1、Unit 5 first aid grammar 课时作业第一节（共 11 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 22 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFinding out what kind and how much physical activity you needHow do I do it?Its your choice. Pick an activity thats easy to fit into your life. Do at least 10 minutes of physical activity at a
2、time. Choose aerobic activities that work for you. These make your heart beat faster and can make your heart, lungs, and blood vessels fitter. Also, do strengthening activities which make your muscles do more work than usual.Why should I be physically active?Physical activity can make you feel stron
3、ger and more alive. It is a fun way to be with your family or friends. It also helps you improve your health.How many times a week should I le physically active?It is up to you, but it is better to spread your activity throughout the week and to be active at least 3 days a week.How do I build up mor
4、e physical activity?Do a little more each time. Once you feel comfortable, do it more often. Then you can trade activities at a moderate level for vigorous ones that take more effort. You can do moderate and vigorous activities in the same week.1. What is the main purpose of this text?A. To give ins
5、truction in physics study.B. To give advice on being physically active.C. To urge people to abandon bad living habits.D. To encourage students to be devoted to sports.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the advantage of being physically active?A. Making you earn more.B. Making your body he
6、althier.C. Making you feel more energetic.D. Making your muscles work more effectively.【答案】1. B 2. A【解析】本文提供了如何提高身体机能的建议，找出你需要什么种类和多少体能锻炼。1. 主旨大意题。根据文章的标题 Finding out what kind and how much physical activity you need 找出你需要什么种类和多少体能锻炼。得知本文写作目的是提供健身的建议。故选B。BHerbal medicine (草药), which has been used fo
7、r medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases- such as aller
8、gies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies (治疗) are
9、 more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of
10、 many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight-loss more effectively and improve overall health.However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements (营养品) would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a var
11、iety of ingredients (成分) and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).A point worth mentioning here is herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would
12、take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal product
13、s are often misleading and may contain additives (添加剂) and that are not listed on the label (标签). Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses (剂量 ). Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.3. What is the main i
14、dea of Paragraph 1?A. The origin of herbal medicine.B. The history of herbal medicine.C. The definition and function of herbal medicine.D. The naturally harmless characteristics of herbal medicine.4. How does the author explain the advantages of herbal medicine?A. By using examples.B. By making a co
15、mparison.C. By analyzing research statistics.D. By performing lots of experiments.5. What is the authors attitude towards herbal medicine?A. Negative. B. Disapproving.C. Unclear. D. Supportive.6. Which of the following will the author agree with?A. Choose safe herbal medicine freely.B. Take herbal m
16、edicine under the guidance of doctors.C. Use herbs together because the combination is more effective.D. Purchase herbal medicine from reliable manufacturers to ensure quality.【答案】3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B【解析】全球数百万人目前都在使用中草药健康疗法，很多人认为中草药疗法可以治疗各种疾病，例如过敏、哮喘、风湿性关节炎、偏头痛、慢性疲劳和癌症等等；但中草药行业没有监管，误用中草药或许并不安全。3. 推理判
17、断题。根据首段 Herbal medicine (草药), which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases.得知主要讲述了中草药的定义和用途。故选 C。4. 推理判断题。根据第二段 because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages.得知作者通过对比来解释中草药的优点的。故选 B。5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 When used correctly and direc
18、ted by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases.得知作者中草药的态度是支持的。 A. Negative. 否定的； B.Disapproving. 不同意的；C. Unclear. 不明确的； D. Supportive. 支持的。故选 D。6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases.得知中草药要在医生指导下服用。故选 B。【名师点睛】【答案定位】根据最后一段 W
