1、第一章 信函 (Correspondence),. Objective Students should be able to: get to know the basic knowledge of practical Englishletters. (2) get to know structure of a letter. (3) get to know how to write private letters (4) get to know how to write private business letter,1.1 英文书信的基本知识 (Basic Knowledge of Prac
2、tical English Letters),1.1.1 英文书信的写作通则 (The General Rules of English Letter Writing),1Complete,2Clear,3Concise,4Correct,5Courteous,1.1.2 信封 (Envelope),英文信封的写法有并列式(Blocked Form)和斜列式(Indented Form)两种,1. 并列式(Blocked Form),2 斜列式 (Indented Form),3 说明语,Personal Private Ordinary Mail Immediate (Urgent) Reg
3、istered (Reg.) Express By (Via) Air Mail Confidential Secret Top Secret Printed Matter With Parcel (Packet ) Local 本,4. 如果信件不是通过邮寄，而是托某人转交，则信封上不写收信人的地址，只在收信人名称之下写：,By Politeness of By Kindness of Through the Courtesy of Per Kindness of Per Favor of Favored by Favor by，加上带信人的姓名，,例如：,Prof. Thomas Silv
4、er By Kindness of Dr. William Snow 敬请威廉斯诺博士转交 托马斯西尔教授 收,如果不写出带信人的姓名，则只需在收信人姓名之上写：PleaseForward, 例如： Please Forward Mr. James Pea,1.2 书信的构成 (Structure of a Letter),1.2.1 英文书信的主要组成部分 (Basic Structure of a Letter),1. Heading 信端,2. Date 日期,3. Inside Address 收信人姓名、地址（信内地址）,4. Salutation 称呼,5. Reference /
5、 Subject Heading 编号/主题,6. Body of the Letter 正文,7. Complimentary Close 结束语,8. Signature 签名,9. Postscript 再启,10. Enclosure 附件,斜列式：Indented Form,并列式：Block Form,1.2.2 Explaining,1. 信端 (Heading),(1) The heading is usually arranged into separate lines.,例如： Xinhua Bookstore the name 122 Zhongshan Road the
6、 number of your house and the name of the street Chongqing, 400700 the village, town or city, the county / stateand the postcode P.R. China the country if the letter is to be sent abroad,(2) Words “St .” is “street”, “Rd.”(Road), “Sq.”(Square), “Ave.”(Avenue), “Pl.”(Place.),2. 日期 (Date),American con
7、vention is month, day, and year, for example, “June 8, 2000” or “June 8th, 2000”, but the British convention is “8 June, 2000” or “8th June, 2000.”,3. 封内地址(Inside Address),a) To an individualMr. John AndersonPrincipal, Juliet Music School357 BroadwayNew York, NY10324,b) To an anonymous officialMarke
8、ting Manager Wan Wei Computer Company117 Haidian RoadBeijing, 100825,c) To the company itselfAlice Clothing company688 Rue RoadHong Kong,4. 称呼 (Salutation),Dear Mr. (or Mr. or Mrs. or Miss or Dr.) Johnson, Dear Professor/Prof. Xu, Dear Aunt Jane, Dear Tom / Jane,In business letter,Dear Sir / Madam:
9、Dare colleague: To whom it may concern:,5. 主题 (Reference / Subject Heading),a) As a phrase:Dear Mr. Smith, DRY CLEANING SERVICESThank you for your letter ,b) As a nameDear Sir,BLACK SMITH I am very pleased to write on behalf of Mr. Smith,c) As a number (usually your correspondents reference) which c
10、an be combined with the date of his letter:Dear Sir, YOUR LETTER WYC/ 1001, DATED 16 JUNE, 1999I have to inform you that ,6. 正文(Body of Letter),The body usually consists of three main parts: (1) introduction, (2) purpose, and (3) conclusion.,信件开头的一些常用语句,(1) I was glad to receive your letter of May 2
