1、第 7时 介词介词的类型和用法比较复杂,相似意义之间介词的辨析是考查的重点:如 between和among,across和 through等近义词之间的区别,时间介词和地点介词的区别以及方位介词的用法等。另外考查表示时间和地点的介词选择也是介词考查的重点。介词的中考题主要以选择题、词汇填空以及完形填空等题型来考查。预计 2016中考对介词的考查仍然是以介词的运用和辨析以及动词、形容词和名词与介词的搭配为重点。一、 表示时间的常用介词表示时间的常用介词有 at,in,after,until,by,before,during,on,since,from,for。1. at多用于表示具体的钟点时刻,
2、所表示的时间大多比较短暂,如:在七点 at seven;在 9:45 at a quarter to ten。也可用于固定搭配中 ,如:在中午 at noon;在夜晚 at night。2. in表示一段时间,如年、月、日、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。如:在 21世纪 in the twenty first century;在秋天 in autumn;在早上 in the morning。还可以用于表示“从现在起多长时间以后或多久以后”的短语中。3. on主要用于表示星期几,具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或用在节日前。如:在中秋节 on Mid-autumn Day;在六一 on
3、 June 1st。4. since,from和 for(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,主句用完成时。如:He has been disabled since he was born. 他先天性残障。(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。如:From then on,Im never late again.从那以后,我再也没迟到过。(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,主句用完成时。如:I have been a teacher for five years.我做了五年的教师。5. after(1)after表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之
4、后,用于过去时。如:The lost boy was found after two days.失踪的男孩两天后被找着了。(2)after与时间点连用表示将来某个时间之后。如:The weather is so hot that the outdoor workers have to work after sunset. 天气太热,从事户外工作的工人们只能在太阳下山后工作。6. “by+时间点”表示“到以前为止”,如果 by后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时;如果 by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。如:We had achieved half the work by the end of
5、 yesterday.昨天结束我们就已完成了一半的工作量。7. “during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。如:The children play games during class break.孩子们在课间做游戏。8. until用于否定句中,意为“直到才”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词;用在肯定句中,意为“直到为止”,其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。如:I didnt wake up until Mary called me.直到玛丽给我打电话时我才醒来。9. before和 after表示时间,分别意为“在之前”和“在之后”。如:Its impolite to call so
6、meone unfamiliar after 9:00 p.m. 晚上九点后给并不熟悉的人打电话很失礼。案例 (2015北京231 分)I sometimes help my mom with her housework Saturdays. A. at B. inC. on D. to【解析】本题考查介词的用法。on Saturdays(在周六)是固定搭配,指每周六。【答案】 C二、 表示地点的介词1. at,in和 on的用法区别(1)at表示较小的地点。如:at school,at the park。(2)in表示较大的地方。如:in America,in London。(3)on表示在
7、一个平面上。如:on the floor,on the bed。2. in front of,in the front of和 before(1)in front of表示“在前面”(范围外)。如:A hill appears in front of me.我的面前出现了一座小山丘。(2)in the front of表示“在的前部”(范围内)。如:There are two lights in the front of the car.车的前部有两盏灯。(3)before所表示的位置关系和 in front of通用,表示“在前”,“在前面”。如:The seat before me is
8、taken. 我前面的座位被占了。3. below,underbelow表示“在下方或位置低于”,不一定有垂直在下之意;under 表示“在正下方”。如:The temperature is below zero. 温度已降至零度以下。Dont read books under the sun. 别在太阳底下看书。案例 (2015重庆291 分)Mr Greens office is the 26th floor. You can take the lift there. A. at B. inC. on D. for【解析】 本题考查介词。the 26th floor(第 26楼)表示地点,
