，according to the research a
27、t Carnegie Mellon University.Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less often，the two-year study showed.And it wasnt that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet，but that using the
28、 Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they had expected.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television，since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with ot
29、hers.The fact that Internet use reduces time used for family and friends may be the reason for the drop in health， researchers said.Faceless， bodiless “virtual”(虚拟的) communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations，and the relationships formed through it may not be so d
30、eep.Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But its important to remember this is not about the technology；its about how it is used， ” said one of the researchers.“It really points to the need for considering social factors
31、(因素) when you design new inventions.”语 篇 解 读 文 章 谈 论 了 网 络 的 优 点 和 由 于 使 用 网 络 而 产 生 的 一 些 问 题 。4The writer mainly wants to tell us that .Athe Internet can bring people many advantagesBInternet use may cause psychological problemsCthe Internet users are not satisfied with their livesDwe shouldnt use
32、 the Internet答案 B解析 主旨大意题。文章虽然谈论了网络的优点，但从其篇幅和重点来看，文章侧重于谈论由于使用网络而产生的一些问题，主题句在第四段。作者其实是想提醒我们使用网络可能有损心理健康。5Why are the researchers puzzled over the results?ABecause the results were completely different from what they had thought.BBecause the Net proved socially healthier than television.CBecause the I
33、nternet users were all healthier.DBecause the Internet users experienced less depression and loneliness.答案 A解析 细节理解题。由第五段第一句“Researchers are puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they had expected.”可知令研究人员疑惑的是研究结果与他们预料的完全相反。6What does the underlined part in the last paragra
34、ph mean?AWhat matters is not the technology but how it is used.BThis passage is not about the technology but about how it is used.CWe should remember to learn about the technology.DWe should remember to learn how to use computers.答案 A解析 句意理解题。作者通过画线部分想表明这一切与技术本身无关，而是看我们怎么利用科技。.完形填空Have you ever seen
35、 a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was destroyed? Have you seen films in which two trains crashed or a ship 7 into the ocean? If 8 ，you may have wondered how these things could happen without 9 the actors and actresses in the film.The man who knows the 10 is the “special-effect
36、s” man.He has one of the most important 11 in the film industry.He may be ordered to 12 a flood or to make a battlefield explode.But he may also be told to create a 13 effect which is much less exciting， 14 just as important to the success of the film.In a 15 for one movie there was a big glass bowl
37、 filled with water in which small fish were swimming.The director of the movie 16 the fish to stop swimming suddenly 17 they seemed to stare at an actor.Then the director wanted the fish to 18 staring and swim.But fish cant be ordered to do anything.It was quite a 19 .The special-effects man thought
38、 about the problem for a long time.The result was an idea for 20 the fish with a harmless use of electricity. 21 he applied electricity to the fish bowl causing the fish to be absolutely 22 .Then he rapidly reduced the amount of 23 ， allowing the fish to be free.Thus he got the humorous effect the 2
39、4 wanted.In other parts of movie making there are also special-effects men who have developed 25 skills in creating certain kinds of effects.Jim White，who has been a special-effects man for thirty-two years，is best known for his 26 with ships and airplanes.语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 电 影 中 的 一 些 特 效 人 员 是 如 何
40、 完 成 特 效 镜 头 的 。7A.buried BsankCfell Ddropped答案 B解析 你看到过电影中两列火车相撞或者一艘船在大洋中下沉吗？sink 下沉。8A.so BsuchCpossible Dnecessary答案 A解析 if so 如果是这样，由下文可知答案。9A.telling BharmingCprotecting Dorganizing答案 B解析 如果你看过，你或许感到奇怪，电影里的这些事情是如何在不伤害演员的情况下发生的呢？harm 伤害。10A.news BquestionCmessage Dsecret答案 D解析 知道这个秘密的人就是“特效制作人”
41、。由上文可知，这个问题对于大多数人来说是个秘密。secret 秘密。11A.films BjobsCfactories Dcompanies答案 B解析 他拥有电影公司中最重要的工作之一。由下文可知答案。job 工作。12A.prevent BfightCpour Dcreate答案 D解析 他或许被命令创造一场洪水或者战场上的爆炸。create 创造，产生。由下一句“he may also be told to create.”可知答案。13A.terrible BpeacefulCfunny Dspecial答案 D解析 但是他或许也会被告诉创造一个不是很令人兴奋的特效。a special
42、 effect特效。14A.or BasCthough Donly答案 C解析 参考上一题解析。though 虽然，然而。但是这对电影的成功来说同样重要。15A.scene BstepCstage Droom答案 A解析 在一部电影的一幕中，有一个装满水的大玻璃碗，里面有几条小鱼正在游泳。scene 一幕。16A.ordered Bwanted Cdecided Ddoubted答案 B解析 电影的导演想让鱼突然停止游泳，以便它们看起来好像是盯着一个演员看。want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事。17A.while BsinceCso that Deven if答案 C解析 参考上
43、一题解析。so that 为了，以便。18A.return BcontinueCstop Dstart答案 C解析 然后导演想让鱼停止盯着演员看，继续游泳。stop 停止。19A.success BfailureCproblem Ddisappointment答案 C解析 但是鱼不会听命令做任何事情。这确实是个难题。problem 问题。20A.controlling BoperatingCdriving Dlighting答案 A解析 结果就是用对鱼无害的电量来控制鱼。control 控制。21A.As a result BAbove allCFirst DImmediately 答案 C解
44、析 首先，他要把电用于盛鱼的碗里，让鱼绝对地静止。first 首先，由下文的“Then he rapidly.”可知答案。22A.pure Binteresting Cstill Dquiet答案 C解析 由上文可知是要让鱼先静止，然后再继续游动。下文“allowing the fish to be free”也说明此处是让鱼静止不动。still 静止的，不动的。23A.fish BwaterCelectricity Dbowl答案 C解析 然后他迅速减少电量来允许鱼自由活动。由上文可知答案。electricity 电。24A.actor BactressCdirector Dspecial-effects man答案 C解析 因而他得到了导演想要的幽默效果。由上文可知答案。director 导演。25A.fast Bparticular Chumorous Dcareful答案 B解析 在电影别的部分的制作中，也有些特效制作人员，他们开发特殊的技巧来创造某些效果。particular 特殊的。26A.imagination Bwork Crepair Ddesign答案 B解析 Jim White 是一位工作了 32 年的特效制作人，他在船和飞机上的特效最为出名。
