1、非谓语动词,Non-predicate Verbs,高三英语总复习,非谓语,不定式（to do),分词,动名词（-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),- Ing形式,一：构成,-ed形式,1.谓语动词：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）,二 ：谓语动词与非谓语动词,判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法,She got off the bus, _ (leave) her handbag on her seat. 2. She got off the bus, but _ (leave)
2、her handbag on her seat.,leaving,left,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有 连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和 非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。,The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room. 2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book. 3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed. 4. The question _ (dis
3、cuss) at the meetingyesterday is of great importance. 5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.,opened,reading,Work,discussed,To improve,三 ：非谓语动词的句法作用,1 The teachers sitting there arefrom other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,3 We
4、need to be active in class.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,4. To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you. 5. I want to see you.6. I want him to see you. 7. My hope is to see you.8. He is the man to see you.9. Im glad to see you.10. I went to see you.11. He went so early as to see you.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表
5、语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,12.Swimming is his favorite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favorite sport is swimming. 16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.,(作主语),(作宾语),(作宾补),(作表语),(作状语),(作定语),动词不定式,一. 动
6、词不定式的基本构成,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,to have been doing,1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生用一般时态1) He wanted _ (see) you.2) I hope _(see) you again.2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态When I came in, he pretended (read) a book. 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时He
7、 is said _ (write) a novel last year. 4. 强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去时，用完成进行式She is said (work) on the problem for many years.,to see,to see,to be reading,to have written,to have been working,二.不定式时态的用法,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态 It is an honor for me _(ask) to speak here . She asked _ (send) to work i
8、n Tibet . The book is said _ (translate) into English.,to be sent,to have been translated,三.不定式被动语态的用法,to be asked,1. Tom happened _ (pass) by when they spoke ill of him.2. We all hope _ (become) scientists.3. We all want _ (take) part in the sports meet.4. I happened _ (read) the article when he as
9、ked me about it.5. He pretended _ (be) a driver. 6. When the father came home, the naughty boy pretended _ (do) his homework.,to be passing,to become,to take,to have read,to be,to be doing,7. He is said to _ (write) a novel now.,be writing,8. He is said _ (send) to London already. 9. She is said _ (
10、meet) a fairy one day. 10. Alice is said _ (do) her homework in her own room now. 11. I dont expect them _ (wait) for me when I arrived there so late. 12. These boys are said _ (praise) for doing goods deeds.,to have been sent,to have met,to be doing,to be waiting,to be praised,动词不定式,To do that sort
11、 of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,1.作主语,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time is your
12、fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour _ (get )there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ (help) the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ (spend ) our holiday in the mountains,to get,to help,to spend,四. 动词不定式的句法作用,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is
13、 + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的 ）,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor _ us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind _ you to give me some help. Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.,for,for,of
14、,of,常见动词有：,2.作宾语,I want to know this matter.,like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等,I dont expect to meet you here.,1).,接不定式做宾语,1 I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.
15、My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) whenshe was in her twenties. 3. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand,to go,to dance,to give,2). find /feel/think/supposeit+adj.+to do sth.,1. 不定式与动名词无区别start begin continue 注意 下列情况中begin和start后须接不定式 主语是物不是人Spring came on, and the snow began to melt. begin和start用于进行时
16、态Its beginning to snow. 后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：understand, realize, knowI began to realize how stupid I was. 后接不定式被动式The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.,注意下列动词,begin start continue,+,to do doing,2. 不定式与动名词区别细微后接动名词表示经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、习惯等，后接不定式表示具体的特定的某一次动作I like _ (swim) in summer.I
17、 didnt like _ (swim) that day.,swimming,to swim,like love hate prefer learn,+,to do doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,try mean stop go on cant help,+,to do doing,Exx. The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (talk). She tried _ (read), but couldnt make her forget her trouble. He forgot even _ (wr
18、ite) to me, so he wrote another one. I remember _ (bring) the book to you last week. I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice.,6. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces. 7. Go on _ (do) the other exercise after youhave finished this one. 8. Though it began to rain, they went on _
19、(get)In the crops on the field.,talking,reading,writing,bringing,to tell,liberating,to do,getting,3.作表语,注意一致性,_(do) two things at a time is to do neither,_ (see) is to believe.,To do,To see,主语中含有实义动词do时,这时不定式可省略to,All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.,4）作定语：,sth.,须放在所修饰的名词或代词后。I have a
20、meeting to attend.,不定式为vi.时，其后应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?,to do(动作执行者是主句的主语） to be done (动作执行者不是主句的主语）,I have some clothes to wash./to be washed.,一般修饰将要去做的事,She has a lot of work to do in the morning.,There be句型中不定式to do和
21、to be done都可表 被动，可以不区别。There are a lot of things to do/to be done thisafternoon. Mr. Smith，I have some questions_ (ask).Please give me some books_ (read).Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？,to be sent,to ask,to read,the first /last /best /only to do（主动式）,Im hungry. Get me som
22、ething_ (eat). He will show you the right path_ (take). Those who have questions _ (ask) put up your hands. The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have been here.,to eat,to take,5. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cantgo with us. 6. We have a composition _ (write). 7. He tol
