1、What is SPEAKING?,Speaking is the productive, oral skill. Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information. Speaking is often spontaneous, open-ended, and evolving(变化发展的)，but not completely unpredictable.,1,总之，一句话，,口语是要说出来的。,
2、2,What is TEST?,A test is a series of questions that you must answer or actions that you must perform in order to show how much you know about a subject or how well you are able to do something.,3,总之，一句话，,考试的时候，尽量说自己熟悉的会说的东西.,4,What is speaking test in TOEFL IBT?,2+4 组合（开放型+控制型） 2: 独立口语部分 independen
3、t 4: 综合口语部分 integrated,5,1. 独立口语部分:,Task 1: Personal experience（小学生作文水平） Task 2: Personal preference（中学生作文水平）,6,2. 综合口语部分:,1) Read listen-speak Task 3 conversation (campus-based) Task 4 lecture (academic) 2) Listen speakTask 5 conversation (campus-based) Task 6 lecture (academic),7,Time limit,Task 1
4、 15 45 Task 2 Task 3 45 30 60 Task 4 Task 5 20 60 Task 6,8,3Y Standards 3y标准,Accuracy Fluency Spontaneity,9,ETS 标准,Delivery(表达)- How clear your speech is. Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural sounding-patterns.,10,Langu
5、age Use (语言使用)- How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas. Raters will be looking to see how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.,11,Topic Development(话题展开)- How fully you answer the question and how coherently
6、 you present your ideas. Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.,12,0-4,Organization （topic dev.） Comprehensibility （delivery） Fluency （delivery） Pronunciation （delive
7、ry/L. use ） Grammar （L. use） Vocabulary（L. use）,13,Unit 1 新托福口语纠音 美音解密,一三四五原则一大发音特色三大音变四大发音秘诀五个辅音音素,14,“一”大发音特色,The car cant be parked in the car park right now.,15,Two donts,不要上来就卷 不要遇到/就卷,16,重度卷舌,scarf large sharp warm sport four girl perfect her,17,轻度卷舌,teacher doctor popular worry hurry sorry mo
8、dern western government yesterday Saturday understand pattern,18,下列/ /不卷舌,really idea Gloria Christmas breakfast society quiet possible holiday violin bottom of,19,campus focus famous nervous precious delicious,20,“三”大音变:,/ a: / / / 在/ f, m, n, s, / 前 after, example, France, class, bath / / / D / bo
9、ss, popular / i / / / believe, before,21,Exercises:,afternoon half laugh staff graph branch dance advance cant chance answer aunt advantage disadvantage ask fast last past master task bathroom path,22,Some more,God not Harry Potter doctor box obvious belong beside elevenbelow between,23,“四”大发音秘诀,长,双
10、元音饱满到位 短元音急促有力 连音 省音,24,1. 长元音: /i:/ /:/ /u:/ : / /a:/,Seeing is believing. You are superb. Ill see you soon. Can I talk to you for a minute? Please calm down.,25,对比练习,beach bitch sheet shit leave live thirteen thirty fool full food foot,26,双元音 /ai /,I like China. He likes to fly kites in the sky. M
11、ike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.,27,mind kind style smile,28,/ei/,You are the same as everybody else. The seat is taken.,29,Read these,play today rain pain fail nail,30,/e/ vs. /ei/,get gate men main tell tail met mate set sate(使心满意足),31,/i/ vs. /ei/,lit late bit bait kit(工具箱) K
12、ate stick steak,32,/au/,Do you provide a horse or a house? We found you. Are you going downtown?,33,Read these,now how about down town /aun/ ang found,34,2. 短元音急促有力,/ /i/ /u/ / / / / /e/ / / sun fun /n/ an run,35,/e/ Vs. / /,pen pan head had lend land men man celery salary temper tamper(干预),36,Good
13、cookies could be cooked by a good cook if a good cook could cook good cookies.,37,It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare but because we do not dare that they are difficult.,38,3. 连音,辅+元a cup of coffee CNNfirst of all not at all look at it put it onpick it up take it easyin an hou
14、r,39,/ r / +元,after all far away there is for instancefor us her ownas far as I knowI know where it is.,40,元+元,/j/ be on time stay up say it go to the airport/w/ grow up knew it do it flew away UN cooperation January situation and so on,41,4. 省音: 辅 + 辅,失爆 : 爆破音+ c 叠合 : c+ c 击穿 : c+ h,42,Examples:,bi
15、g country good child blackboard outside picture definitely bad dog big girl grab Bob good deal,43,some money some morewith them this semesterThat makes sense. ask her take her teach her burn her give him a big hand,44,“五”个特别注意的辅音音素,/v/ never very well /w/ where overwhelming twenty question /r/ row t
16、rain drink / / usually confusion /l/ little school world,45,练习1:,Here is an example. Don (t) forge (t) to have so (me) milk. Does i (t) tas (te) good? I will try it out later myself. I (d) li (ke) to make an appointment for a checkup. Don (t) ma (ke) ca (t) calls a (t) girls.,46,练习2:,In my family, m
