1、名词,中考语法复习,分类A： 分为专有名词和普通名词 1.专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点，团体或机构的专有名称（首字母要大写） 例：China 中国 the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 注意： （1）专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城) （2）姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。,2.普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称 分为四类： 1. 个体名词（Individual Nouns）doctor, hou
2、se 2. 集体名词（Collective Nouns）class, family 3. 物质名词（Material Nouns）milk, water 4. 抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）victory, happiness,名词的功能：1.The bag is in the desk.（主语） 2.I washed my clothes yesterday.（宾语） 3.This is a good book. （表语） 4.We made him monitor.（宾补） 5.Mary lives with her parents.（介宾） 6.He is a Party me
3、mber. （名词短语作状语）,名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。,名词分类B:可数名词（Countable Nouns） 不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）,名词的复数变化： 1. +s （boyboys ，tabletables） 2. s , x , sh , ch结尾+es. （classclasses , boxboxes） 3. 4个以o结尾的词+es。其余加s （heroes , negroes ,tomatoes，potatoes）radios, photos 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加es （citycitie
4、s, partyparties） 。 （以元 音字母加y结尾的直接加s， boyboys） 5. 以f或fe结尾的名词,变ves （shelfshelves , wolfwolves , lifelives , knifeknives） roofs例外,7. 名词复数的不规则变化： （1）childchildren footfeet toothteeth mousemice manmen womanwomen an Englishmantwo Englishmen （2）单复同形 deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，除人民币yuan，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式
5、。如: three pounds, two dollars; （3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 people police 表复数 （单数 ：a person，a policeman） （错误： a people，a police）,（4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词 1.maths，politics，physics等学科名词， 为不可数名词，是单数。 2.news不可数名词。 （5) 表示由两部分构成的东西， glasses眼镜 trousers 长裤 clothes 衣服 表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双) a pair of glasses two pairs of
6、trousers （6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思 goods 货物 fishes 各种鱼,定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外： （1) 用复数作定语。 sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 （2) man, woman作定语时，其单复数以所 修饰的名词的单复数而定。men workers women teachers （3) 有些原有s结尾的名词作定语时，s保留。 goods train (货车) clothes brush （衣刷） （4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词保留单数形式。 a ten
7、-mile walk （十里路） a five-year plan. (一个五年计划),不同国家的人的单复数,单复同形an结尾+s man结尾，变men,Chinese ， JapaneseIndian(s), Italian(s), American(s), German(s)Frenchman, Englishman,fish; food; fruit; drink; meat; advertisement; culture; language; (with c. n. Japanese（单复数同行）,With count nouns.,a ; the; some; any this; t
8、hat; these; those none; one; two; three many; a lot of; lots of a large (great) number of a (few) fewer than more than plenty of,With non-count nouns.,the; some; any this; that none much (usually in negatives or questions) a lot of; lots of a large amount of (a) little less thanmore thanplenty of,名词
9、所有格 1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其 构成法如下： (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。 Childerns Day, my sisters book, (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词只在词尾加。 Teachers Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. todays newspaper, ten minutes break,ten minutes walk 名词的双重所有格,物主代词不可与： a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any,
10、 several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。 公式为： “a, some, this等+名词+of +名词性物主代词 名词所有格” some books of Katesa friends of my fathersanother new watch of his,1、主语是名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语单三： The computer was a great invention.The water in the glass is very cold. 2、集体名词(family, class, t
11、eam, group, police, school )做句子主语时,（1） 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式, eg：His family is large. （2）如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语复数 eg:His family are all teachers. 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。 There is a sheep in the yard. There are some sheep in the yard.,主谓一致,4、 there be 句型，eitheror或者neithernor，no
12、t only .but also连接两 个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。 Either you or he is right.5、用bothand连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数。 Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow. 6、with, along with, together with, as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is right about it. she along with her friends is making cards now.,7、表示一段时
13、间或距离或钱数的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。 Two months is not a short time Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.8. 主语中含有half of / three quarters of /all (of) the 等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确 定 Over three fourths of the information on the Internet is in English. 9. population一词又有特殊情况： Whats the population of China?(强调数
14、字） Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(强调人),fish的问题： 指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼； fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。 如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)I prefer fish to meat. (与肉相比我更喜欢鱼),主谓一致,对于由and连接的并列主语，前面有each; every; many; a; no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。e.g. Each boy and
15、 each girl was congratulated.Every hour and every minute is important.No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 补充：e.g. The time of days and weeks is so small.,补充：e.g. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, was visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. a number of + c. n.复+ 复数
16、v.the number of + c. n.复+ 单数v. e.g.A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.The number of the visitors has increased this year.,each; one; much; (a) little; either; neither; another; the other; (something; nobody; everything; anything)等不定代词谓语动词单数e.g.Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new
17、 hat.Neither plan suits me.Is everybody here?There was nothing special.Nobody knows the answer to the question.Someone wants to see you.Something strange has happened. 注意：The old workers each have their own tools.The students each have a look.,主谓一致典型例句,1. The writer and speaker (gives) a speech on C
18、hinese culture in her hometown now. 2. The streets to the lecture hall (are) crowded with her fans. 3. The police (help) people enter the hall. 4. One of her fans (is) so crazy that he with his friends (is) waiting for three hours there. 5. Though three hours (is) very long, each of them still (feel
19、s) happy.,( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers , ( ) 2 This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him ( ) 3 The post card is sent by _. A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends ( )
20、4. _ face the sea. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room ( ) 5. In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years ( ) 6. Its about _ walk from my house. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D.
21、 ten minutes,( ) 1 She was very happy. She_ in the math test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _are_ for cutting things. A. Knife/used B
22、. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave,( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He
23、gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a,( ) 1. -Would you like_ tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A- any,
24、bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3. It really took him_ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. lon
25、g time D. some time ( ) 4. I would like to have_. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks,( ) 1 Joan is_. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister ( ) 2 There are five_ in our factory. A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 3. -How many _ have you got on your farm? -Ive got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. Chicken ( ) 4. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies,
