1、大学英语精读( 第三版)第四册课后习题答案Unit1Study biological chemistry2) biocide: any substance poisonous to life3) bioconversion: the conversion of biological waste, garbage, and plant material into energy, fertilizer, and other useful products4) biophysics: the branch of biology which applies the laws of physics to
2、 explain the phenomena of biology5) ecoactivity: any project or undertaking to combat pollution or improve the quality of the environment6) ecocatastrophe: a large-scale or world-wide disaster resulting from uncontrolled use of pollutants7) ecocide: the destruction of the earths environment or ecolo
3、gy through the uncontrolled use of pollutants8) ecospecies: a group of organisms only somewhat fertile with organisms of related groups, usually considered equivalent to a speciesV. Usage1. All children in that country are2. all her life/her whole life3. Whole Indian tribes in the region were killed
4、 off.4. the whole staff/all the staff5. all the time/the whole time6. this whole business/all this businessVI. Structure1. 1) in the case of Tom: he was ill.2) A case in point is Dujiangyan, which was built about 2000 years ago.3) in the case of my two college sons, they try to live on their parents
5、 as long as possible.4) A case in point is the successful launching of space shuttles.5) A case in point is the chimp, who can learn to paint like a small child.2. 1) He does not lend his books to everybody.2) She is not always so cooperative.3) Not all his stories make interesting reading.4) This p
6、lant is not to be found everywhere.5) The exhibits are not all of them worth looking at.VII. Cloze 1. 1) go round 2) romantic 3) fundamental 4) dependent5) resources 6) abundant 7) deposited 8) scarce9) slowing down 10) pull through 11) draw on 12) in good condition13) give birth to2. 1) with 2) on
7、3) future 4) as 5) to 6) cycles7) rhythms 8) from 9) body 10) other 11) studying 12) over13) that 14) effects 15) direction 16) take 17) oneVIII. Translation1. Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions.2. There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, bu
8、t fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce.3. Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.4. He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam. Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B.5. We have ample
9、time for a leisurely lunch.6. The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis.Reading ActivityExercise A1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. FExercise B1. 一对美洲知更鸟在一家后院筑巢孵下两窝雏鸟，一窝四只。本来是两只鸟，现在成了十只鸟。 2. 动植物都能活到不能再繁殖的年龄， 但往往
10、等不到老年，疾病、暴风雨以及对危险的迟缓反应就已经使许多个体的生命消亡。3. 食草动物没有草不能生存，食肉动物没有猎物就不能存活，植物没有某些基本的化学物质或某种土壤就不能生存。 4. 从理论来讲，如果我们把全部庄稼都犁入土中做肥料，那么我们只需再补上极少数由于水和风而从土壤中流失的化学物质就可以了，但那样的话，我们就不会有任何赖以生存的粮食了。 5. 人们所能看到的布满化石的岩石，看似寻常，却是千百万年来断断续续发生一系列事件演变的结果。Guided Writing1. Deer survive the hard winter by various means.2. The modern w
11、orld gets most of its energy needs from coal, oil and natural gas. These sources have one thing in common: once they have been taken from the depths of the earth, they can never be replaced. Naturally, their reserves tend to be on the decrease. However, as economies develop, the world demand for ene
12、rgy is growing enormously day by day. It is quite obvious, therefore, that we are threatened with the approach of energy crisis. What, then, can we do to prevent energy crisis? The answer lies partly in practicing conservation of resources. Large amounts of energy are being wasted in all sections of
13、 the modern society so that the present major energy sources will be used up much sooner than expected. If we heighten our awareness of the urgent need to conserve energy, however, we will be able to make the sources last a lot longer. Of course, conservation is not the perfect solution to the energ
14、y problem. Eventually, sources like coal and oil will be exhausted. But there are many other energy sources that can be used in place of them, such as nuclear power, wind energy and solar energy. Scientists are now doing their best to develop new sources of energy, which is our hope for the future.
15、We are convinced that so long as both solutions are applied, energy crisis can be prevented.Unit 3Study however, a black Buick suddenly collided into my car from behind. I was slightly injured. Wild with anger I cursed and got out only to find that the woman driver of the other car appeared to have
16、been knocked unconscious and her young child, who was sitting in the rear of the car, was hurt, too. I had to fumble in my pockets for my mobile phone and call the police. In a few minutes a police car came and rushed the lady and her child to hospital. I was, however, asked to stay where I was. In
17、fact, I didnt leave the scene until two hours later although I was not to blame at all. By the time I got home all my energy seemed to have deserted me. As to the business trip, I had to cancel it. As a result, my work suffered enormously. Up to now, I still cant make sense of the accident.Reading A
18、ctivityExercise A1. d 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. aExercise B1. 她终于在四楼停下脚步，她一步也走不动了，她也不愿再走一步了。2. 他给她饮料，她谢绝了，表现得勇敢而又坚毅。 3. 他们很少知道，一旦发现居然还有人能从这场灾难中活过来时， 消防员们会是多么高兴啊。他们很少知道，人们正在拼命地搜寻他们，这对于所有有关的人那些失踪的人们以及那些拼命地在寻找他们的人来说，都是万分紧迫的事。 4. 结果，如同在 93 航班发生悲剧那样，手机发挥了作用，这次的情况是，巴特勒由于电话系统乱糟糟无法接通消防站，便拨通了他的妻子。 5.