11、4 (2) With great delight I learn that (3) I have the pleasure to tell you that (4) I just received your kind letter. (5) As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious. (6) Your letter of Sunday arrived this morning. (7) I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. (8) Very many thanks for you
12、r kind letter. (9) I am very delighted and excited over your good news. (10) I was shocked to learn that (11) I have the pleasure to tell you that I got home safe and sound last night. (12) Please forgive me for not having replied to you earlier.,(13) Its already a week since you left home. (14) I a
13、m just writing a few lines to introduce a very good friend of mine, Mr. x x, who, I think, you might like to meet. (15) I am much obliged to you for your warm congratulations (16) Your letter gave me so much fun (great comfort). (17) First of all I must thank you for your kindness to me and for you
14、compliments.,信件结尾的一些常用语句,(With) best wishes to your father.祝你父亲好。 With very many thanks. With kindest loving regards. 顺致问候。 With fondest (best l) love. 祝好。 With many apologies for troubling you with this matter.麻烦之处，深感歉意。,My mother joins me in love you. 妈妈向你问好。 Much love to you and your family.祝你及全家
15、人好。 With kindest wishes from my family.我们全家祝你好。 With my sincere sympathy and condolences.特此表示衷心的同情和慰问。 All my best wishes for the future.祝你一切顺利。 Wish you every success in your future career. 祝你成功。 I am greatly obliged for you kind invitation.谢谢你的邀请，我十分感谢. May success and prosperity crown all your un
16、dertakings.祝你工作顺利，万事如意。 Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.希望你能尽快回信。Thank you for your past favor. 过去多亏你的照顾，十分感谢。With the seasons greetings.向你致以节日的问候。 With all good wishes for your restoration to health.祝你早日康复。,Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.希望能见到你。 Hope that you will do
17、me the favor of accepting this little gift.送上小小礼物，希望你喜欢。 I wish you a happy and merry Christmas and a very happy New Year! I am looking forward to the pleasure of welcoming your visit. 我高兴的期待你的来访。 Please notify me of the details, 请将详情告诉我。 A prompt reply, care of Mr. Green, will oblige.请格林先生立即转来回信。 P
18、lease present my kind respects to Mrs. Green. 请向格林夫人致意。 As to particulars, I will write to you more fully next time.详情下次再聊。 Regretting the inconvenience (trouble) caused to you.给你添麻烦了，深表歉意。,My mother joins me in love you. 妈妈向你问好。 Much love to you and your family.祝你及全家人好。 With kindest wishes from my
19、family.我们全家祝你好。 With my sincere sympathy and condolences.特此表示衷心的同情和慰问。 All my best wishes for the future.祝你一切顺利。 Wish you every success in your future career. 祝你成功。 I am greatly obliged for you kind invitation.谢谢你的邀请，我十分感谢. May success and prosperity crown all your undertakings.祝你工作顺利，万事如意。 Expectin
20、g to hear from you as soon as possible.希望你能尽快回信。 Thank you for your past favor. 过去多亏你的照顾，十分感谢。,7. 结束语 (Complimentary Close),Yours truly, Yours very truly, Very truly yours, Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Very sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Very faithfully yours, Yours respec
21、tfully, Respectfully yours, Very respectfully yours, Yours cordially, Cordially yours, Very cordially yours, Yours affectionately, Affectionately yours, Affectionately, Yours, As ever, Yours ever, Fondly, With love, Love,8签名 (The Signature),Yours sincerely, (Signature) (Miss) Mary Williams Managing