9、应该用介词 on。【答案】 C三、 方位介词的用法in/onin/on用作方位介词时,可以表示地点、场所或位置,都有“在上/里/内”的意思,但含义和用法不同。试比较:Theres a picture on the wall.(在墙的表面上)Theres a hole in the wall.(在墙的内部)Therere some apples on the tree.(指树上结的果实)Therere some birds in the tree.(指树上外来的)above/overabove意为“在之上”,表示某物的高度,但是没有垂直关系,与介词 below相对。如:The shelf is
10、above the bed. 架子在床的上方。over意思是“在之上”,表示某物的垂直位置,其反义词是 under。over 能与 there连用,而 above则不能。如:Theres a bridge over a river. 河上有一座桥。Theres a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。between/amongbetween意为“在之间”,指两者之间。between 与 and连用时,意为“在和之间”。between后面接三者或三者以上的人或物时,是把这些人或物分为两个部分,分别看待。among意为“在之间/中/中间”,指三者或三者以上之间的位置关系。如
11、:under/belowunder意为“在之下”,表示物体靠/贴近或相互垂直的位置关系,反义词是 over。如:Therere lots things under the bed. 床下有许多东西。below意为“在之下”,表示下方的位置,但不贴近,反义词是 above。如:Holland(荷兰) is below the sea level. 荷兰在海平面以下。beside/insidebeside意为“在的旁边/附近”,等于 at the side of,其同义词是 near/close to,有时可以与 by互换使用。如:Kate sits beside/by Sandy. 凯特坐在桑迪
12、的旁边。My house is beside/by the road. 我家在路边。inside意思是“在里面”,表示具体的位置关系,其反义词是 outside。如:Kates toys are inside the box. 凯特的玩具在盒子里。across/throughacross意为“穿/横过、在的对面”,表示从某处/物体穿过,强调横向、平面。如:Dont go across the road. 不要横穿马路。Walk across Sunshine Park. 步行穿过阳光公园。across与 from连用构成复合介词 across from,意为“在的对面”。英语中常使用 acro
13、ss,美国英语中常用 across from。如:The supermarket is across(from) the post office. through意为“穿过、通过”,表示通过空间,强调纵向,相当于 by way of。如:Dont drive through the red light. 不要闯红灯。up/downup意为“从(低处)向(高处);在的上面”,表示空间位置,其反义词是 down。如:Please go up the stairs. My room is up those the stairs. 请上楼。我的房间在楼上。down意为“向下、沿着”,与 up相对。do
14、wn 作“沿着”讲时,相当于 along。如:Walk down this street. 沿着这条街走。Walk along North Road and down the steps to Sunshine Park. 沿着北路走,下台阶到阳光公园。案例 (2015天津1 分)Cambridge is a small city the east of England. A. between B. withC. in D. under【解析】本题考查方位介词的用法。“in the east of+名词(在东部)”是固定搭配。【答案】 C四、 表示原因的介词/词组和短语表示原因的介词/词组和短
15、语常见的有:1. as 表示原因,语气比 because弱,意思是“由于、鉴于”,主句说明结果,从句说明原因,主从句并重。从句在句中的位置可前可后。从句放在句子开头时,通常要加逗号。如:As she was not well,I decided to go without her. 由于她身体不好,我决定独自去了。As it was a holiday,no one was at school. 由于是假期,学校没有人。We all like him as he is helpful. 我们都喜欢他,因为他乐于助人。2. after 用作介词,表示原因时,意为“由于;因为;尽管”。如:Afte
16、r all our advice,she insists on doing so. 尽管我们劝阻,她还是坚持要那么做。3. by 表示原因时,意为“由于”。如:I took his umbrella by mistake. 我错拿了他的雨伞。4. for 表示原因,可以用作介词,也可用作连词,意思是“由于/因为”。用作连词时,表明附加或推断的理由。for 引导的分句不可放在句首,与前一个分句用逗号隔开。如:West Lake is famous for its beauty. 西湖以风景优美闻名于世。They shouted for joy. 他们高兴得跳了起来。5. of 表示原因 ,意思是
17、“由于、出于 ”。of 用于动词 die后面时,常表示由于疾病、饥饿、年老等原因而引起的死亡。如:He came of his own accord. 他自动地来了。That dog died of illness. 那条狗病死了。6. from表示原因、动机,意为“由于、出于”。from 用于动词 die后面指因疾病或情感以外的原因而造成的死亡。如:He suffered from a bad cold. 他患了重感冒。7. out of 表示原因时,意为“出于、由于”。如:That was out of the need of struggle. 那是由于斗争的需要。It was out
18、of concern for our comrades. 这是出于对同志的关心。8. through 表示原因时,意为“由于、出于”。如:That was all done through friendship. 那样做完全是出于友爱。9. with 表示原因或理由时,指由于某种原因而引起的,相当于 because of,意为“因为、由于”。如:He was excited with wine. 他因喝酒而兴奋。She was down with bad cold. 她因重感冒而病倒了。10. due to 表示原因时,意为“由于”,在句中作表语或状语。due to作状语不可置于句首。如:Th
