1、,6A期末复习 (精华版),不定冠词(a/an)的用法 I would like to be a policeman. （职业前加“a”或“an”） There is a beautiful garden behind the house.（翻译成中文， 有“一”的意思） 3. 习惯用语：have a good/great time, half an hour, tell a lie, make a (shopping) list, have a picnic, have a barbecue, have a healthy diet, have an unhealthy diet, That
2、s a good idea. 等,定冠词the的用法 I have a cat and a dog. The cat is white and the dog is brown. （再次提到的人和物前） Our classroom is on the third floor. （on + the+序数词+floor） I play the piano every day. （乐器前面）习惯用语: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, for the first time, Friends of the Earth, the envi
3、ronment, at the weekend, the one on the left/right, the one in the middle, in the city, in the countryside, at the entrance等,一般不用冠词的情况 What do you have for breakfast? （一日三餐前） 2. We play football after school everyday. (球类运动前)固定词组：by train/motorcycle, on foot, at night, at noon, watch TV, go to schoo
4、l, walk to school, be late for school, at weekends, start work, finish work, in class等。,人称代词,主格：用作句子的主语 宾格：用在动词和介词后面 所有格：表示“的”,什么,What do you do for Spring Festival?,We have a New Years dinner together.,哪一个,Which would you like?,Id like this yellow one.,疑问代词,谁,Who is Mr. Wu?,He is our class teacher.
5、,谁的,Whose handbag is this?,Its Kittys.,什么 时候,When is Jons birthday?,It is on 2 April.,几点钟,What time is it now?,Its 2:15p.m.,哪里,Where is my pen?,It is in the pencil case.,为什么,Why are you so happy today?,Its my birthday!,怎么样,How do you travel to school every day?,By bus.,We use How questions to ask fo
6、r numbers or amounts.,多少 （可数）,How many people are there?,多少(不可数),How much sugar do we need every day?,Only a little.,多少钱,How much did you spend on the book?,35 yuan.,1. Some和any的用法 （1）some用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句要改为anye.g. There is some milk in the bottle.There isnt any milk in the bottle.Is there any milk in
7、the bottle?（2）当疑问句希望得到肯定的回答，可以用someWould you like some?May I have some?Shall we buy some?,不定代词,2. few, a few, little, a little,(1) We need _ ( a few, a little) fat every day. 重点一：few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词 5. Hurry up! We have only _ ( a little, a few, little, few) time ! There are _ (a
8、little, a few, little, few) spicy sausages in the fridge. Lets go and buy some. 重点四：a little, a few表示“一点点”，肯定含义；little, few表示“几乎没有”，否定含义。 固定搭配 only/still a little, only/ still a few,3. onethe other, someothers, others, each other (1) She is always kind to others.others=other people 别人 (2) They alway
9、s help each other. each other 互相 (3) I have two sons. One lives in the USA, the other lives in Australia. one, the other 一个另一个（前提两个人或物） (4) Some students like cartoons, others like science fiction. some, others 一些, 另一些,1.可数名词( Countable Noun)的复数规则变化:A.一般情况 加+se.g. toy-toys month-months coin-coinsB.以
10、s, x, sh, ch结尾 加+ese.g. classclasses boxboxes churchchurchesbrush-brushes dish-dishesC.以f 或fe 结尾 去f 或 fe改为vese.g. shelf-shelves knife-knives wolf-wolves,名词,D.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变y 为i ,再加es e.g. city-cities country-countries lady-ladies(比较: day-days boy-boys) 2.可数名词的复数不规则变化 以o结尾 e.g. potatopotatoes tomato-
11、tomatoes (比较: radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos kilo-kilos zoo-zooskangaroo-kangaroos),B.单复同形 e.g. sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese C.改变元音 e.g. man-men woman-women policeman-policemen postman-postmenbusinesswoman-businesswomenchild-children mouse-micefoot-fe
12、et tooth-teeth goose-geese,可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达,one-first two-second three-third four-fourth five-fifth six-sixth seven-seventh eight-eighth nine-ninth ten-tenth eleven-eleventh twelve-twelfth thirteen-thirteenth fourteen-fourteenth fifteen-fifteenth sixteen-sixteenth seventeen-seventeenth eighteen-eight
13、eenth nineteen-nineteenth twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty-fiftieth sixty-sixtieth seventy-seventieth eight-eightieth ninety-ninetieth hundred-hundredth,数词,钟点的表示,在 7:15在 8:30在11:45在 1:58,at a quarter past seven / at seven fifteen,at half past eight / at eight thirty,at a quarte
14、r to twelve/ at eleven forty-five,at two (minutes) to two / at one fifty-eight,半小时之内（包括半小时）常用介词past, 半小时之后用介词to。,形容词和副词 的用法及位置Usage and position of adjective and adverb,When do we use adjectives ?,在名词前作定语,1.We should have a _diet. (health) 2. I like the _ baby very much.( love),healthy,lovely,diet,b
15、aby,在系动词后作表语,He became very _(angrily). Chillies taste _ (spice).,angry,taste,spicy,When do we use adjectives ?,became,形容词作宾语补足语,When do we use adjectives ?,11. We should keep the room _(clean). 12. This bad news made him_(happy).,keep the room,clean,made him,unhappy,bad,keep make,sb./sth. + adj.,1.