19、hen used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases.得知作者中草药的态度是支持的。【推理关系】题干 What is the authors attitude towards herbal medicine?文章内容 When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases.【答案】herbs can help treat a variety of disea
20、ses D 选项 Supportive.CWhat do butterflies have in common with the human spirit? Meet Maggie, a middle-aged wife and mother who was about to find out.Maggie wasnt rich like a millionaire or poor in a manner of being homeless. She was living an average comfortable life. It was made even better when a b
21、aby girl came her way. She and her husband made sure their daughter had her needs met and they were still able to take a yearly vacation by the beach.Maggie was a partner in her husbands business. They both had a different set of duties and everything was in balance. One day a severe blow came to he
22、r husbands business, and over a three-year period the business dropped out of sight. Her husband had to totally reinvent himself and was eager to start a new business. She was happy for him and supported him fully, but still the money was not coming in.Maggie began to feel guilty that she wasnt cont
23、ributing with any kind of income. She began job-hunting and found filling out applications somewhat difficult, especially the part asking for job references. She was self-employed with her husband for almost 20 years, which seemed to mean nothing as she was never called for an interview.When she was
24、 job-hunting her mom became more ill than she had been and ended up in the hospital for a week. Once Maggies mom returned home she became her moms helper one day a week. She did everything that her mother was not able to do any more. Of course her mom would pay her for her lime and labor but she sti
25、ll felt she needed to find another source of income.One of the first applications she had filled out finally came through. She passed the interview and was told she was exactly what they were looking for. Although it was only part-time it was exactly what she wanted. It was important for her to be h
26、ome when her daughter arrived home from school.Within a few weeks, though, she received an e-mail saying that the company had changed the job into a full-time position so that she was not qualified. Maggie felt betrayed and felt she had been lied to. That evening she was alone at home. She welcomed
27、the aloneness and wanted to put herself in the bathtub to kill the lonely time.As she knew she would, Maggie began to cry, softly at first just from the sharp pain of being rejected. Three long years of struggle had finally overwhelmed her.When she was able to cry no more, she became worn out and ga
28、ve up. It was at that moment that a silent idea came to her: why not offer elderly people home care assistance? Using another talent for computers she printed off some flyers and cards and distributed them to her church, grocery stores and even placed a small ad in the newspaper. Within a week she h
29、ad procured two new customers. Now, even though shes not a CEO of a major company she feels happy and productive again.Before a butterfly can come out of its chrysalis (茧) it has to go through a lot of struggling. Each time it pushes out to escape, acids are being removed from its wings. If someone
30、were to come along and break the chrysalis open for it then the butterfly would die from those acids. Actually the struggle is necessary for the butterfly to survive. Then in the stillness, when the struggle is over, the butterfly can come out and share its beauty with the world.We as humans are not
31、 any different.7. What made Maggie feel guilty?A. That she couldnt afford her husbands vacation.B. That her husbands business failed because of her.C. That she had no means of helping support the family.D. That she prevented her husband from realizing his dream.8. When Maggie was job-hunting, she re
32、alized that .A. she had rich work experienceB. everything would be okay pretty soonC. there were few positions suitable for herD. she shouldnt have worked for her husband9. How did Maggie react hearing that the job had become a full-time position?A. She considered it unacceptable.B. She knew she was
33、 qualified for it.C. She became very angry with herself.D. She was so sad that she wanted to kill herself.10. What does the underlined word “procured” in Paragraph 9 mean?A. Recovered. B. Supported.C. Interviewed. D. Obtained.11. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?A. We should always have
