1、Practical English Writing,书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。英文书信分为两大类：私人信件和公务信件。私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信件。公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式。,5C Principles,Consideration Correctness Courtesy Conciseness Cl
2、arity,Block Form （齐头式）,Intended Form （缩进式）,折衷式,The Format of an English Letter,Heading （信头） Inside Address （信内地址） Salutation （称呼） Body of the Letter （正文） Complimentary Close （结束语） Signature （签名） Postscript （附言） Enclosure （附件）,1. 信头（Heading）信头是指发信人的姓名、地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌
3、号、街道、城市、省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如：123 Tianhe RoadTianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510620Guangdong ProvinceP. R. C.March 15, 2002,2. 信内地址（Inside Address）信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公 务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这 一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的 左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。,3 .称呼（Salutation）称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人
4、则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如： Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: Dear Dr. Johnson, 对不相识的人可按性别称呼： Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。 如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:,4. 信的正文（Body of the Letter）正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加
5、以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般说来，人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始，即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。,5. 结束语（Complimentary Close）公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Truly yours, Yours tr
6、uly, Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely Yours truly, Yours 等。私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。,6. 签名（Signature）写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因此在
7、签名的正下方须打印出全名。,英文信件格式Formal,英文信件格式Informal,THE HEADING,THE INSIDE ADDRESS,THE SALUTATION,The address of the writer,The address of the receiver,Post code after the address,American style,Envelope,An envelope,The receivers address,The writers address,Air mail,信件类别、投递方式等写在信封的左下角或寄信人地址的下面,信件类型和邮递方式,Air m
8、ail 航空信 Registered 挂号 Double registered 双挂号 By (via) air mail registered 航空挂号 Express 快递 Special delivery 特邮快件 Rush 速件 ordinary mail 平信,信件类型和邮递方式,Urgent （immediate）mail 急件 Secret 密件 Confidential 机密的 Top secret 绝密 Personal 亲收 Private 私人信件 Photo enclosed 内有照片,Practice,Writing a Personal Letter to your
9、 family. For this part, you should write at least 100 words. 请按照私人信件的格式要求或者规范写一封家书，告诉家人你在南昌工学院的生活和学习情况，不少于100个字。,Part Two Personal Letters and Communication Letter,私人信函和交际信函,Types and Features,Business letters Personal letters,Section A Personal Letters,Personal letters are letters you write to your
10、 friends, relatives or family members to express your feelings and thoughts, convey information and maintain relationships.,The style of a personal letter is usually casual. The tone is frank and warm, and the language can be highly subjective.,Personal letters can be divided into two types: family
11、letter and friendship letter.Personal letters dont have to be responsible and obligatory.,People write personal letters of their free will, and personal letters are necessary for communicating with relatives and friends.,In family letters, the sender usually bring some good news or pleasant things t
12、o share with the receiver. Sometimes there are some encouraging words in family letters. And the format of family letters is casual for the mutual trust.,Whats the differences between these two kinds of letters?,Personal Letters,informal letters 信头的地址可以不写 称呼语后面一般加逗号 语气亲切，灵活，缩略语，非书面用语不限,Business Lett
13、ers,Formal letters 商业信函，正式邀请函，推荐书, 申请信， 自荐信 要求语言准确，简洁，态度客气礼貌，措辞婉转得体,Difference in elements,Inside address can be omitted.,Inside address is put 1 line beneath the heading.,personal,business,Heading can be omitted if it is to very familiar friends.,Heading is compulsory; but can be omitted if a lette
14、rhead is pre-printed.,The body: usually indented paragraphs; informal in tone,The body: mostly the paragraphs are blocked with 1 line in between and it should always be typed; formal and polite in tone.,personal,business,Greeting may be formal or informal,Greeting is formal,Signature: handwrite the
15、full name or the first name,Signature: a typed signature with professional and/or social title (for women) and/or company name; Chinese name can be typed followed by its Pinyin in the next line,personal,business,personal,business,Complimentary close: Yours; with love; (with) best wishes; yours affec
16、tionately; cordially, yours; As ever, yours; (with) best regards,Complimentary close: Yours faithfully; yours sincerely; sincerely; yours truly,Common sentence pattern,1. I received your letter and I am sorry not to have answered it sooner. 2. I know I should have written long before this. 3. I woul
