1、1.1983 The doctor _ is leaving for Africa nextmonth.the nurse is talking to him whom the nurse is talking C. the nurs is talking to D. Who the nurse is talking 2. 1985 He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in3. 1992 In the dark street, there was
2、nt a singleperson _ she could turn for help. A. That B. who C. from whom D. to whom,一. 介词加关系代词,注意1. 含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词whom, which前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，其在从句中作宾语的引导词who, whom, that,which可省。,但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，如 look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。 例：The babies (who/whom) the nurses look af
3、ter look strong and happy.,2. where = at/in/to + whichwhen = at/in/on/during + whichwhy = for which 例：This is the school where/at which Iused to teach. They stood at the window, from where they could see what was happening in the street.,whose book = the book of which = of which the book,二. 在下列情况下只用
4、that，不用which 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时 There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little,much等词修饰时 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books thatyou l
5、ike. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the first composition (that)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.,先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修饰时 The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last pla
6、ce( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导 (that既可指人也可指物) He talked about the teachers and schools that hehad visited.,that 不能引导非限制性定语从句,that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用 which,指人用whom）,关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时,或先行在主句中作表语 What great changes! It
7、is not the city (that) it was ten years ago.,2. most of + which/whom引导的定语从句属非限定性 定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，除most外， 还有many, some, any, all, none, several, few, both, half, the majority, a number, the youngest, three(数词) in front of, in the middle of, at the back of, at thebottom of, on the top of, at the foo
8、t of + which等。 例：He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river.,1. 无关系代词 that ,只有which who whom,三在非限制性定语从句中,. 在非限制性定语从句中的as, which,1). the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等结构中,只用as This is not such a book as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). Here is so big a ston
9、e as no man can lift. As many children as came here were myfathers pupils.,2). as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如： 1as has been said before 如上所述 2as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3as is well known 众所周知 4as was expected 正如预料的那样 5as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样,3). as 替代一句话即
10、可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。,The man died last night, which is a lie.,四.定语从句中的主谓一致 定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如： 1. Here are such sentences as are often usedby the students. ( as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。 2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代I, 谓语用am.)。 3. He was one of the stude
11、nts who were praisedfor it. ( who指代the students) 他是被表扬的学生之一。 4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指the only one) 他是唯一被表扬的学生。,五. 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句 1.定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的”。 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句 同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词， 如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。th
12、at在定语从句中 作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位 语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分) We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. (定语从句，that 作told 的宾语),2. 定语从句与状语从句。试比较： He left the key where he had been an hour before
13、. (where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引导定语从句) He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引导结果状语从句,suchthat “如此以致”),3定语从句与主语从句。 试比较： As is known to us a
14、ll, paper was first made in China. (as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句) 4定语从句与强调结构。试比较： It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语) It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句为强调结构，
15、可还原为I met the young man in the house.),1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich,2. Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D at which,3. The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for C w
