1、,Advantage & disadvantage,这种题型往往要求先说明一下某一事物或社会现象，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 说明事物现状 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 你对现状（或前景）的看法,说明利弊题型,利弊分析型作文,第一段：导言+优点。简述事物或现象并列举说明其优点。第二段：列举说明其弊端（注意以表转折的过渡词引导）。第三段：简要评论利弊关系或简述个人体会。,结构模式,利弊分析型作文,Model I,Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a sig
2、nificant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First -(的优点之一). Besides -（的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that -(的第一个缺点)To make matters worse,-(的第二个缺点) Through the above analysis, I
3、 believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to -(我的看法) (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, -(对前景的预测）,Nowadays, there is a
4、widespread concern over （the issue that） 作文题目. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题 . Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, 优点一 . And secondly 优点二. Just as a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, 讨 论议题 is
5、 no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, 缺点一. In addition, 缺点二_. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议 题 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the
6、讨论议题.,Model II,Positive and Negative Aspects of Computers,属于该模块的四级真题：,本题型的写作重点在:“advantages & disadvantages”，即利弊论述。,请看范文：The Positive and Negative aspects of Computers,利弊分析型作文,The Positive and Negative aspects of Computers,It is generally accepted that computers benefit human beings in many ways. Co
7、mputers are being used widely in the world today for the simplest reason that they are far efficient than human beings. Computers have much better memories and can store huge amounts of information, and they can do calculations in a fraction of the time taken by a human mathematician. In fact, compu
8、ters can do many of the things we do. They can pay wages, reserve seats on a plane, control machines in factories, etc.Nowadays,The Positive and Negative Effects of Computers (1),it is very convenient and economical to do anything on the internet. The globe will be like an office or home. This is th
9、e unprecedented charm of the computer. In short, computers have been making the whole world much more advanced and civilized than ever before.However, computers have been creating many problems. Firstly, viruses arise frequently, bringing great troubles to many people. Secondly, some computer “exper
10、ts” make huge amount of money by cheating a computer system, and they are very difficult to catch. What is more, some people transmit pornographic information or pictures on the Internet, which is harmful to young people.Despite their disadvantages, computers have brought us far more benefits than t
11、roubles.,The Positive and Negative Effects of Computers (2),Useful expressions: 1The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. 4It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would
12、 be foolish to claim that. 5For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6Like anything else, it has its faults. 7A and B has several points in common. 8A bears some resemblances to B. 9However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it
13、has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ., but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .,08.06四级考试作文题目： Recreational activities,提纲 1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2. 娱乐
14、活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3. 作为大学生我的看法此次作文难度适中，沿袭了往年的常考题型argumentation型，讨论某一主题的利弊。本次题目recreational activities涵盖面宽，因此考生可以把话题缩小到某一个范围，对于大学生而言，对于网络上的娱乐活动可能更有话可说，所以可以把这个很泛的话题限制在网络娱乐活动。而对于网上活动的利弊想必同学们都可以说出一二，好处比如能够开阔眼界、增长知识，弊端就是很容易上瘾，影响学习生活；而个人的看法就是用其精华弃其糟粕，即利用其好处，对不好的地方避而远之。,Sample1:Recreational Activities,21st
15、 century has brought with it an unprecedented variety of recreational activities ranging from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones, the latter of which is a great appeal to the young generation. So Id like to narrow my topic down to online recreationa
16、l activities. It goes without saying that various activities brought by modern technology have greatly broadened our horizon and brought much excitement to us. With access to the Internet, you can get to know people from any country in the world and you can talk with them, play games with them - a t
17、emptation very hard to resist, and even see them via web cam. The disadvantage, however, is that anyone who lacks self-control would very easily get lost and become addicted to the online world, which in turn might seriously affect their life, work and interpersonal relationships. As a college stude
18、nt, I think what really matters is to make better choice and exert more discipline. Wed better take advantage of good online recreational activities to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge. When it comes to those addictive, time-consuming and less meaningful activities, I think to sta
19、y away from them is a wise decision.,Sample2:Recreational Activities,In the era of information and technology, there are all kinds of recreational activities. Some people think those recreational activities are great and necessary, because they can help people relax from the hard work and study. Som
20、e of the activities, such as hiking, jogging, can help people relax physically; while some of them, such as surfing the Internet, can help people relax mentally.However, some people think that so many kinds of recreational activities may have a bad effect on our lives. Some people may not resist som
21、e temptations from those activities, and indulge themselves in those activities. At last they are lured away from their study or their work.In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them. Meanwhile, we should learn how to us
22、e those activities positively, and make them a helpful tool for our development.,Sample3:Recreational Activities,With the development of living standard, people spend more time on various forms of recreational activities. People can do sports, sing karaoke, go dancing, go to the movies, play video g
23、ames or online games, or surf the Internet. Recreational activities are good to peoples health, both physically and mentally. Sports and dancing can keep people fit. Singing karaoke, playing video games or online games can satisfy peoples imagination. Surfing the Internet can bring people a lot of i
24、nformation and knowledge. However, recreational activities might be harmful if people are addicted. Spending too much time on recreational activities will seriously influence peoples normal lives, especially work and study. Therefore, people will benefit from recreational activities only if they tak