17、y mother has influenced me greatly because she has so many good qualities. She is very well educated and keeps an open mind. Her thinking is very modern. She is able to understand people from different generations.,47,In addition, shes a good listener. This makes her tolerant of other peoples opinio
18、ns. Her personal values set a good example for me to follow in my life. The way she treats people and thinks makes me want to become the best person I can be. This is why I think my mother has influenced me the most in my life.,48,Unit 2 真题解析,Task 1 话题范围(OG 提出): people, objects, places, events. 考查目的
19、：Describing Expressing opinionsExplaining Giving examples,49,Task 2,话题范围：education, media, technology, culture, life, work, leisure, success, others 考查目的： Expressing opinionsExplainingGiving examplesContrasting,50,Task 3,学校硬件设施问题 硬件设施停用 硬件更新 硬件修复及改建 硬件新建或增加 硬件发生故障 （computer lab ）,51,图书馆场景 通常情况不外乎一下几
20、种： 学生询问图书馆资源使用情况 到图书馆借阅或请求延期归还 到图书馆打印paper 注册课程失败，到图书馆询问原因 去图书馆自习 在图书馆兼职 图书馆重修 技术革新,52,学校软件政策问题:课程问题住宿问题 教授的办公时间 学校花费问题 课外活动,53,Task 5,Scheduling conflicts Unavoidable absences Unavailable resources Student elections Financial difficulties,54,Scheduling conflicts,具体分为以下几种情况： 活动Vs. 活动 课程Vs. 课程 学习Vs.
21、活动 学习Vs. 打工,55,Task 4, 6,话题范围：心理学，生物学，经济学，艺术，天文学，生态学，广告学，考古学，物理学，教育学，文学，历史，科技，音乐，农业，地球生物学 T3-6考查目的： SummarizingSynthesizing,56,Unit 3 Task 1-people,综合人物类 专门特质类,57,OG P209,Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanati
22、on.,58,在真题高频出现， 只是问法稍作改变。,1. Describe a person that you admire most. （ 06. 3. 17， 06. 10. 22考题） 2. Describe a person that influenced you most. （06. 5. 26考题） 3. What characteristics do you think a good teacher should have? （06. 3. 3， 07. 11.3考题） 4. Describe a famous person that you admire. （08.6.22考题
23、） 5. Describe a person you enjoy talking with, explain why you enjoy talking with him or her. （08.10.12考题）,59,审题：,1）要确定关键词不至于跑题。eg. person (admire)book (important, useful)event (happy, memorable)object (special)- dog因为接下来阐述的理由都要为其服务。 2）然后1 内想好要描述的人，物，事，地。 3）接着，迅速brainstorm 理由。列出提纲。 4）要确定时态，是现在，过去还是未
24、来。,60,Sample answer:,The teacher I admire in my education was my math teacher. The most impressive thing about him was the way he taught us. He was always firm, yet also humorous and funny. I still remember the first time he came to our class.,61,He asked what was 2 and 2 ? Many of the students shou
25、ted out 4 4 4 .but he told us the answer was 22. For a few moments, we did not understand, but then we realized his answer was, oddly enough, correct. We laughed a lot. We just laughed together.,62,Not only did we learn math, but we also learnt how to do things well, and with attentionskills not onl
26、y for math but also for life. We also realized that our attitude was very important in achieving things, in being successful. I think we all admired him and I certainly did.,63,A students response,The teacher I admire in my education is my English teacher. The most impressive thing about her is her
27、sense of humor. She can make English learning great fun and give everyone in her class a lot of pleasure.,64,Whats more, she always explains hard things in the easiest way. Sometimes she even plays games to help us remember difficult language points. Not only does she teach us about English but also
28、 she tells us how to do things well, and with attention. Thats even more important for a student. So thats why I admire her most.,65,IBT结构提纲：,IBT结构= Intro +Body 【brainstorming】+ Transitional words Intro=观点（get to the point） Body=理由（reasons）+细节（points）+例子（examples）（可有可无） Transitional words =过渡词,66,Tr
29、ansitional words,First Firstly First of all First and foremost To begin with For starters To start,67,And, Also, Plus, Besides, In addition, Whats more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, More importantly, Apart from that, Other than that, Next to that, On top of that,68,Finally, Lastly, Last
30、 but not least, Most of all, All in all, In general, In one word, In conclusion, To conclude, In summary, To sum up, To summarize, In a nutshell, In short, In closing,69,例 2,Describe a person you admire. Explain why you admire this person.,70,IBT结构提纲1：,Intro: Nelson Mandela Body: 1. excellent speake
31、r2. political prisoner3. presidentTransitional words: first, second, third 结语：strong leader,71,Sample 1: (a given answer in the book),I admire Nelson Mandela for several reasons. First, he is an excellent speaker, and his ideas inspire many people. Second, he spent over 20 years in jail as a politic
32、al prisoner. However, that experience didnt stop his dream. Third, he became the president of South Africa when he was 70 years old. I admire Nelson Mandela because he was a strong leader for his country at a time of change. 6句,72,Former President of South Africa,73,IBT结构提纲2：,Intro: Martin Luther Ki
