1、名词的分类 可数名词的复数变化 不可数名词的计量表示 名词的所有格,名词,名词的分类,总的来说专有名词:个别的人、事物、地点等 Gina China Paris 注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写普通名词:除专有名词外的其它名词,名词的分类,按所表示事物的性质可数名词 可数名词有单复数形式:a pen , three pens不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数形式,可借助表示“单位”的词来表示量的多少,可数名词的复数变化,一般情况下直接在后面加-s computercomputers mobilemobiles以s,x,ch,sh结尾的在后面加-es glassglasses box boxes
2、watch watches wish wishes,可数名词的复数变化,“o”: “元音字母+o”结尾直接加-s radio radios zoo zoos “辅音字母+o”结尾一般加-es potato potatoes tomato tomatoes 特别地,缩写词和外来词后面直接加-s kilo(kilogram) kilos photo(photograph) photos piano(外来词,意大利语) pianos,可数名词的复数变化,“y” “元音字母+y”结尾直接加-s holiday holidays boy boys “辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i加-es family fa
3、milies city cities country countries,可数名词的复数变化,以f或fe结尾的,一般变f/fe为v加-es leaf leaves knife knives half halves 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(myself)黄, 妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)上山岗, 架(shelf)后蹿出一只狼(wolf), 好像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。注意:有少数这类名词直接加-s: roof roofs以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的词直接加-s price prices case cases orange oranges,可数名词的复数变
4、化,不规则名词的复数变化 child children man men policeman policemen woman women Englishman Englishmen(但German Germans) foot feet tooth teeth 个别名词单复数同形 sheep deer fish Chinese Japanese,别给它们的外表骗了,虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有: 科学,学科名字:Physics, Maths ,politics 专有名称:Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) 其他名词:news(消息,新闻)I think physics _ the mos
5、t difficult subject to learn.A. is B. am C. be D. are,常见不可数名词,中、日友好: Chinese-Chinese中国人, Japanese-Japanese日本人 英、法联盟: Englishman-Englishmen Englishwoman-Englishwomen Frenchman-FrenchmenFrenchwoman-Frenchwomen 澳、加(真)美:Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians , American-Americans,5.特殊变化的名词。 (1)man wom
6、an policemanEnglishman FrenchmanGerman Germany (2)foot tooth goose (3)child 6.单数和复数同形的名词(中日人民爱吃鱼鹿羊)Chinese Japanese sheep fish deer 7.只有复数没有单数的名词。 people , police , glasses, clothes, trousers, shorts, socks, scissors 注意:people:_ peoples:_,可数名词的复数形式,men,women,policemen,Englishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,fe
7、et,teeth,geese,children,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish,deer,人们,民族,名词词组变复数情况:,两个名词组成的名词词组常在最后一个名词后加-s。,如:girl students boy friends twin sisters apple trees,但如果前面一个名词是man或woman时前后两个名词都要变复数。,如:waman doctor women doctorsman teacher men teachers,完成中考宝典P26第一题第二小题,不可数名词的计量表示,不能直接在不可数名词前加数词,但可以借助表示“单位”的词来表示a c
8、up of tea a glass of milk two pieces of news three pieces of bread four bags of rice,两面派,在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词,又可以作可数名词。但它们的意思往往也不大相同,特别注意。 例如 作不可数名词 作可数名词 room 空间 房间 glass 玻璃 玻璃杯;镜子;眼镜 orange 橙汁 橙子 chicken 鸡肉 小鸡 time 时间 次数;时代 paper 纸张 报纸;试卷 work 工作 著作,作品,1. Would you help me move the table in?-But ther
9、e is not enough_ for it.A. place B. floor C. room D. ground 2. You always find a(n) _ when you do something wrong- I am sorry. Ill try to stop doing that. A. excuse B. trouble C. luck D. help 3. Lucy, do you like _?Yes. Most of my clothes are _.A. an orange; an orange B. orange; orangeC. oranges; or
10、anges D. oranges; an orange,exercise,不同意思时的区别,不同意思时,可以表示可数名词,也可以表示不可数名词chicken chickens(“小鸡”可数,“鸡肉”不可数) fish fish/fishes(“鱼”“鱼的种类”可数,“鱼肉”不可数) paper papers(“试卷”“论文”可数,“纸张”不可数) orange oranges(“橘子”可数,“橙汁”不可数),名词的所有格,单数名词或词尾没有-s的复数名词,直接在词后加-s Toms bag, Womens Day, Chinas capital以-s结尾的复数名词或单数名词,直接在词后加- T
11、eachers Day, the boys football, Ross bag并列名词的所有格有两种情况:一种表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加-s Kate and Joans room 一种表示分别所有,则在每个名词词尾加-s Kates and Joans rooms,名词的所有格,表示无生命的事物的名词,一般用of结构来表示所属关系 the map of China, the legs of table双重所有格 用of结构与名词所有格-s结合构成双重所有格 a friend of my mothers, one book of his brothers 用of结构加名词性物主代词
12、构成双重所有格 a pen of mine, a neighbour of his,不可数名词的用法,1) 不能与 a / an或者数字 连用,没有复数形式,表示特指某物时可与定冠词the连用 2)不可数名词的量:借助数量词来表示一定数量,即“数词+ 量词+of+名词”来表示,注意:量词有数的变化。 常见的量词有:piece, cup, bag, bottle, glass, box, bowl , plate , set , kind,试试看!,1.两块面包 2.三块肉 3.四瓶橙汁 4.五碗米饭 5.六袋米 6.七杯茶 7. 八杯牛奶 8. 九篮橙子 9. 十箱梨,two pieces o
