1、第 1 页 共 65 页 【美文阅读】 海伦凯勒，美国著名的盲聋女作家、教育家，她是怎样识字，又是怎样理解字义的呢？Helen Keller“The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sullivan，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable(无限的) contrasts between the two lives which it connects.It
2、 was the third of March，1887，three months before I was seven years old.”so wrote Helen Keller.The morning after the arrival of her teacher，Helen was led into a room and given a doll.After she had played with it for a while，Miss Sullivan slowly spelt the letters “doll” into her hand.At once Helen was
3、 interested in this finger play and tried to imitate her teacher.When she finally succeeded in forming the letters correctly，she was filled with pleasure and pride.Excitedly she found her way to her mother，held up her hand and wrote the letters for “doll”And in the days that followed，she learned to
4、spell a great many words in this way.Helen soon learned，however，that things and actions had names.One day when she was playing with her new doll，Miss Sullivan placed the doll on her lap，made her touch it again and wrote the letters “doll”on the palm(手掌)of her hand.This was repeated several times unt
5、il Helen associated the word with the object.“Once，as we were walking down the road to the well，I was attracted by some strange smell in the air.I asked， What is that strange smell in the air？Miss Sullivan led me to the well.Someone was drawing water.She took my hand and placed it under the flowing
6、water.”As the cool water washed Helens hand，Miss Sullivan spelt the word “water” into her other hand，first slowly，then quickly.Helen stood still.She knew then that “water” meant the cool liquid she was now playing with both her hands.That living word gave her joy，light and hope.She did not remember
7、what they all were；but she knew that mother，father，sister，and her teacher were among themwords that were to make the world bright for her.As her education progressed，Helen was living a new life full of 第 2 页 共 65 页 excitement.She now had the key to language and was keen to use it.We who have eyes to
8、 see and ears to hear can learn easily.But Helen could not as she was both blind and deaf.She did not allow herself to be handicapped(身体残疾的)She made full use of all the other faculties she had to such an advantage that she became a worldfamous teacher of the blind and the deaf.【诱思导学】 1Why was the th
9、ird of March，1887 the most important day in Helen Kellers life?_2How did Helen Keller learn to spell?_【答案】 1.Because it was the day on which Anne Mansfield Sullivan became her teacher. 2.By imitating what her teacher wrote into her hand.第 3 页 共 65 页 Period Previewing(教师用书独具)教学课标解读本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容
10、的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。教学地位分析本单元是让学生初步了解名胜古迹和名人轶事的故事。通过本文的学习会使学生对生活中的事情有更深层次的理解，尽管现阶段学生的本职任务就是学习，但是通过本节的学习，让学生加深了对各种故事深层次的理解，所以，上好本堂课会增进学生和老师之间的融洽关系。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议用多媒体向学生展示几幅图片，其内容是关于历史和人物故事的，如端午节的来历和无膊钢琴家刘伟的故事等等。从而转到本单元涉及的历史故事庞培城和生活故事海伦凯勒。教学流程设计第 4 页 共 65 页 第 5 页 共 6
11、5 页 .篇章结构根据课文内容在表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词(每空不超过 3 个单词)Pompeii：The city that became a time capsuleTime Events other stories give us a deep lesson.Now, ask a student to tell other students his/her stories.(老师让 xxx 同学读一读他/她写的短文)。教学流程设计第 9 页 共 65 页 1abandon(P 5) vt.放弃；遗弃；沉溺 He abandoned the plan.他放弃了这个计划。He aband
12、oned his family.他抛弃了家人。abandon ones wife/hope/country遗弃妻子/放弃希望/背弃祖国abandon oneself to 沉溺于；纵情于abandoned adj.被遗弃的；抛弃的；自我放任的Dont abandon yourself to despair，well help you.不要陷入绝望，我们会帮助你的。There is an abandoned garden.有一个废弃的花园。abandon/desert/quitabandon 指完全、永远地放弃，尤指对之负有责任或义 务者。desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等。qu