22、Director,9再启(Postscript, 缩写为P.S.),10附件(Enclosure, 缩写为Encl.或Enc.),1.3 私人书信 (Private Letters),私人书信可以分为家信(Family Letters)和朋友问候信(Letters to Friends)两种。私人书信的文体应该自然一些，口语化一些。,在写私人书信时，无论是家信还是朋友问候信都要注意以下几点：1即使是闲话家常的书信也要尽早说明自己写信的目的。2要尽量详细地叙述一下自己的近况。3若要提出事物的处理意见，应周全细致。4. 不要在私人书信中打官腔，说空话，否则，会伤害亲情或友情。5. 在这类书信中，呼
23、语一般较为亲切，常用Dear加上人名；结束语也可以用一些表示亲昵的表达法。如：Yours lovingly, Your own, Yours affectionately, Love, Your loving father等。,1.3.1家信 (Family Letters) 给父亲的信,朋友问候信 (Letters to Friends),最后列举一些私人书信中常用的语句： Its the first letter for me to you since you left home to begin your school life. Your mother and I are very h
24、appy to know your achievement in the competition. I want my letter is a source of joy and consolation, and with all my strength I desire for you a spirit well and calm. I am very well here with my friends and I hope you are the same at home. We always miss you! Your mother bought a gift for you, whe
25、n she knew your progress.,1.4 社交书信 (Letters of Social Manners),1.4.1邀请信 (Letters of Invitation),写邀请信时有以下几个步骤：,1要在邀请信的左下角写明受邀请人的名字,2邀请信正文中首先要写明写信人的身份,3. 其次，要写明聚会举行的准确时间及地点。,4. 最后，要写明写信人对收信人来访者的态度。,5. 邀请信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候欣的署名一样。如：Affectionately yours, Sincerely yours等。,写邀请信时要注意以下两点：,1写邀请信一定要写得明确、完整。,2写邀请
26、信时，只要收信人已婚，都应在称呼的位置上写明邀请夫妻双方。,范例1 邀请参加庆祝会 (Invitation Letter for Celebration),范例2 邀请参加晚宴(Invitation Letter for Supper),1.4.2 应邀信及谢绝信 (Letter of Acceptance and Letter of Regretting),在写邀请信复信应注意几点：,1. 回信时要像邀请信一样简明。通常，是以妻子的身份代表夫妻两人给女主人回信。,2. 回信时无论接受与否，都应注意及时、礼貌。,3. 回信时应避免模棱两可的答复。,4. 在接受邀请时，要对受到邀请表示高兴、感谢
27、。当无法赴会时，应表示失望及遗憾之情。一定要将无法赴会的原因作具体的说明。,5. 接受邀请时，要回信重复邀请信上的内容，如月、日、星期及时间，以便纠正你或对方弄错的时间。,写应邀信应遵循以下几个步骤：,1. 与邀请信一样，要在应邀信作上角写明称呼，称呼应与邀请信上的署名一致。,2. 应邀信正文中首先要明确写出接受邀请，并重申一下邀请信中的日期，并表示一定准时参加。,3.之后，要对对方做出的邀请表示感谢。,4.最后，要表示一下对对方举办的聚会的期待之情。,5应邀信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。,应邀参加晚宴(Letter of Acceptance to a Dinner Invit
28、ation),应邀参加音乐会(Letter of acceptance to a concert invitation),谢绝信的写作步骤：,1与邀请信一样，要在谢绝信左上角写明称呼，称呼应与邀请信上的署名一致。 2谢绝信正文中首先要感谢对方的邀请，然后明确写出无法接受邀请。并随后说明无法赴会的原因。 3可以再次表示对首要的感谢，并表示自己深深的遗憾。最后，要与祝对方的聚会圆满成功，并表示下次有机会一定接受邀请。,4谢绝信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。如：Affectionately yours, Yours sincerely, Yours truly等。,范例1,范例2,1.4
29、.3 感谢信 (Letter of Thanks),（一）在写感谢信时应注意以下两点：,1感谢信的措辞应自然、真诚，切忌套用一些空词滥调。,2. 感谢信中要选择恰当的言词对收信人提供的帮助或赠送的礼物表示赞誉。但不可言过其实。,（二）感谢信可以根据以下几个步骤书写：,1. 与邀请信一样，要在感谢信左上角写明称呼。如：Dear Mr. Mary, dear Mary and Tom, 等。,2. 感谢信的正文首先要表明感谢之意。然后，要进一步交待致谢的原因,3. 如有可能，应当在信末提及今后必当回报。,4.感谢信的署名与私人书信中给朋友的问候信的署名一样。,（三）一些常用的致谢用语,Thank
30、you so much.,Many thanks for your kind and warm letter.,Please accept my sincere (profound, grateful) appreciations for ,There is nothing more important to me than to receive your letters.,I can not tell you how much your letter amused me.,At first, I want to thank you for your kindness to me and fo
31、r your compliments,Thank you without end.,I regret very much that I did not have the opportunity to thank you personally for ,You could not have given me anything that I wanted more.,You were kind to send a gift.,This is to thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and to tell you how much I en