33、ng Body: 1. great leader 2. peaceful protests and demonstrations 3. magnificent speakerTransitional words: first, second, third 结语： hero,74,Sample 2-my own version,I admire Martin Luther King for several reasons. First, he was a great leader in the civil rights movement. He was very strong to stand
34、up against prejudice even though people threatened both him and his family. Second, he strongly advocated peaceful protests and demonstrations. He maintained that love and respect would overcome hate and prejudice. Third, he was also a magnificent speaker. His voice was so powerful that it could rea
35、lly move people. Thats why he has always been a hero of mine. 8句,75,Martin Luther King,76,8句模板,a. 1+6+1 （中间段选择3个理由，每个理由2句，构成6句。 开头结尾各1句。） b. 2+4+2 （中间段选择2个理由，每个理由2句，构成4句。 开头结尾各2句。 理由实在找不出的时候，可使用这种组合，开头结尾各占1句废话） c. 1+5+2 （中间段选择3个理由，前2个写正面理由，各2句，后1个写反面理由1句。 开头1句，结尾2句。 这个组合比较适用第二题。） d. 2+5+1 （中间段选择3个理由
36、，前2个写正面理由，各2句，后1个写反面理由1句。 开头2句，结尾1句。 这个组合也适用第二题。）,77,综合人物类模板 1,I admire _ for several reasons. First, _. Second, _. Third, _. So thats why I admire _ the most.,78,综合人物类模板2,When it comes to the person I admire the most, _is the one. The most impressive thing about him（her） is that _. _. Whats more, _
37、. _. In addition, _. _. Thats why he（she） has always been a hero(heroine) of mine.,79,When it comes to the person I admire the most, Old Fish is the one. The most impressive thing about him is that he started a school from nothing and has become the richest teacher in China. As a successful young en
38、trepreneur, he indeed sets a good example for me to follow in my own life. (理由1+细节),80,Whats more, he is not greedy or having love for riches. He donated 8 million yuan to the earthquake-hit areas in Sichuan Province, southwest of China. (理由2+例子) In addition, he is very nice as a leader, showing com
39、passion and love for his fellow men and affecting them in a positive way. Almost 10,000 people work for him all around China. (理由3+例子) Thats why he has always been a hero of mine.,81,例3,What are important characteristics you look for in friends?,82,Characteristics in friends,honest loyal trustworthy
40、 integrate (正直的)/upright forthright (坦率的)/straightforward friendly,83,kind not pushy or controlling a good sense of humor funny fun to be around fun and lots of laughter,84,similar interests compassionate considerate/thoughtful supportive understanding caring,85,patient sensitive respectful sharing
41、appreciate one another non judgmental（品头论足的） have morals,86,be a good listener be able to keep secrets enhance your life, not drag you down tell you the truth about you regardless of how it affects the friendship not criticize (tell stories) you behind your back tell you your short-comings at your m
42、outh （当面）,87,almost never praise you in front of you have something in common but not everything want to spend as much time as possible with like being together and sharing good times with,88,wont leave you if you are in trouble be friends in sunshine and in shade stand by you in the hour of any sor
43、t of need always be there when you need themno matter what time day or night care for you even when the times are bad and even more when the times are great,89,stand up for you and apologize to you after a fight wont teach you bad stuffs good friends teach good things like you unconditionally not ex
44、pect a lot from the friendship give you a shoulder to cry on whenever you need one,90,Sps:,I think what makes a good friend is someone whos honest, supportive and understanding. A person who is and is alsois what I think makes a good friend. They must be/have I depend on my friends to be I have to c
45、ount on my friends to I think a good friend is someone who I just look for someone who is/ can/ V-s Id say they have to be a kind person that,91,专门特质类模板1,I think what makes a good friend is someone who is _,_ and _. To begin with, I just look for someone who is _. He should _. Also, _. _. Finally, I
46、d love to spend more time with someone who can _. You know, _. So _, _ and _ are the characteristics that I look for in_.,92,Sample answer:,I think what makes a good friend is someone who is honest, supportive, and has a good sense of humor.,93,To begin with, I just look for someone whos honest to m
47、e no matter what. He should not tell stories behind my back; he should tell me my short-comings at my mouth, but never praises me in front of me.,94,Also, it is a well known saying that “A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED.“ I just think that a good friend should stand by me in sunshine and in shade.,