16、在名词前作定语,2.在系动词后作表语,3.作宾语补足语（keep, make),形容词的位置和成分,How do we get adverbs?,widely,wide,+,ly,especially,especial,+,ly,extremely,extreme,+,ly,completely,complete,+,ly,truly,true,+,ly,really,real,+,ly,closely,close,+,ly,quietly,quiet,+,ly,immediately,immediate,+,ly,excitedly,excited,+,ly,adv.,adj.,+,ly,C
17、onclusions,completely,complete,add ly,RULES,EXAMPLES,形容词比较级的拼写规则,taller,safer,fatter,bigger,一般的词+er,以e结尾的词+r,以重读闭音节结尾 双写最后辅音字母+er,safe,fat,big,thin,hot,red,wet,thinner,hotter,redder,wetter,单 音 节 词,双 音 节 词,healthier,easier,more careful,多音节,以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,去y 为变i+er,以-ful, less, ing, ed, ly, ive, able等
18、后缀结尾的词前加more,前加more,more difficult,difficult,形容词比较级的拼写规则,bad/ ill -,worse,不规则变化,形容词比较级的拼写规则,形容词比较级的常用结构： 1) than e.g. The book is heavier than that one. 2) A or B? e.g. Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?,1）as +原级+ as: 和一样e.g. Peter is as tall as Mike.This shirt is as cheap as that one. 2）“不如”not
19、as +原级+asnot so+原级+asless+原级+ than e.g. My room is not as/so big as your room.My room is less big than your room.,形容词的 同级比较,Tom isnt as tall as Sandy.=Tom is _ _Sandy.=Sandy is _ _Tom.,shorter than,taller than,not so/asas -,原级、比较级之间的转换,比较级 than,辨析：介词in, on, at 地点：in+大地点 e.g. in Beijing/ Chinaon +岛屿
20、e.g. on Lucky Islandat +小地点 e.g. at the bus-stopat the airport 时间:in + 年份/季节/月份e.g. in 2012/spring/Mayon + 具体某天/具体某天的某个时段e.g. on Saturday / on Monday morningat + 钟点 e.g. at six oclock,in the Arts and Crafts room 在美术劳技教室里 in the hall 在大厅里 in the Music room 在音乐教室里 in + 一个被包围的空间 “在里”on the second floor
21、 在三楼 on Lucky Island 在幸运岛上 on the + 序数词 + 楼层 “在楼上”at the entrance 在入口处 at the airport 在机场 at the bus-stop 在车站 at + 较小的地方 “在”,其它介词（固定搭配）： 1. get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物far away from 远离 2. I usually go shopping with her. 与某人一起share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物help sb. with sth. 在方面帮助某人 3. be late for 迟到; for
22、 the first time 第一次 wait for等待 cook food for people 为人们烧吃的 make sth. for sb./buy sth. for sb. 为某人买/做某物,4. be kind/friendly/helpful to sb. 对某人sell things to people 买东西给人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物 5. look at 看着;look for 寻找;look after 照顾listen to 听着 6. get to spl. 到达某地 =arrive in/at spl. 7
23、. by bus/car/ferry/underground on foot on the bus/ underground/ train in a car/ taxi,8. on the/ones way to spl. 在某人去某地的路上on ones way here/there/home 9. in the classroom, on the road, in the library, in the park, walk on the grass, run across the road,on the left/right , in the middle of, in the shop
24、ping centre 10. have sth. for breakfast/lunch/dinnerin the supermarket/marketin the frozen food section at the fish stall 11. all kinds of + 名词复数 各种各样的different kinds of + 名词复数 多种多样的,感官动词：taste, look, sound, feel, smell + adj. become(变得) + adj. She looks happy. Your idea sounds wonderful. He became
25、fit and healthy. e.g. Jimmy made a mistake, his father looked _ and his mother looked _ at him.(angry),angry,angrily,连系动词,CAN 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意 为“能，会，可以”；cant意为“不会，不能，不可以” 。 MAY 表示允许、也许，意为“可以，也许，可能”。对may的一般问句的回答，肯定回答是：Yes, please. /Certainly. /Sure.等。否定回答是：No，you cant. / No, you may not.,常用情态动词,ca
26、n, may, must, need, shall, will, should 等，后面跟动词原形。,MUST 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须，应该”，具有强制性。否定形式must not或mustnt。must一般问句的肯定回答用Yes, you must.否定回答用No, you neednt. SHALL, WILL 用来征求对方意见，也可以用于一般将来时。shall只用于第一人称，will适用于所有人称。 SHOULD 为shall 的过去式，有“应该”的意思，但语气比must 弱，不具有强制性。 ,1)情态动词（用法与can, must, should一致）肯定： need do st
27、h. （need不随人称变化）否定：neednt do sth.一般疑问： Needdo sth.?回答： Yes, need. (No, neednt. e.g. Mike need review his lessons every day. You neednt worry about him. He can do it well.Must I do homework now? No, you neednt.,need的用法,2) 实义动词：肯定： need to do sth. need sth.否定：dont need to do dont need sth.一般疑问：Doneed t