32、joy seeing you again.,You must give me the chance to return your kindness when you visit here.,Thank you for doing me a real favor.,I realized that the task took a great deal of precious time.,Your letter of congratulations is deeply appreciated.,范例1 Thanks for the Present,范例2 The Bread-and-Butter L
33、etter,1.4.4 祝贺信(Letter of Congratulations),（一）写祝贺信时有以下步骤：,1. 与邀请信一样，要在祝贺信左上角写明称呼，如Dear Mr. Mary, Dear Mary and Tom等。,2. 祝贺信正式文应首先交待值得祝贺的事情，然后要表达自己的祝贺之情。,3. 下面，要进一步说明自己对值得祝贺的事情的评价和自己的高兴之情，这部分是必不可少的，但或许可详细或可简略，视情况而定。,4. 在信件的结尾处应当再次用贴切的赞誉之词表示对收信人的祝贺。,5. 感谢信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样，如：Yours sincerely, Yours
34、truly等。,（二）一些常用的祝贺用语：,What exciting (wonderful, happy) news!,I am delighted to hear such news.,So you have done it.,I congratulate you on ,You have no idea what a thrill I got when I heard ,Please accept my heartiest congratulations.,Permit me to congratulate you on ,We want you to know how happy we
35、 are ,I am delighted to learn ,May happy returns! 祝您健康长寿！,I hope that each year finds you happier than the last year.,Congratulations and sincere good wishes on your birthday.,I look forward to greeting you on your golden wedding anniversary. May you have many golden years. 在你们金婚纪念之际，谨向你们表示祝贺。祝你们年年幸
36、福（快乐）（美好）。,Many happy returns of the day! 祝您幸福愉快！,范例1 Letter for the Marriage of the Friends,范例2 Letter for the Birthday of the Friend,1.4.3 道歉信 (Letter of Apology),（一）在写道歉信时应注意有以下几个步骤：,1. 与祝贺信一样，要在道歉信左上角写明称呼。如：Dear Mr. Mary, Dear Mary and Tom等。,2. 道歉信的正文首先要说出道歉的原因，并表示自己最真挚的歉意。,3. 提出对已经造成的伤害或财产损失的具体
37、弥补措施。这种弥补措施一定要体贴，为收信人着想。,4. 在信笺的的最后，应当再次提出真诚的歉意。,5. 感谢信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。如：Your sincerely, yours truly等。,（二）下面介绍一些常用的道歉用语：,Please accept my apologies for interrupting your writing.打断你的写作，真是抱歉。,I will see to it that boys must do something to keep the sound from interrupting you.我一定让孩子们安静些，不再打扰你。 I
38、 do apologize for not coming to your birthday party.没能来参加的生日聚会，我真的很抱歉。 Its very kind of you to make so little of the accident, my carelessness is really not excusable.谢谢你善意的原谅，我的粗心是不可谅解的。 If I fail to find it, I will get a new one for you. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.如果找
39、不着，我一定为你买本新的。这是一次教训，我今后一定要更加小心。,范例1 为丢失朋友的书而道歉(Regret for the Loss of Friends Book) Dear Cathy, Im very sorry to tell you that Ive lost the novel Pride and Prejudice I borrowed from you. I read it every day and intended to finish it this week. Unfortunately, I cant find it this morning. May be it wa
40、s taken away by one of my classmate; Ill try to recover it as soon as possible. If I fail to find it, Ill get a new one for you. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.CordiallyHelen,1.5私人事务性书信 (Private Business Letter),1.5.1 介绍信(Letters of Introduction),（一）在写介绍信时应注意以下几点通则：,1明确交待被介
41、绍人的身份，交待与被介绍人的关系。2交代清楚被介绍人的要求，以便收信人根据具体情况尽心安排，提供帮助。3要表达对收信人的问候及感谢。,（二）普通介绍信应当按以下几点进行书写：,1与邀请信一样，要在介绍信左上角写明称呼。如DearMr. Mary, Dear Tom等。,2介绍信的正文要开门见山地介绍持信人的姓名，然后要写明写信人与持、信人的关系。如果持信人与写信人是朋友关系，写信人一般会就持信人的性格，品质进行介绍。3说明持信人去拜访收信人的目的，并表示出希望收信人接待、照顾的愿望。4收信人进行问候及感谢。5介绍信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。如：Yours sincerely,