23、d me about the things_ (discuss)at the next meeting. 8. They have paid for the house _(build)next year.,to ask,to be sent,to do,to write,to be discussed,to be built,表目的：in order（not）to doso as (not) to do 不能放在句首（not )to do He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch c
24、hain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：To save money, every means has been tried.To save money, he has tried every means.To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.,5）作状语：,表结果：,so as to do sth. such as to do sth. adj/adv+ enough to do sth. too to do sth. only to
25、do sth.,He hurried to school only to find it was Sunday.,To be honest/To tell you the truth/To be frank To speak frankly To make things worse To strart/begin with To be exact To make a long story short,独立成分（单独使用）：,6）作宾语补足语： 带to 的动词 sb. to do sth. 不带to 的动词 sb. do sth.(但改为被动语态 时，不定式要加to) 一感：feel + sb
26、+ do sth. 二听: hear, listen to 三使役: let, make, have 五看: see, watch, look at, observe, notice 半帮助：help sb. (to )do sth. Eg. Teacher made him do that again and again.He was made to do that again and again.,不能用此结构的。sb.to do sth. (hope,demand,suggest,agree,refuse,inform,arrange there to be Eg. The headma
27、ster declared there to be a meeting.,一. 动名词的基本构成,动名词,We are interested in _(play) football. He is afraid of _(leave) at home. I am sorry for not _(keep) my promise. The house showed some signs of _(destroy).,playing,being left,having kept,having been destroyed,二.动名词的作用,1. 作主语,Seeing is believing.,Re
28、ading newspapers can increase our knowledge.,no useno goodno fun Its + a shame + doinga waste of time/moneyuselessdangerous There is no + doing.=Its impossible to do sth., 动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作,To do morning exercises today is not good for health. Doing morning exercises every day is good
29、forhealth.,To smoke here is dangerous.Smoking is not a good habit.,to do 表示具体的动作-ing 表示泛指的动作Her work is _( look ) after the children. My aim is _( go ) to Tsing Hua University. One of my bad habits is _(bite )nails.,2.作表语,3. 作宾语, S. + vt.+ doing,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid mis
30、s delay/postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind,prefertolook forward tobe used toput offgive upS. + keep on + doing
31、succeed incant helpfeel likebe busybe worthhave difficulty/trouble/problem (in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S. + v. + prep. + doing,主动表被动:,wantneedSth. + require+ doingbe worth doing,to be done,Most of them objected to_ (leave) in such a hurry. 2. These men have devoted themselves to _ (train)young man in order to
32、 set the worlds record. 3. How about Li Ming _ (help) you with the job. 4. The mother warned her son against _ (fight)with other boys. 5. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ (catch). 6. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying somethingthey dont really need. 7.
33、 While were developing agriculture and industry we must prevent earth _ (pollute).,leaving,training,helping,fighting,being caught,being persuaded,being polluted,动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。e.g. a washing machine = a machine which is used for washing a reading room= a room which is used for readi
34、ng,4. 作定语,5.动名词的复合结构,1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: _late made her teacher angry. _was a great encouragement to us._wont be of much help. 2).宾格代词 / 名词普通格+ 动名词 在句中作宾语:Im sure of _on time. He has never heard of _a pilot. I dont mind_.She hates_. 3). 名词普通格+ 动名词 在句中作主语:物主代词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: Do you mind_? Do
35、 you mind _your paper?,Marys coming,my smoking,his reading,Their coming to help,Roses going,young people (them) smoking,Jack (him) leaving,a woman being,him coming,Anyone smoking here will be fined.,1.他杰克没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。,to the station on time made all of us worried.,HisJacks not getting,2.我杰克现在离开
36、你介意吗？,Do you mind now?,mymeJack leaving,3.学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。,well will help them to learn French,The students knowing English,4.我记得汤姆去过那里。,I remember there,Tom going,5.你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。,I would appreciate back this afternoon,your calling,6.玛丽坚持要我看信。,Mary insisted on the letter,my reading, _ in an at
37、mosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The girls being educated D. The girl to be educated Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a c
38、hance,C,A, I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make I would appreciate _ it a secret. A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep He insisted on the windows _ open w
39、hile he was sleeping. A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be left,B,A,B,6.The road _ caused us to be for our work for half an hour. A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked 7.The concerned mother was thrilled at the news of his son _ to college. A. had been admitted B. admitted C. havi
40、ng been admitted D. having admitted,D,C,doing,having done,being done,having been done,done,一 .分词的概述,分词：Participles,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.,时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,developing country, boiling water develop
41、ed country, boiled water,The building _is our library. _, the question was solved. As we visited the village, we saw new houses_.,_off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. _his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,被动式：,完成式：,being repaired,Having being discussed,being put up,Havin
42、g turned,Not having received,1、作定语,（1）前置定语,He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。,（2）后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。如：,The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.,二、分词的作用,The bridge built last month needs repai
43、ring.,Those who wish to join the club should sign here,Those wishing to join this club should sign here.,The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.,The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.,2、作宾语补足语,see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, sb. +doing/donehave,
44、 get 等词,I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。,A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English .,a.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别,3、作状语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,(Seein
45、g/seen) from the top of the tower, we can seea beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt helpcrying. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.,I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,When theyheard the bad news,b. 分词作状语相当于状语从句,