19、e delay of the game was due to rain. 由于下雨,比赛延期。案例 (2015浙江丽水171 分) all his pocket money,Dan bought a present for his mother on Mothers Day. A. With B. For C. By D. In 【解析】本题考查介词的用法。句意:母亲节这天,Dan 用他的零花钱给他的妈妈买了一份生日礼物。介词 with表示“用(某种工具或手段)”,符合句意。【答案】 A (2015浙江金华171 分)The blind man walked across the street
20、 the help of a boy. A. by B. at C. in D. with 【解析】本题考查介词的用法。句意为:那个盲人 一个男孩的帮助下过马路。by被;at 在;in 在里;with 伴随。根据 the help of可知用 with,构成固定搭配,with the help of在帮助下。 【答案】 D例 1 时间介词的运用。(2015山东滨州231 分)A ship from South Korea sank into the sea April 16,2015. A. in B. on C. at D. for【解析】本题考查介词的用法。在具体的日期之前应该用介词 on
21、。【答案】 B例 2 表示地点的介词的运用。(2015 湖南益阳221 分)Uncle Tom lives a farm the country. A. in;at B. near;on C. on;in【解析】本题考查介词的用法。on a farm(在农场)是固定搭配;“在乡下”应该用介词 in。【答案】 C例 3 介词的辨析。(2015广东321 分)Most people are building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted. A. for B. with C. again
22、st D. beyond【解析】本题考查介词辨析用法。由后面一句“河流会受到污染”判断,许多人反对在附近建造造纸厂,不是赞成、一起或超出。【答案】 C例 4 介词固定搭配。(2015 山东临沂201 分)Now,people regard drinking tea a culture more than a habit. A. as B. by C. of D. with【解析】本题考查介词固定搭配。regard.as(把看作)是固定搭配。【答案】 A(2015湖北鄂州291 分)Everyone must the security check(安检) before getting on th
23、e plane at the airport. Yes. Its necessary to ensure the passengers safety.A. get through B. get across C. go through D. go across【解析】本题考查动词与介词的搭配用法。“在机场上飞机之前,每个人必须通过安检”,应该用 go through。【答案】 C一、 单项选择1. Do you like tea or coffee?Coffee. I prefer coffee milk. A. to B. with C. of D. in2. I visit my gran
24、dparents Saturday afternoon. A. on B. in C. at D. of 3. Hurry up!There will be a movie three minutes. A. in B. at C. on D. for4. The 20th World Cup will be held in Brazil June 12 July 13,2015. A. in;to B. on;on C. at;from D. from;to 5. South Africa president Nelson Mandela has passed away December 5
25、th,2013 the age of 95. A. on;in B. in;at C. on;at D. at;in6. What time do you usually get up on weekends,Lily?I get up 7:00. A. by B. for C. in D. at7. (2015上海291 分) March 20 26,the US first lady Michelle Obama was on a trip to China with her daughters and mother. A. Between;and B. From;to C. By;to
26、D. On;to8. (2015江苏泰州31 分)The robber walked the street,jumped a tall wall and ran away. A. through;across B. across;over C. over;across D. across;through 9. (2015天津251 分)You can improve your English practising more. A. by B. with C. of D. in 10. (2015贵州遵义模拟 371分)You are just for the game . Please com
27、e and join us. A. in time B. on time C. at times 二、 用所给词的适当形式填空或根据中文提示填词1. (2015江苏盐城561 分)I only saw her once (在期间) my stay in New York. 2. (2013甘肃白银 261分)The kind man helped the blind woman go (穿过) the street at the crossing. 3. (2013湖北黄冈831 分)In a basketball match,players move (朝向) one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other. 4. (2013江苏盐城571 分)After the whole days voluntary work,I felt fine (除之外) for being a little tired. 5. (2013四川广安31 分)He is the tallest one (在当中) the boys.