42、Yours truly等。,（三）下面介绍一些常用的介绍信用语,I am giving peter Edson a card of introduction to you when he goes to Beijing on the second of July.彼得埃德森7月2日去北京，我给他一封转交于你的介绍信。 I have sent you a letter introducing Peter Edson. This note will introduce my sister, Jane.,We know each other for some years, he is a very
43、good company. He is very interested in music, and I know that you count a number of musicians among your friends. We thought you might be able to arrange some introductions for him.我与他相识数年，他是一个很好交往，并对音乐很有兴趣的人。我知道你有许多朋友是音乐家，麻烦你为他介绍一些朋友。 Could you please put him up for a day or two at a club or arrang
44、e for a reservation in a good hotel.能够安排他在俱乐部暂住一两天或者为他安排一个好的旅馆。 I want very much to have him meet you and hope that he will find you in town. 我非常想让他与你与你相识，希望他在城里能找到你。 I have always wanted you two to meet, but you have never been in the same place at the same time.我总想让你们认识，可你们一直无缘见面。,Any kindness to
45、her will be duly appreciated by me.你对他的一切帮助我对会衷心感谢。,范例1 私人介绍信 (Private Introduction Letter),Dear Elsie, This will introduce Song Zhen who is going to spend the winter in Washington gathering material and doing research for a new book. He plans to spend his days at the congressional Library, and his
46、evenings with congenial people. I told him I know of no one more congenial than you! Im sure youll like Song Zhen, and that you two will enjoy each others company immensely. I dont need to tell you how much Ill personally appreciate any courtesies you show him.Sincerely yours,Wang Pulei,范例2单位介绍信(Int
47、roduction Letter for Business),Comrade in Charge, The bearer of this letter, Comrade Wang Ming, a secretary of your department is entrusted with the task of making necessary arrangements for our students and teachers to go to your attached middle school to conduct teaching practice. Please favor him
48、 with an interview.Yours faithfully,Li Ping fang,1.5.2 推荐信 (Letters of Recommendation),（一）在写推荐信时应注意以下几点内容：1交代清楚推荐人与被推荐人的关系。并要讲明写推荐新的目的。2在信中要避免使用一些亲昵的词句以避“套近乎”之嫌。3不要在推荐信的结尾写下 “I am looking forward to your letter”之类的句子，也无需留下写信人的联系方式。,（二）推荐信有以下几个步骤：1要在推荐信左上角写明称呼。如Dear Sir, Dear Madam, 或To Whom It May C
49、oncern等。2根据具体的情况，开门见山地点名写信的目的。,3推荐信的正文部分应着重描述持信人的教育背景、工作 经验及能力。尤其要注重介绍被推荐人与收信人或收信单位的要求相符合之处。4接下来要介绍被推荐人的品格、性情、人品等。5在信件结尾处要表示如果收信人需要的话，愿意提供更多的信息。6介绍信的署名与私人书信中给朋友问候信的署名一样。如：Yours sincerely, Yours truly等。,（三）下面介绍一些常用的推荐信用语：,I am very happy to recommend my colleague Miss Jones for the vacancy of adminis
50、trative assistant at your company.,It is a pleasure for me to write this reference letter for my friend Tony Johnson.,I am very pleased that my former colleague Jane Blair is now applying for the position of sales manager at your company and I highly recommend her. I highly recommend Brian Williams
51、to apply for the position of deputy head of the BCD Business School. It is a pleasure for me to give Miss Lindsey Borman an outstanding recommendation. Miss Honey Martin worked as a secretary in my company for two years, from 1995 to 1997. I was his faculty adviser and had him in several of my classes. I worked very closely with John during the four years. I think the most important personalities are loyalty and reliability, these impressed me vividly.,