25、e part in them properly.,In-class practice: 上网（surf the Internet)已成为越来越多人生活的一部分，请谈谈上网的利弊,Surf the InternetWith the development of science and technology, internet plays a more and more important role in our life. There are a lot of advantages using internet, among which the following are the most ob
26、vious in my mind. First, The convenience internet bringing to us is self-evident. We can easily get access to various kinds of information and know whats going on around the world staying at home. Second, internet makes our life more colorful and wonderful. We can watch movie, TV, and play games as
27、we like. It helps us to relax whenever we need to. Third, internet is time-saving and energy- saving. We dont have to spend so much time in the library or market as we used to do; neither do we have to search from piles of books to find out a piece of information we needwe hand it to internet. But e
28、very coin has two sides: there is no exception for internet. More and more people take advantage of internet to cheat others, and cybercrime is increasing rapidly. Besides, many people are addicted to internet, resulting in great harm. Yet we cant go without internet. Then we should make good use of
29、 it and try to avoid its side effects.,Owning a Private Car,1. 目前，有越来越多的人拥有私家车； 2. 拥有私家车的利与弊； 3. 结论。,Practice : Private Cars,写成4段的首段写法： 1.In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. Peoples attitude toward private cars varies widely. 2. With the
30、increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, peoples opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply. 3. In recent few years, the pheno
31、menon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. Peoples views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely. .,写成3段的首段写法： With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of peoples living standard, more an
32、d more people can own private cars. cars are entering ordinary families. the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言),支持段的主题句： Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there a
33、re some advantages of owning a private car. There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely. 支持段的分论点： 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation. 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/
34、 sand storm. 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a persons social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.,否定段的主题句： However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides. While enjoying the convenience that pri
35、vate cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make. Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits. However, private cars are n
36、ot without shortcomings/ faults. Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced. Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they br
37、ing could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences,否定段的分论点： 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space. 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen. 污染环境 Whats more/In addition, privat
38、e cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air. 注意：所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的，就是比较superordinate的词；而下义词就是具体的东西，即subordinate的东西。,第四段（总结段）的写法： Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above
39、 problem, Im sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved. Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us. Whether the private cars are a bles
40、sing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated. Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our
41、 transportation, our leisure and our life.,Sample1:,Nowadays ， there are more and more people owning private cars. On the one hand， some wealthy people who either are the boss of the private company or the white-collar managers in big companies have their private cars. On the other hand， some young
42、people who are future-minded buy private cars ahead of their income by loans from banks. Is it a good or bad thing to have a private car? Just as a coin has two sides ， so there are both advantages and disadvantages of having a private car. So far as its advantages are concerned， there are two examp
43、les for this. First ， it plays a very important part in providing its owner with convenience， enabling the owner to go where he wants to quickly and easily. Second， it can help its owner to save a lot of time which may be wasted by waiting for other vehicles. However， it also has its disadvantages .
44、 For one thing， it will have a negative effect on both the crowded traffic system and the environment in the long run. For another， it places burden on the public utility in providing more parking lots. In short ， owning a private car has both its advantages and disadvantages. It is advisable that w
45、e should pay much attention to the environmental protection by not having a private car if we have little or no practical use of the private car.,Sample2:,With the fantastic spur both in industry and in economy in China, the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Some people have boug
46、ht cars of their own, and others are planning to buy cars. But there have been two quite different views on this phenomenon.Some claim that there are many advantages brought about by cars. First, the automobile industry provides jobs for countless workers and strong support for other industries. Sec
47、ond, if conditions permit, owning a car can make us work more efficiently. Finally, life will become more convenient. A car allows one to move freely and with a car there is no need to wait for the bus in the cold or under the burning sun.However, others strongly object to the increase in developing
48、 private cars. They hold that automobiles will give rise to a series of problems. In the first place, as more and more cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Next, private c
49、ars contribute to traffic congestion so greatly that the advantages gained in comfort and freedom are often cancelled out by the frustration caused by traffic jams. The last problem is the increasing number of car accidents that have killed and will kill a lot of people in a friction of a second.In
50、my opinion, although automobiles have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of our society, they also bring us numerous troubles such as more serious environmental pollution, more traffic accidents and more angrgy consumption. They drink up huge amounts of fuel and throw out huge amounts of pollutants. Traffic accidents kill thousands and thousands of people each year and cripple more. Jams waste our precious time. Therefore I am against developing private cars.,