17、d have written sooner, but there just wasnt anything to write about.,4. I am glad to hear that you have a nice trip. 5. Everything is well with us. 6. Your mom and I are proud of you, confident that everything will turn out just fine.,Dear Zhang Wei, Im glad to know that you are coming to my city du
18、ring the summer vacation. However, Im afraid theres some bad news. Im planning to take part in an international conference to be held in another city during the time of your visit. All the top scientists in my field will show up at the conference. More importantly, Im lucky enough to have been selec
19、ted to give a speech on behalf of my research team at the Conference. I really cant miss it. I understand that itll be your first time to this city and Im your only friend here. Ive asked my roommate to meet you at the airport, and you can stay in my room. He is a very nice person and he will show y
20、ou around the city. Hope you two will get on well and have a nice holiday! Yours, Li Ming,Models of Practical Letters,Models of Social Letters,Letters of invitation Letters of congratulations Letters of thanks Letters of apology Letters of recommendation Letters of application,Letters of Invitation,
21、Formal vs. Informal The inviter The invitee Why? When? Where? Requesting reply providing the address or telephone number for the reply,Letters of Invitation,提出邀请 I am pleased to invite you to It is our great pleasure to invite you to On behalf of I would like to invite you to ,Letters of Invitation,
22、Letter of Acceptance/ letter of Regret请求回复 Please inform us at your earliest convenience of your schedule so that we can make appropriate arrangements for your visit. Reply, if you please. 请回复,Letters of Invitation,邀请 Mr. Harvey给英语专业学生做一个有关西方文化的讲座 时间: 本周二下午三点 地点：图书馆310室 邀请人：Li Gang (学生会主席),Letters o
23、f Invitation,Informal 邀请Sarah 参加我们班5月11日晚上八点组织的晚会,May, 8 Dear Sarah, We are having a party in our classroom, #207, this Sunday, May, 11. Would it be possible for you to join us at 8 p.m.? We would be very happy if you could be with us. Students of Class 3Grade 06,May, 15 Dear Rose,Will you and Mr. W
24、est have dinner with us on Tuesday, the fifth of May, at seven oclock?Its a long time since we have had the pleasure of seeing you and we do hope you can come.Sincerely yours,Fondly,Letter of Invitation,外国语学院院长贾毅邀请您于二零一一年九月二十六日（星期六）下午三时参加在大礼堂举行的毕业典礼。敬请光临 The Dean Jia Yi of the School of Foreign Lang
25、uages Requests the honor of your presence at the Graduation Ceremony at 3:30 p.m on Saturday, Sept. 26 th, 2011 at auditorium,Letter of Invitation,On the occasion of the visit to China by the President of the United States of America George W. Bush, Premier Wen Jiabao requests the pleasure of your c
26、ompany at a banquet at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, 11 September 2004 at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.为欢迎美国总统乔治.布什访华，谨订于二零零四年九月十一日（星期六）晚上七时在钓鱼台国宾馆举行宴会。敬请光临温家宝,Letter of Invitation,Useful expressions,Opening: The pleasure of your company is requested at We invite you to join us in It would be a great pleasur
27、e to meet you on Would you be willing to share with us,Useful expressions,Concluding: We hope you will be able to attend . We are all looking forward to hearing your views. We are looking forward to seeing you. Please let me know as soon as possible.,作文改错,Nan Chang is a old city, it has many interes
28、ting places.,My school name is Nan Gang university. Nan Chang Institute of Science and Technology,Number of people in my family is 3. There are three people in my family.,And I like play computer games.,In my views, Canada is a very beautiful country. But I dont really know much about it. in my opin
29、ion from my point of view,American is a very beautiful place.,I will go to England visit you in summer holiday.,This is a very famous view sport. 景点 scenic spot scenery spot sight spot attractions tourist attraction,I am a universitive student.,I will buy some characteristic present to my family peo
30、ple and friends. 复数 介词,I am looking forward to hearing from your soon.,I will spend my summer vocation in beijing. vocation 职业；天职；天命；神召 vacation 假期；休假；度假,I usually listening to the music or watching TV, because it can make me calm down, especially soft music.,I am eighteen years of age.,I usually wi
31、ll go to the library to collect some information about some foreign travel.,I like sweet best, so I also eat a lot of sugar, cake.,I think it is very amazing and I will go to visit you country this year.,Because I will visiting your country.,Ill grateful to you. Ill be grateful to you.,I love listen
32、 English songs, and play Ping-Pong. love to do sth. 是指具体某一次喜欢 love doing sth. 是指一种爱好，经常性的喜欢。,I am going to grate thank you. I am grateful to you.,Can you give me some suggestions and helpment about it?,Letter of Congratulations,Festivals: the New Year, Christmas, Good news: marriage, birthday, promo
33、tion, graduation, admission,Letters of Congratulations,On what occasions?,Letter of Congratulations,Letter of congratulations expresses friendship and love. It can not only enhance the sense of happiness and achievement of the other side, but also improve the relationship and friendship between each