13、it 指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指“停止” 。The man abandoned his wife and child.这个人遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。He was deserted by his friends.他被朋友抛弃了。Quit smoking in this room，please.在这房间里请勿吸烟。用 abandon，desert，quit 的适当形式填空The game had to be _due to the bad weather.She _ school at 17 and left home.Mike just _ her when she got pregnant
14、.【答案】 abandoned quit/quitted deserted2come into view (P 5)进入视野；出现 They picked up their cases when the train came into view.当他们看到火车时，就把箱子拿起来了。第 10 页 共 65 页 The Great Wall came into our view.长城出现在我们眼前。come into use 开始使用，获得应用come into effect/force 生效come into power/office 上台，就职，当 权come into contact 接触c
15、ome into being 出现；产生；成立Computers first came into use in the early 1950s.电脑最早于 20 世纪 50 年代初期开始使用。Josie broke the new law that first came into being in 1912.乔西违反了 1912 年开始生效的那条新颁布的法律。【提示】 come 构成的所有短语均没有被动语态；come into.表示“进入(某种状态)，开始(活动 )”。完成句子那湖很快映入眼帘。The lake soon_新法令 2 年前已经实施。The new law_2 years ago
16、.【答案】 came into view came into force3knock sb.over(P 5) 撞倒某人 He got up for a drink of water，and knocked over a pile of books.他起床去喝水，结果打翻了一摞书。Youve knocked over my drink!你把我的饮料打翻了！knock down 把撞倒；拆除；把(价钱)压低第 11 页 共 65 页 knock at 敲(门、窗等)knock into sb.撞到某人身上knock.out of.把从中敲出来knock off 碰掉；碰下来；停止工作；减价Kno
17、ck at the door before you enter.你进去之前要先敲门。I was almost knocked down by a car.我差点被一辆汽车撞倒。A car ran into the street and knocked the woman off her bicycle.一辆车冲进街道把一位女士从自行车上撞了下来。【教师备课资源】knock about 漂泊，闲逛；连续打击knock sb./oneself out 使某人/自己筋疲力尽knock against 撞击用 knock 相关短语填空。Knock _ the door before you enter
18、.Mr Black was knocked _ by a motorcycle when crossing the street.The old houses are going to be knocked _【答案】 at down/over down4witness v目击；见证 n见证人；目击者Around the end of the first century AD， a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.(P6
19、)公元一世纪末左右，一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他青年时代亲眼目睹的一场灾难性火山喷发的情景。The 1990s witnessed the rapid development of China.20 世纪 90 年代见证了中国的快速发展。Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.警方呼吁目击者站出来。be a witness to sth.成为的证据give witness to sth.为提供证据give witness on behalf of sb.为某人作证第 12 页 共 65 页 in witness of 作为的证明
20、witness to doing sth.证实做了某事Her principal was called to witness to her good character.她的校长被叫来证明她优良的品德。A taxi driver witnessed to having seen the accused enter the building.一位出租车司机作证说曾看到被告进了那座大楼。witness/see/look/watch/noticewitness “见证” ，侧重看到某事物后，能够作为证人，提供证据。see “看见” ，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到” 的结果。loo
21、k “看” ，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch “观看；注视” ，指集中注意力观看。notice “看到；注意到” ，有意识地注意，含有“从不注意到注意”的变化 的意思。Can you see the evidence of the volcano from the stone？你能从这石头上看到火山的证据吗？Look！There is a rare old vase in the hole.看！那洞里有一个罕见的花瓶。Watch what I do and how I do it.注意看我的动作和方法。He noticed that a river of liquid rock
22、 was coming towards him.他发现有一股岩浆在朝他流来。用 look，see，watch，notice，witness 的适当形式填空我目睹了一次事故。I _an accident.我看到一只野兔在吃草。I _a hare eating grass.看！那是什么？_！Whats that?孩子们正在观看一场足球赛。The children are _ a football match.我注意到空中有只鸟在飞。I _a bird flying in the sky.【答案】 witnessed saw Look watchingnoticed5occur (occurred，
23、occurring) vi.发生；出现；存在 第 13 页 共 65 页 The eruption had occurred on August 24th，79 AD.(P 6)火山爆发发生在公元 79 年 8 月 24 日。When did the accident occur?事故是什么时候发生的？The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas.那种疾病多见于农村地区。sth.occurs to sb.(sth.strikes sb.)某事被某人想起It occurs to sb.that.某人突然想起It occurs to sb.to
24、 do sth.某人想起做某事occurrence nC事件；发生的事U(事件的)发生；出现A good idea occurred to me.我想起了一个好主意。It occurred to her that he was angry.她突然发现他生气了。occur/happen/come about/take place/break outoccur 发生；想到，突然想起；存在happen 发生，碰巧(偶然发生，突然发生，没有计划安排)come about 发生，产生(侧重不受控制地出现、产生)take place 发生，举行，举办(多指非偶然性事件的发生)break out 发生，爆发