13、f breadthree pieces of meatfour bottles of orangefive bowls of ricesix bags of riceseven cups of teaeight glasses of milknine baskets of orangesten boxes of pears,【中考题,so easy!】 -How many _are there in the kitchen? -only two. A. bag of rice B. bags of rice C. bags of rices-Would you like some tea? -
14、 No thanks, I have drunk two _. A. bottle of orange B. bottles of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottle of oranges,3) A.修饰可数名词和不可数名词的数量词有:some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of等。 B) 只用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有:much, a great deal of, a bit, quite a little, little,等。 1. The doctor told me to eat more _ because
15、its good for my health. A. orange B. vegetables C. ice cream D. fish 2.山西Lets get some _about tourism on the internet. A. information B. message C. invention,注意以下不可数名词,O9河北 The news _very interesting! Tell me more! A. is B. are C.were D. was在汉语中常被用作可数名词,而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词,如: fun ,work ,advice ,weather ,
16、homework ,news ,money ,information ,bread ,hair ,chalk ,furniture 等。,名词可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如: 鞋厂 shoe factory , 邮局 post office, 晚报 eveningpaper , 夜校 night school 法律学校 law school 但也有例外,如: 男/女教师men/women teachers 运动会 sports meeting,名词也兼职 (名词作定语),学以致用,1、Here come three _.A. man teacher B. men
17、 teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers Near our school there are three _.A. toy factory B. toy factories C. toys factory D. toys factories,集体名词,1.The family _ having lunch. 2.The class _ having _ English class. 3.The people _ singing. 4.The police _ running after the thief.表示由若干个体组成的集合体的名词,如family
18、;class,team, police,group,army, enemy。 做主语时,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数 若强调个体成员,谓语动词用复数。,are,are,an,are,are,Learning grammar through proverbs. 名词所有格,A mans story is no story, hear both sides. 兼听则明,偏信则暗。 Children are the parents riches. 子女是父母的财富。 A proverb is one mans wit and all mens wisdom. 名言是一个人的聪明,是所有人的智慧。 A
19、strong man will struggle with storms of fate. 强者搏击命运的风暴。,有生命的名词所有格,1) 单数名词所有格,则在词尾加 :_如:the girls bike/ the teachers desktodays newspaper/ Mothers Day等 2)以s结尾复数名词所有格,则在词尾加 :_如:the girls bikes/ the teachers office 3)不以s结尾的复数名词,则在词尾加: s 妇女节 Womens Day 人民公园 the Peoples Park,s,有生命的名词所有格,September 10th i
20、s _Day. A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teachers D. TeachersMarch 8th is _Day. A. Woman B. Womans C. Women D. Womens,省略名词,4)表示店铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆或公共建筑等的名词所有格,其后名词常省略。 例如: 我的妹妹经常到我叔叔家去。 My sister often goes to my uncles. 你脸色不好,最好去看病。 You look ill. Youd better go to the doctors.,5)被名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提出到过,一般可以省略。 例
21、如: 我正在用我的字典,你可以用汤姆的。 I am using my dictionary. You can use Toms. 我们的寝室比迪克的大得多,Our bedroom is much larger than Dicks.,6) 09贵州 This is _ A. a book of Mary B. books of Mary C. books of Marys D. a book of Marys双重所有格的结构: of + 名词所有格 我妈妈的一张照片 a picture of my mothers of + 名词性物主代词 他/她/我的一个朋友a friend of his/h
22、ers/mine,08广东梅州 _mothers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Kate B. Peters and Kates C. Peter and Kates D. Peters and Kate7) 两人共有的人或物,在后一个人名后加s, 两人分别拥有的,则在两人名后加s.,无生命东西的名词的所有格,一般使用与of构成的短语结构。 例如: 屋子的门 the door of the house我们教室前面的墙上有一幅世界地图。 There is a map of the world on the front wall of our
23、 classroom.,但是 表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等名词的所有格也用 s 例如: 十分钟的走路路程 ten minutes walk ; 十里的旅程ten miles journey ; 三米的距离 three metres distance;a boats length ; ten pounds weight ; ten dollars worth; Chinas capital,09 重庆 -How far is your cousins home from here? -Its about two _drive. A. hours B. hours C. h
24、ours D. hour Have you read _? A. todays B. today paper C. the todays paper D. todays paper,有连字符号“-”的复合名词作定语,08年清远 He told me he would have _holiday. A. a two-month B. a two-months C. two months D. two-months 有连字符号“-”的复合名词中,名词不用改成复数形式。 He told me he would have a two-month holiday. = He told me he would have two months holiday.,