28、o do? Doneed sth?回答： Yes, do. Yes, do.No, dont. No, dont.e.g. He needs to buy some food for the picnic.We dont need any money. Did he need to come?,试一试： Simon needs to take a bus to school. （否定句）Simon doesnt need to take a bus to school. 2. They need some eggs to make a cake. （一般疑问句）Do they need any
29、 eggs to make a cake? 3. Students need preview their lessons before class. （否定句）Students neednt preview their lessons before class.,四种时态,一般现在时：1)肯定句： I usually go shopping with her. We often go shopping together. Alice always goes shopping.2) 否定句：I dont always go shopping. They dont always go shoppi
30、ng. Mike doesnt always watch TV.3) 一般疑问句：Do you/ the boys always go shopping? Does Linda always go shopping?,I/ we/ you/ they + V.he/ she/ it + V.+s/es ,I/ we/ you/ they + dont + V.he/ she/ it + doesnt + V.,Do I/ we/ you/ they + V.? Does he/ she/ it + V.?,always adv.总是 usually adv.通常 often adv.经常 so
31、metimes adv.有时 seldom adv. 很少，几乎不 never adv. 从不,频率 副词,这些频率副词通常用来描述平时做的有规律的事情，用一般现在时。,否定含义!,现在进行时,一、用法 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Were learning English now.,二、构成 肯定句：主语+ am/are/is +doing. 否定句：主语+ am/are/is+ not +doing. 疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+ doing?,三、标志词now, these days, Look! Listen! Be careful! Lookout! Watch out
32、! Be quiet或根据上下文,一般将来时 (be going to + V.)用法：表示“打算”、“准备”在最近做某事 结构：（肯定句）主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形.e.g. I am going to put it on the floor. （否定句）主语+am/is/are not going to +动词原形. e.g. He is not going to paint the bookcase tomorrow.（疑问句） Am/Is/Are+主语+ going to +动词原形?e.g. Are you going to come back tomor
33、row?,will do sth.= be going to do sth. 将要做某事 标志：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon,next week, in 2015, in the future, in + 时间段 肯定： 主语+will+动词原形 否定： 主语+wont / will not +动词原形 一般疑问： Will+主语+动词原形?Yes, will. / No, wont. e.g. He will have a meeting tomorrow.,一般将来时(will + V.),一般过去时的结构,陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它,I
34、 cleaned the room yesterday.,否定句：主语+助动词didnt+动词原形+其它,I didnt clean the room yesterday.,一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它,Did you clean the room yesterday?,Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.,常用时间,yesterday yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) last night (week, month, year) (two days, a week, three years ) ago in 1990
35、(1998) in the past just now,标志词,It has been a long and tiring day today.,现在完成时：the Present Perfect Tense,It hasnt been a long and tiring day today.,Has it been a long and tiring day today?,Yes, it has./No, it hasnt.,肯定：主语+have/has + 动词过去分词,否定：主语+have/has not+ 动词过去分词,疑问：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？,现在完成时可用来表示
36、： 1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。,A: Mum, have you bought any garlic? B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you buy it? B: In the market, at the vegetable store. A: How much was it? B: It was five yuan.,A: Has Mum been to the flower market yet ?Has she bought much frozen food _?,B: Yes, she_ to the flower market.,has alr
37、eady/just been,(No, she hasnt bought any frozen food _.),yet,2. already和just用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句和疑问句中。,yet,结论：for + 时间段 since + 时间点,It has been dead for a couple of days.,It has been dead since a couple of days ago.,How long,How long has it been dead ?,How long has it been dead ?,tell sb. (not) to do sth
38、. 叫某人（别）做某事 promise (not) to do sth. 保证（不）做某事 3. would like to do =want to do 想要做某事 4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 5. How long does it take sb. to do sth.? Lets buy some jam to spread on the bread. 使役动词：let/make sb. do sth. 补充： Shall we do sth.? Why not do sth.?,动词不定式to do,1.表示建议的句型：1.Lets do
39、sth. 让我们来做某事吧。2.What/ How about n./doing? 怎么样？3.Shall we do sth.? 我们吧？4.*Why not + V.?肯定回答：Thats a good idea.,应答句,2. A：Thank you very much. B: Not at all./You are welcome./Thats all right.,3. Would you like some? 你要（吃/喝）吗？- Yes, please. / No, thanks.4. Would you like to be a doctor?- Yes, I would. /No, I wouldnt.5. Would you like to play games with us?- Yes, Id like/love to. / No, thanks. Im afraid Im busy now.,