25、(多指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发 生)【提示】 当说“某人想到某事”时，常用 sth.occurs to sb.，用 sth.作主语。occur 为不及物动词 ，没有被 动语态(同 happen，take place，come about)。【对接高考】(2010陕西高考)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.Awhich BwhatCthat Dif【解析】 考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It occurs to sb.that.的意思为“
26、某人突然想到 ”，其中 that 引导主语从第 14 页 共 65 页 句，it 为形式主语，指代 that 从句的具体内容。【答案】 C用 occur，happen，come about，take place，break out 的适当形式填空An excellent idea _to me when I woke up this morning.The accident _at the corner.How did it _that he left school?The next meeting will _on Thursday.Several scuffles _in the crow
27、d.【答案】 occurred happened come abouttake place broke out6block out 堵住；挡住；遮住；忘掉；抺去；草拟大纲；勾画轮廓；不去想(回忆)Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain，blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path，including whole villages and towns.(P6)普利尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。We put a curt
28、ain across the window to block out the sunlight.我们将帘子横挂在窗子上遮住阳光。Over the years, she had tried to block out the story.过去几年，她一直试图忘掉这个故事。block in 草拟；画草图；封闭(在内)block off 封锁；关闭；阻止；隔开；挡住(视线)block up 阻挡；堵塞block sb.s way挡住某人的去路My nose is blocked up with this cold.由于伤风，我的鼻子不通气。Ill just block in the main buil
29、dings.我将仅把主要建筑的草图勾画出来。完成句子第 15 页 共 65 页 我们勾勒出对房间布置的设想。We_our ideas for the room arrangement.他们决定关闭通往那个国家的天然气管道。They decided to_the gas pipe to that country.【答案】 blocked out block off7particularly adv.特别地；尤其This particularly sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the erupt
30、ion.(P6)这场灾难给普利尼留下了深刻的印象，他的一位叔叔在灾难中丧生。I particularly want to see the film Avatar.我特别想去看电影阿凡达 。Be particularly careful when driving at night.晚上开车要特别小心。particular adj.特殊的；特定的in particular 特别地be particular about.对挑剔；对讲究He likes to help others，in particular those who need help.他喜欢帮助别人，特别是那些需要帮助的人。She is
31、 very particular about her appearance.她过于讲究外表。particularly/especially/speciallyparticularly 意为“特别地，尤其地” ，可以与 especially 互换，但particularly 还可作“详细地，细致地”讲。especially 多指某事超乎一般的重要，强调“超过其他” 。specially 指为了某一特定目的而专门做某事。It is cold here，particularly/especially in winter.这儿很冷，尤其是在冬天。The restaurant is particular
32、ly/especially popular among young people.那家餐馆尤其受年轻人的欢迎。This dress is made specially for you.这条裙子是特地为你做的。第 16 页 共 65 页 用 especially，particularly，specially 填空He likes the country，_ in spring.We came here _ to see you，our friend.It has been _ hot this week.【答案】 especially/particularly specially especia
33、lly/particularly8in a/one way 从某种程度上说；在某种程度上In a way，Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.(P6)从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一个时间舱，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。Your job is well done in a way.从某种程度上说，你的工作做得很好。You are quite right in a way.从某一方面/某种程度上来讲，你完全正确。on the way to 在去的路上；接近(某状态)；就要；即将in the
34、 way挡道；阻碍in no way 决不；一点也不by the way(用于转入新的话题)顺便说；另外，还有by way of经由；通过的方法There was a big truck in the way.有一辆大卡车挡着道。In no way should the result be seen as a defeat for the government.这个结果绝对不应被视为政府的失败。【教师备课资源】no way(用于表示断然拒绝或强烈反对)决不，绝对不行，没门儿all the way 自始至终，一直in this/that way 用这(那)种方法【对接高考】(2013福建高考)M
35、rs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.Ain the way Bon watchCin sight Don the line第 17 页 共 65 页 【解析】 考查介词短语。A 项“挡道，妨碍 ”，B项 “值班，监视” ，C项“在视线中，被看见” ，D项“在线上” 。根据句意：史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西有困难，因为 每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。故答案选 A。【答案】 A完成句子暴风雪即将到来。The snowst