34、 other. The letter should be concise, passionate, sincere and natural.,Letter of congratulations contains the content as following:,At the beginning of the letter, you should express your congratulations and your cheerful mood directly; Then you should praise the receiver and say some encouraging wo
35、rds; In the end, youd better show your best wishes for the receiver.,Sample,May, 15 Dear Dr. Harmon,Im very glad to congratulate you on your receiving a doctorate in physics from Harvard University. I know this has meant years of study and hard work on your part, and its an achievement you can be we
36、ll proud of.My very best wishes to you!Sincerely yours, Peter,Main points,In the first sentence, express your congratulations on (the event should be pointed out) Write some details. Re-express your congratulations or express your wishes in the last part.,Make a most careful choice of words and gree
37、tings, for appropriacy (措辞准确；中肯） is the best policy in writing letters of congratulation. Handwriting is preferred, because it makes the receiver feel affectionate (充满深情的）.,Useful Expressions,I congratulate you on (winning a scholarship) (Warm / Sincere) congratulations on Congratulations and all go
38、od / best wishes!Please accept my congratulations on I am so pleased / glad / delighted / thrilled to hear that It was a great pleasure to hear the good news that ,I wish you every success. All the very best for the future. Many happy returns! 祝您长寿！ My best wishes to you! On behalf of and in my own
39、name, I would like to express to you my warmest congratulations.,请你给刚结婚的好朋友 Jack and Jessie 写一封祝贺信,Letters of Congratulations,Letters of Congratulations,Hearty congratulations on your marriage and best wishes to you both! Best wishes for a long and happy married life to you both.,Letter of Thanks,Le
40、tters of thanks are one of the most enjoyable letters people write and they are appreciated and expected in many instances in western culture. This is not the case in Chinese culture.,Letter of Thanks,In China, people prefer expressing their appreciation in person. In western culture, however, even
41、if you have expressed your thanks in person, a letter of thanks must still be written.,Letter of Thanks,Every gift or favor, every courtesy or kindness, deserves to be acknowledged with genuine thanks and appreciation. Remember, a letter of thanks doesnt have to be long but it must be sincere and en
42、thusiastic.,May 15 Dear Mrs. Benton, Thank you very much for those four wonderful days at Shady Acres (林荫庄园)！Every moment was a delight. I cant remember ever having enjoyed myself so thoroughly elsewhere! It is good of you and Dr. Benton to have invited me, and I deeply appreciate your hospitality.S
43、incerely yours,Henry,Sample,Main points,In the first sentence you should write the reason for expressing thanks. The rest includes details about the situation. It ends by re-expressing your appreciation. It remains friendly in tone and common courtesy is welcomed by the reader. Sign the letter in ha
44、ndwriting.,May 15 Dear Linder, My visit with you last weekend was a real pleasure. Thank you for your hospitality. I enjoyed every moment.Yours sincerely, Joan,Sample Thanks for Ones Hospitality,Useful Expressions,Thank you very much for the lovely dinner yesterday. We enjoyed the evening a lot. I a
45、m writing to thank you for the wonderful time we had at your party last night. I am writing to express my appreciation of all that you did for me during my visit to Guangzhou.,Useful expressions,Thank you very much! Many thanks for Please accept my sincere / grateful appreciation for I sincerely / d
46、eeply / warmly appreciate I am sincerely grateful to you for It was good / fine / nice of you 承蒙好意 I would like to thank you for I was deeply touched by We are indebted to you 我们感激您,Your Task,Write a note to thank someone for the gift given. In your letter you will1) express thanks for the gift give
47、n, 2) state clearly how much you like it.,May 15Dear Lynn, I just love the vase you sent me! It is so delicate, yet so gorgeous. It is one of the nicest birthday presents I have ever received.I will place the vase on our dining table and put the most beautiful flowers in it. You really should come a
48、nd see for yourself how lovely the vase looks in our dining room.With love, and a special hug and kiss,Yours, Helen,Sample Thanks for a Gift,1. Private introductory letter.私人介绍信 2. Business introductory letter.商务介绍信,A Letter of Introduction,A Letter of Introduction,From the letter, the receiver is i
49、nformed by the following: 1. who the letter bearer is 2. the intention of the introduction 3. appreciation of the help he/she is asking for.,Useful expressions,It gives me great pleasure to introduce to you, the bearer of the letter, 谨此向你介绍持信人 This is to introduce 谨此向你介绍 I am pleased to introduce 我很乐意向您介绍 The bearer of the letter is entrusted with the task of establishing new business connection 兹有持信人某某前往贵处联系建立新商务关系事宜。 I am giving this letter to Mr. White, a good friend of mine, who is going to New York on business. 兹介绍持信人，我的好朋友怀特先生， 他将去纽约出差。,