16、hose D of which,4. This is Mr Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A . who B whom C. that D. x,5. Who _ has seen the TV film doesnt admireit? A . that B who C which D as 分析：先行词是who，到是指人，可为了避免重复，不用who，而用能指代 人的that。答案是A。,7. This is the last time _ I shall give you a lesson. A. when
17、B that C which D in which 分析：答案是B。这里的time不指时间，而是次数。且先行词time 被the last 所修饰,所以用that引导。 8. I dont like the way _ you laugh at her. A . that B on which C which D as,9. _ have plenty of money will help their friend.A.Those who B.He who C.That who D.You who,10. I shall never forget those years _ I lived i
18、n thefarm _ you visited last week.A.when,where B.which,which C.when , which D.which , where,6. You can never imagine what great trouble I havehad_ the patient who received a serious wound. A. treat B. to treat C treating D treated 注：have trouble (difficult) doing sth,六.定语从句可缩略为短语： 1、 缩略为分词短语 有些定语从句可
19、直接略去作主语的关系代词（who, which,例如： I know the men(who are )sitting in that car.(IME 2) The boys helped the people (that were )hurt inthe accident. ( ib ) . 3) The problem (which is) bothering everybody isthe lack of money. (ib) 4) The book (that has been) given to him is an English novel.(NEC)语小说。 有些定语从句不能
20、按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：,5) The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking The man owning that car will be fined forillegal parking . 6) Bill, who had taken chemistry in high school ,offered to help him . Bill, having taken chemistry in high school , of
21、fered to help him. 7) Now, however, the furniture which they are carrying down to the truck feels very heavy. Now, however, the furniture being carried downto the truck feels very heavy.,2、缩略为形容词短语 若定词从句为主体表结构，且表语由形容短词充当， 可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词，从而使 定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。 例如： The men (who were ) responsible
22、for the administration of the school refused to consider the matter . 2).We said goodbye to Mrs. Long, (who was) still busy at her chores. 3).The puppy, (which was) too excited to be calmed ,barked furiously.,3缩略为名词短语 由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作 主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语。 例如： 1）The company commander, (who wa
23、s) Captain Madison, assembled his men and announced their mission.连长,墨迪逊上尉,把战士们集合起来宣布他们的战斗任务。 2）You should have a talk with Mr. Worth ,(who is )the adviser to students.你应该和沃斯先生-学生顾问谈一谈。 3) We finally reached Rio,(which was) the end or our journey.,4缩略为介词短语 若定语从句为主系表句型，且表语为介语短语，可略去 主语关系代词和连系动词，使之缩略为介
24、词短语作 后置定语。此外，若定语从句中含“有”动词（has, have, had）， 用介词with / without 取替定语从句中主语关系代词 和“有”动词，使定语从句缩略为介词 with / without 短语作后置定语。With 适用于肯定的定语从句； without 适用于否定的定语从句。,例如:He spoke to the girl (who was) from New York,例如： 1).The company wants men who have experience.The company wants men with experience. 2） My fathe
25、r went up to the woman who had a book under her arm. My father went up to the women with abook under her arm. 3）The teacher was looking for a rule that did not have an exception . The teacher was looking for a rule withoutan exception.,5、缩略为动词不定式短词 某些含情态动词或助动词的定语从句可缩略为动词不定式短语作后置定语。 例如： 1）You need so
26、meone who can look after you. 2) The way you should start the machine is to press the button . 3) There are still many obstacles that must be overcome. 4) The question which will be discussed tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased. 5) There are plenty of toys with which the children can
27、play .,； http:/ macd指标详解 cth70dwc 音如何，约略听到点风声，似乎跟井有关，恐怕不是什么正路好事，老太太没发话，便不敢多谈，静了静，明秀一根、一根的抚过戎琴弦，笑道：“五弟，宝音姑娘若在这里，必定也劝你从开初便小心些，后头可省多少麻烦。”苏含萩立即点头，叫过青翘训道：“少爷年轻不知事，你也不知吗？料你向来行事是端正细致的，这才派你到少爷屋里服侍，再过几个月官中算总帐了，要紧时候，这么大马虎眼你也不提点着！”嘴又快又甜的大丫头这时候也不敢快语、也不敢笑了，低头承训：“姑奶奶教训得是！”明秀恰在此时发出一个轻轻的诧异声，欢快道：“哎哟，我想到这琴怎么弹了！”众人注意力
28、都被她吸引过来，她取来明蕙手中那竹棍，去刮拨那琴弦。呀！原来这弦比中原的琴弦硬朗很多，手指拨上去，发音闷闷的，用硬竹棍拨，便立时的激越清昂起来，音势宏大，竟比琵琶还壮丽些。明秀即兴取琴谱之乐章，在戎琴上奏了一段，便是苏小横在窗边听得的隐隐乐声了。这段奏完，众人皆喝彩不已，明秀丢下竹棍，摇头笑道：“这戎器，响成这样！太失体统。”明柯忙道：“闻说戎境植被丰富、地势崎岖、房屋低陋，他们习惯露天生活，大概因此，乐器什么的都要响亮些吧！你想，朋友见面，动不动一个在高山上、一个在低谷里，弹个琴给对方听，轻了怎么听得见！”明蕙“吃”的笑出声来，以帕子掩住了嘴。苏含萩似笑非笑睇着明柯。明柯暗道不好，勾着头住了
29、嘴，苏含萩却过来，抚摩他的肩膀，上下看看，叹了一声：“你这猴儿。你这猴儿！偏是这些事上有聪明。我问你，你买琴的所在，是不是恪思阁？”这是锦城最负盛名的戎商铺。明柯脸上泛起佩服之色，垂手道：“是。”苏含萩又道：“那个阁里，据我所知，还从没卖过假货。阁主放话说，一个真正的商人，从真货上能赚到的钱，绝对比在假货上能赚到的多。是不是这样？”第十八章暗度戎琴成新赏（4）明柯眼里，已经有“士逢知己”的笑意：“姑姑知道得真多。”苏含萩便道：“你信他，所以就问都不多问。因你知道，这几年，连锦城眼力最辣、盘货最多的几个老爷叔们都盛赞他们信誉，你再小心，也不可能越过那几位爷叔去。若真千万分之一机会，证明了他们拿假货空手套白狼，爷叔们都上当了。那恪思阁商誉上的损失，比你买一件古董的损失还大。你前思后想清楚，既不必、也无谓跟他们斗眼力，所以索性懒一点，是么？”她滔滔分析完了，明柯腰杆骄傲的越挺越直，直得无可再直了，苏含萩猛的在他额角上戳一指头，把他打回原型：“可我宁愿你有时候别那么懒！憨一点儿勤一点儿呢！怕什么？你可知道真正学成大学问、成就大事的，都是有点憨劲儿的人！”明柯悚然一惊，颇有点儿悲伤的应道：“是！”苏含萩,