34、faith in ourselves.B. Sadness, fear and anger are part of our life.C. Its important to prepare for the unexpected.D. Sometimes we must struggle for a better life.【答案】7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D【解析】蝴蝶和人的精神之间到底有哪些相同之处？一个中年妇女和她的母亲即将一起找到答案。每一只蝴蝶在破茧之前都有一段极其痛苦的经历，破茧才能成蝶，人类也一样。人类为了更好的生活，需要努力需要打拼。7. 细节理解题。根据
35、 Maggie began to feel guilty that she wasnt contributing with any kind of income.得知 Maggie 不能给家庭创造任何收入这让她很内疚。故选 C。8. 细节理解题。根据 She began job-hunting and found filling out applications somewhat difficult, especially the part asking for job references. She was self-employed with her husband for almost
36、20 years, which seemed to mean nothing as she was never called for an interview.得知Maggie 在找工作时发现几乎没有适合她的工作。故选 C。9. 细节理解题。根据 she received an e-mail saying that the company had changed the job into a full-time position so that she was not qualified. Maggie felt betrayed and felt she had been lied to.得
37、知当被通知面试成功的兼职工作被变成全职时，Maggie 有种被欺骗被背叛的感觉，觉得难以接受。故选 A。10. 词义猜测题。根据 Within a week she had procured two new customers得知 Maggie 在教堂发完传单、卡片甚至在报纸上刊登了小广告后，一个星期内她就有了两个顾客。A. Recovered. 恢复；B. Supported. 支持；C. Interviewed.面试； D. Obtained.获得。故选 D。11. 主旨大意题。根据最后两段得知蝴蝶需要经过痛苦的破茧之后才能成为蝴蝶，人类也一样。可以推断出本文的主旨大意是为了更好的生活，我
38、们需要努力需要打拼。故选 D。【名师点睛】5.D【解题剖析】此题属于主旨大意 中的（2）一一主旨类。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如 but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary 等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的
39、观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。答案需要看第二段的最后一句找主题句。【答案定位】根据最后两段得知蝴蝶需要经过痛苦的破茧之后才能成为蝴蝶，人类也一样。可以推断出本文的主旨大意是为了更好的生活，我们需要努力需要打拼。【推理关系】题干 What does the passage mainly want to tell us?文章内容（中心句）Before a butterfly can come out of its chrysalis (茧) it has to go through a lot of struggling.【答案】it has to go through a lot of
40、 struggling. D 选项 Sometimes we must struggle for a better life.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短义内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Water covers 70% of the Earth, but only 3% of it is clean and suitable for human consumption. Even if you live in an area with enough rainfall, using water requires ener
41、gy to process, pump, heat, re-pump, and reprocess it. _12_ Save water from your taps.Turn the tap off while you are brushing your teeth, shaving, washing your hands, doing dishes, and so on._13_ Get wet, and then turn off the water while you soap up. Turn it back on for long enough to wash away the
42、soap. _14_Take a timer, clock, or stopwatch into the bathroom with you and challenge yourself to cut down your showering time. You could even play music while in the shower and challenge yourself to cut down the number of songs it takes you._15_ Use wastewater from the bath, washing machines or dish
43、 washing on the garden.If possible, connect a pipe to the outlet on your machine to send the water outside onto your garden. When hand-washing dishes, rinse (冲洗) the dishes into a container, and empty the container into your garden._16_ Either pour it directly into the bowl. or use it to refill the
44、toilet tank when you flush.A. If youre not sure whether wastewater is suitable for plants, you can use it to flush (冲) your toilet.B. Not all toilets will be able to flush effectively with a reduced amount of water.C. Turn the tap off when you shower, too.D. Replace your clothes washing machine with
45、 a high-efficiency washer.E. Shave outside the shower, or turn off the shower while you shave.F. Take shorter showers.G. Fortunately, there are ways to save water for everyone.【答案】12. G 13. C 14. F 15. E 16. A【解析】虽然地球表面 70%被水覆盖，但是只要 3%的可饮用水，因此节约用水至关重要，本文提供了一些省水的好办法。12. 根据空格前一句 Even if you live in an
46、 area with enough rainfall, using water requires energy to process, pump, heat, re-pump, and reprocess it.得知净化水需要很复杂的过程，因此下一句：幸运的是，有一些人人可用的省水好方法。符合该处语境。故选 G。 13. 根据空格前 Turn the tap off 以及空格后 Get wet, and then turn off the water while you soap up. Turn it back on for long enough to wash away the soap
47、.得知打肥皂时关掉水管可以节约用水。前言后语同义词可以判断，故选 C。14. 根据下文的内容 challenge yourself to cut down your showering time.得知这里建议我们减少洗浴时间。根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词 cut down，推断出主题句。故选 F。15. 根据空格前面描述是洗浴时如何省水，得知这里建议不要在洗浴时刮胡子，或者关掉水再刮胡子。因此 E 项表示递进的关系。故选 E。16. 根据上一段建议用废水浇花等植物以及 Either pour it directly into the bowl. or use it to refill the toilet tank when you flush。也可以用废水来冲马桶。A 项起到衔接的作用。故选A。