36、orm is _从某种程度上说，教师像一本字典，特别是英语老师。_，a teacher is like a dictionary，particularly an English teacher.【答案】 on the way In a way9However，much more than buildings and objects，it_is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.(P6)但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，
37、那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓形象则更使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。本句的后半句为强调句型。其基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that (who)其他成分。它可以用来强调句中的某些成分，如主语、宾语、状语等，但其结构不能用来强调谓语。被强调的部分指人时用 that，who 均可，指事物或情况时用 that。It is the girl that (who) likes playing football in her class.在她班上喜欢踢足球的是这个女孩。It was he that (who) was referred to at the meeting.在会议上被提到的
38、是他。基本结构：It is/was 被强调部分that/who其他成分。一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？特殊疑问句：Where/What /When 等特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？第 18 页 共 65 页 It is what he said that matters much.他说的什么很重要。Was it at eight oclock that you started to work?你是在 8 点钟开始工作的吗？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天是在什么时候给我打电话的？【教师备课
39、资源】(1)强调句不能用来强调谓语，其他成分可以。被强调的部分指人时用that/who 均可，指物时只能用 that。(2)强调句的判定方法：强调结构中将 It is/was 和 that/who 去掉，原句仍成立，不影响理解，则是强调句；而以 It 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句的情况下，若去掉 It is/was 和 that，则句子不是正确句子。【对接高考】(2013天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.Athat BwhereCwhy Dwhen【解析】 考查强调句
40、。此处考查固定句型 not.until 的强调句，其句型结构为：It was not until.that句子故答案选 A。【答案】 A完成句子他是在第二次世界大战期间死亡的吗？_ he died?昨天你是在哪里见到的汤姆？_ you met Tom yesterday?【答案】 Was it during the Second World War thatWhere was it that10gather v(使)聚集；(使)集中；搜集；收集；收拾；增长As you walk，you will pass people gathered together for protection in t
41、heir last hours of life.(P6)当你走过时，你会看到在生命的最后时刻紧紧拥抱在一起寻求保护的人们。People gathered in the hall for the celebration on the eve of the National Day.国庆节前夕人们聚集在礼堂开庆祝会。Thousands of people gathered for the pop festival.成千上万的人聚集来参加流行音乐节。Ill go home to gather my vegetables.我要回家收菜。第 19 页 共 65 页 gather around/round
42、 聚拢gather together 聚集在一起gather in 收(庄稼)gather sth.together/up 集拢as far as I can gather 据我所知He gathered up his papers and left the room.他把那些文件收起来便离开了房间。As far as I can gather, shes his niece.据我所知，她是他侄女。gather/collectgather指把原来分散的、杂乱的东西无选择地聚拢在一起，强调由个体聚集到一起成为集体。不仅可以用于人和物，还可用于抽象的东西，如把力量、印象等聚集起来；也指采花、摘果实
43、、采蜜等。collect 指经过精选后按一定原则或种类收集或聚集。着重于有计划、有条理 地为某种目的进行细心的、有选择性的收集。He travels about the world gathering facts about littleknown disease.他走遍世界，收集鲜为人知的疾病资料。Her hobby is collecting stamps.她的业余爱好是集邮。用 gather，collect 的适当形式填空The policemen have spent months_evidence.We all _together at the gate of the school
44、to _money for the blind child.【答案】 collecting/gathering gathered；collect11Another man，lying on his side，looks as_if he is trying to get up.(P6)躺在他身旁的另一个人看上去好像是在设法站起来。这是一个主从复合句。Another man looks.是主句，as if 在本句中引导表语从句。as if/as though(仿佛)在 look、seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。as if/as though 还可引导方式状语从句。 lying on his s
45、ide 是现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句。It looks as if he knew that impressionist in the flesh.他看起来好像认识那位印象派艺术家本人。The child talked to us as if he were a grownup.那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。第 20 页 共 65 页 Error!It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来要下雨了。He talks as if he knew everything.他说起话来好像什么都懂似的。He spoke English as
46、if he had studied it in England before.他英语讲得就好像之前在英国学习过似的。【教师备课资源】当 as if 引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为 it，谓语动词为 be 时，从句的主语与谓语动词 be 可以一起省略。He put up his hand as if (he was) to ask questions.他举起了手，好像要问问题。【对接高考】(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been【解析】 句意：拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由 Dont handle.可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用动词的过去式 were，故 B项正确。做对 此题的关键在于牢 记 as if 引导虚拟语气的形式。【答案】 B完成句子那个男孩好像迷路了。It seems _
