1、专题三 第 4 讲 一A(2014新课标A 篇)The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the age of 5 and 14 to creat
2、e artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing shoul
3、d be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes
4、 to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the c
5、losing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http：/cambridgesciencefestival.org.文章大意：本文介绍了剑桥大学科学节(CSF)的第六届好奇心挑战活动，旨在告知学生参加。1Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?ASchool students. BCambridge locals.CCSF winners
6、. DMIT artists.答案：A 细节理解题。由文章第一段信息 The Challenge invites，even dares school students between the age of 5 and 14 to create.可知，是学校的学生可以参加，故 A 项正确。2When will the prizegiving ceremony be held?AOn February 8th. BOn March 10th.COn March 15th. DOn April 21st.答案：D 细节理解题。由文章第三段信息 Students who enter the Curio
7、sity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st 可知，颁奖典礼是在 4 月 21 日举行，故 D 项正确。 3What type of writing is this text?AAn exhibition guide. BAn art show review.CAn announcement. DAn official report.答案：C 推理判断题。由文章内容可知，文章介绍的是剑桥科学节的第六届 Cu
8、riosity Challenge 的有关事宜；介绍适合参加的学生，可以干的事情；颁奖典礼，以及获奖者的特别待遇等等，显然是在下通知告知学生参加该活动，故 C 项正确。B(2014新课标B 篇)Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，
9、 ” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding ha
10、s increased many, many times， ” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond
11、the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today
12、in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does
13、 not have such a kind of program. “ Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自从 1970 年第一个地球日实施以来，美国环境问题得到了很大程度的改善。4According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about _.Athe social movement Brecycling techniquesCenvironmental problemsDthe im
14、portance of Earth Day 答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句话 “We didnt know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it， ” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. 那时我们不知道有环境，更不用说环境还有问题。故选 C 项。5Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?AThe
15、grassroots level. BThe business circle. CGovernment officials. DUniversity professors. 答案：A 细节考查题。由第二段第二句话 Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.尤其是成千上万的草根美国人参加了这一运动。所以对于环保的支持主要来自草根阶层，故选 A 项。6What ha
16、ve Americans achieved in environmental protection?AThey have cut car emissions to the lowest. BThey have settled their environmental problems. CThey have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.DThey have reduced pollution through effective measures.答案：D 细节判断题。由第三段中 emissions (排放)from cars and truck
17、s have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons. 可知 A 项中的“ 把汽车排放降到最低”错误；再结合第二句可知，C 项错误；由 Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place 可知 B 项错误 D 项正确。7What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last
18、 paragraph?AEducation. BPlanning. CGreen living. DCO reduction.答案：A 主旨大意题。文章最后一段讲述了教育对于环保的意义，并且最后 Anderson说的话“Until we do that, nothing else will change! ”可知答案选 A。C(2014安徽卷C 篇)You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people co
19、llects tangible (有形的) things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a po
20、pular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly commonrecords, model houses. Others are strangely beautifulbranches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will
21、 tell you who they are.Others on the way include “The Museum of Collectors” and “The Museum of Me.”These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of.” The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who ma
22、y not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growingup thing; you stop when you grow up， ”says one. Other painful times are mentioned, suc
23、h as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial (顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都是自己的人生艺术画廊的收藏者。未来两年，“The Museum Of”将举办 40 多场无名收藏者的收藏展。8How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museum?ABy collecting more tangible thing
24、s.BBy showing what ordinary people have collected.CBy correcting what museums normally represent.DBy accumulating 40 collections two years from now.答案： B 细节理解题。从第二段第一句 .will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums 可知答案。9What
25、can be learned about collectors from their collections?AWho they are.BHow old they are.CWhere they were born.DWhy they might not mean to collect.答案：A 推理判断题。从第三段最后一句 But they all reveal a lot of things：ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.可知答案。10Which of the foll
26、owing is an aim of the new museums?ATo help people sell their collections. BTo encourage more people to collect.CTo study the significance of collecting.DTo find out why people visit museums.答案：C 细节理解题。从第四段的第三句 The thinkers behind the project want to explore why they collect, and what it means to do
27、 so 可知答案。11According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they _.Abecome adultsBfeel happy with lifeCare ready for a relationshipDfeel time to be uncontrollable答案：A 细节理解题。从最后一段的第一句话 Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or
28、 end of adolescenceits a growup thing; you stop when you grow up 可知答案。D(2014辽宁卷C 篇)Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever i
29、magined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the_opposite_is_true:_trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”Nitrogen (氮) and carbon
30、 are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌)networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元 ) in our brains, and when one tree i
31、s destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut d
32、own “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we ne
33、ver give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.文章大意：本文介绍了植物界的一种现象：树和树之间是相互依存的关系。母亲树会在临死前把营养传给下一代让它们继续生长。12The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 pro
34、bably means that trees _. Acompete for survival Bprotect their own wealthCdepend on each other Dprovide support for dying trees答案：C 词义猜测题。从文中的 trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it.”可知本题答案为 C 项。13 “Mother trees” are extreme
35、ly important because they _.Alook the largest in size in the forestBpass on nutrition to young treesCseem more likely to be cut down by humansDknow more about the complex “tree societies”答案：B 推理判断题。根据第四段的 She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important
36、minerals to young trees so they my continue to grow 可知本题答案为 B 项。14The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _.Ahow “tree societies” workBhow trees grow oldChow forestry industry developsDhow young trees survive答案：A 词义猜测题。第四段说的是树的社会系统，而第五段的第一句话的意思是：我们以前没有注意到这个事情。故本题答案为 A 项。15What would
37、 be the best title for the passage?AOld Trees Communicate Like HumansBYoung Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionCTrees Are More Awesome Than You ThinkDTrees Contribute To Our Society答案：C 主旨大意题。本文介绍了植物界的一种现象：树和树之间是相互依存的关系。母亲树会在临死前把营养传给下一代让它们继续生长。可知本题答案为 C 项。二A(2014辽宁卷A 篇)A new study shows students who wri
38、te notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑) Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researc
39、hers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were
40、told to use their usual notetaking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse a
41、t remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said, “While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at test
42、ing longterm memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, b
43、ut that they also lead to superior revision in the future.文章大意：本文主要说的是通过实验证明了的一种事实：用手写笔记比用电脑记笔记更利于学习的理解和掌握。1More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can _.Awrite more notes Bdigest concepts betterCget higher scores Dunderstand lectures better答案：A 推理判断题。从第五段的第一句话 The researche
44、rs found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand 可知本题答案为 A 项。2While taking notes, laptop users tend to be _.Askillful BmindlessCthoughtful Dtireless答案：B 推理判断题。从第六段的 While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a lapto
45、p 可知本题答案为 B 项。3The author of the passage aims to _.Aexamine the importance of longterm memoryBstress the benefit of taking notes by handCexplain the process of taking notesDpromote the use of laptops答案：B 写作目的题。本题在第一段提出中心话题，最后得出了结论：手写笔记比用电脑记笔记更有利于学习。故本题答案为 B 项。4The passage is likely to appear in _.Aa
46、 newspaper advertisement Ba computer textbookCa science magazine Da finance report答案：C 推理判断题。本文介绍通过实验证明了一种事实：用手写笔记比用电脑记笔记更利于学习的理解和掌握。故本文可能是取自一篇科学杂志。B(2014陕西卷B 篇)When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he
47、 was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University(SMU)in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldnt afford the operation because her family was poor.Her mother ran a board
48、inghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic(阁楼)one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript(手稿). On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had
49、 never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My f
