1、M5 Unit1 Grammar,本节课重点提要,1. 不定式的基本形式和否定形式 2. 不定式的时态和语态 3. 不定式的复合结构 4. 不定式的基本用法 5. 不定式中常见的主动表被动 6 不定式的省略，保留符号to 7. 不带to的不定式,They advised me to give up smoking. They advised me _ _ _ _ smoking.He promised to take care of the poor He promised _ _ _ _ _ the poor,Step 1,基本形式和否定形式,肯定式: to do 否定式: not to d
2、o,not to give up,not to take care of,动词不定式的时态和语态,I opened the door to enter the room.,. 一般式( to do /to be done).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,Step 2,.进行式( to be doing),They seemed to be talking about something secret when I came in.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,. 完成式（to have done/to have b
3、een done),2. Im pleased to have been given this chance.,1. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果不定式的动作发生在谓语之前。,如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动形式.,小 结,to do,to be done,to be doing,/,to have done,to have been done,练习,Hello! Its good _ (see) you again. Bye-bye, Im glad _ (see) you
4、. They pretend _(work) hard when the teacher came in. The girl students is said _ (send) abroad last week. All the students in our class have entered for the sports-meeting _ (hold) next week.,Step 3 不定式的复合结构,Its important for us to learn English well. Its wise/kind of him to help the poor.,To do li
5、ke that is foolish.,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,Step 4 不定式的用法,作主语,_is our duty.,_is right= It is right to giv
6、e up smoking.,1.帮助你是我们的职责。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,不定式短语作主语时，如果主语如果太长，常用it 作形式主语，真正的不定式主语后置。,To help you,To give up smoking,作主语,。,一般用不定式做主语的句型It +be +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth/ of sb to do sth It +take +sb +time + to do sth It +cost +sb +money + to do sth,动词不定式,作宾语,动词 + to do,动词+疑问词 + to do,动词（ think, conside
7、r, make, believe等) + it+宾补 +to do,常见动词有 afford, agree, arrange, ask, decide, demand, plan desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, prefer, happen, intend, fail等,I dont know what to do .,I find it important to learn English.,返回主页,只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：,决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事迫
8、不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事,decide to do sth. 决定做某事want would like to do sth. 想做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某need to do sth. 需要做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事be used to do 被用来做,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事used to do 过去常常做某事fail to do 未能做某事,Li
9、 Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .,注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。,(不带 to 的不定式),注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make,let.,返回主页,在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后
10、的补足语中，不定式不带to。但 是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。,Eg. I often hear him sing the song.,He is often heard _the song.,注意,allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,(构成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式),to sing,宾补,接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：,请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建
11、议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助,请求与命令,ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,想要邀请期待鼓励与建议,want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事,答应告诫允许提醒和帮助,promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事
12、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事,作表语,My job is_,To see is_.,1. 我的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,to teach English.,to believe,作定语（必须后置）,1. Betty was the first/the last to come to school.,2. We ll attend the meeting to be held next week. 3. I have a child to lo
13、ok after at home.Do you have anything to say. Its a good school to study in.(具有逻辑上的主谓动宾关系）,如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点/工具,不定式后面须有相应的介词 We have several model bikes to choose from He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with There is nothing to worry about 在time place way后面的不定式
14、常省介词 He had no place to live,注意,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,1 他回家去取钥匙2 我说了什么话使你不高兴?3 赢了这场足球赛,我们感到自豪,He went home _ his key,What have I said _you happy?,We are proud _the football
15、match,to get,to make,to have won,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,Consolidation(p20),注意：,在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！,1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式要省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to, 如,I always saw her play violin .,He was made to work 12hours a day.,返回主页,Step 5 不定式中常见的主动表被动,The question is hard to answer.=its hard to answer the question.(位置
16、互换） I have some books to read.I have a room to live in.Give me sth to drink.(同时满足主谓上的动宾关系） 3. Nobody was to blame for the accident. 4. The question is what to do next. 5. I cant go out to play with much work to do. 注意：I have some letters to post. （p20)I have some letters to be posted.,Step6 不定式的省略，保
17、留标志to,保留to到为止to后有be,have,要保留 1. I havent been to American, and I wish to. 2. -Are you on holiday?- no, but I would like to be. 3.-Has Tom finished his homework?- He seems to have.,step7 不带to的情况:,使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看 feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice 注意：被动态中不能省 had b
18、etter(not), would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but = cant choose but do等 why not /why dont you do sth为什么不做?help sb.（to）do sth would you please do sth 情态动词+do 助动词+do,step7 不带to的情况:,在介词 but , except 之后，如果其前有实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带to, 反之须带to . 。She could do nothing but cry.I
19、have no choice but to wait.We had nothing to do but watch Tv.All I could do was send him a telegram不定式and, or, but, rather than 等表示并列关系的第二个to 省略 ,表示相反关系,对比的不省略第二个toId like to go and see a filmThey didnt tell me whether to go on or to stopDo you want to go shopping or watch TV?I decided to write rath
20、er than read.,区分下列词组:,see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth.,感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel,+ do表示动作的完整性， +doing 表示动作的进行性。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。,牛刀小试,1. My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. di
21、d D. to do 2. Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room .A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 3.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went 4. Youd better _a bus .A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching,p24,Homework:,1. 背诵并默写不定式时态和语态的表格。 2. 看例句，复习笔记要点。 3. 讲义,Thanks!,Bye-bye!,