19、他们认为，正是由于约瑟芬坚持要他们待在那个地点，那个整个世贸中心被夷为平地后唯一残存尚未倒塌的地方，那个她视作神圣的处所，她拯救了他们的生命。Guided Writing1. 1) Paper Two.2) Paper Two has more specific details and is therefore more vivid and interesting.3) Paper One contains very few specific details if any.2. How to Win the War against TerrorismFew can doubt the harm
20、 terrorism produces. News of death and suffering caused by terrorist attacks on innocent people going about their everyday lives is far too common. What can bring one human to behave with such cruelty towards another? Some terrorists may claim that the injustice their group has suffered is so great
21、that any means are justified. They may argue that those stronger than them have used force against their people and that terror is the only weapon left to the weak. Yet such arguments only lead to the ruin of more innocent lives. Two wrongs do not make a right. What can be done to solve the problem?
22、 One tactic must be better protection through increased security, making attacks easier to uncover and prevent. Another is to attack the root cause of terrorism, the sources of injustice that fuel its support. Neither task is easy.Unit 5Study it took us nearly three months.5) Tom is thought of as an
23、ything but a hero.2. 1) The day was fairer than was usual at that season.2) The woman ate far more than was good for her.3) More middle-aged persons suffer from heart trouble than is generally realised.4) There were more people present than was expected.5) We were kept waiting longer than was absolu
24、tely necessary.VII. Cloze1. 1) caught (sight)of 2) impression 3) attractive 4) bring5) assuring 6) trifle 7) overlook 8) inclined9) in 10) mean 11) in the least 12) body and soul13) revenge 14) inclined2. 1) over 2) back home 3) dont 4) have5) school 6) such 7) while 8) like9) make 10) much 11) has
25、12) room13) anything 14) how 15) about 16) concerned17) made 18) never 19) since 20) treat21) adult 22) Those 23) dirty 24) themVIII. Translation 1. The courts judgment aroused anger among Mr. Smiths friends, who believed that he was innocent.2. As we passed the expensive restaurant, father hurried
26、us along saying that it was well beyond our means to have dinner at such a fancy place.3. A teacher may evaluate and grade an essay on the basis of his general impression rather than on a detailed analysis.4. I was inclined to get angry at the puppy for ruining my painting but he was so cute that I
27、could not help but laugh and pick him up.5. Edward was in the habit of reciting poems in the room overlooking the sea.6. Anthony stayed up all night because he just could not make up his mind whether or not to take a hand in the matter.Reading ActivityExercise A1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. c 8.
28、a 9. d 10. dExercise B1. 这爿店根本就不叫惠特尼，但凡是去过棕榈滩的人，都知道我指的是那一家店。 2. 我们在一间整洁有序的小办公室里见到了他，办公室刚能放下一张老式的卷盖式大办公桌和一把椅子。 3. 她曾恳求他别无玩股票，别玩牌，他向她保证说他不干了，可过不多久他不知不觉又陷进去而不能自拔。4. 那意味着哦，我已记不起她的原话了：变卖房子房子已经抵押出去了，她说，让两个女儿辍学，她自己也许不得不找份工作。 5. 这事我再没多想，直到第二天下午，这件事才又重新清晰浮现在我的脑际。Guided Writing1. The concluding sentence of th
29、e second paragraph: So it seems to describe her as “selfish.”The concluding sentence of the third paragraph: From this it can be seen that “hypocritical” is another apt label for the woman.2. Sam went to the cinema the other night, but he didnt enjoy it. Entering the cinema, Sam thought of taking of
30、f his coat. But the cinema turned out to be very cold and he had to keep his coat on. As there wasnt much space between the rows, his legs began to ache shortly after he took his seat. Worse still, he found it difficult to breathe easily. Looking about, he saw a lot of people were smoking. At last t
31、he film started. To his annoyance, the person in front was wearing such a big hat that he could hardly see the screen. To top it all, people all around him made a lot of noise, some telling jokes, others laughing loudly, not to mention a child crying out with pleasure. Needless to say, Sam missed mo
32、st of the dialogue. He couldnt bear to sit out the rest of the film and went out of the cinema into the cold night in a fury.Unit 8 Study perhaps this is why mobile phones have become so common.5. Virtually every child has dreamed of traveling in space and experiencing what it would be like to live
33、in a gravity-free environment.6. Students of our school are encouraged to do independent thinking and not to be restricted by the teachers points of view.Reading ActivityExercise A1. d 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. cExercise B1. 下面主要是根据推测展望乘坐航天飞机遨游太空可能出现的情景。 2. 与国家航空和航天局的航天飞机不同，未来的航天客机不是像火箭一样发射升空
34、，而是像今天的喷气式飞机那样在跑道上水平起飞。 3. 随后，在离地球表面约 130 英里的高度，当飞机速度超过每小时 17，000 英里时，引擎就会关闭如果飞机进入围绕地球飞行的轨道并且不再加速的话你就处于失重状态了。 4. 你也不太可能找到易碎事物，这同样是因为，没有重力，小碎屑就不会往下掉。Guided Writing1. 1) He mopped the floor, cleaned the windows and did other odd jobs.2) This program can be enjoyed by both the parents and children.3) T
35、he value of a course depends on as much on its inherent as on the practical use you can put it to.4) The oral test scores of girls are usually higher than those of boys.5) My roommate is generous, considerate, and easy to get along with.6) The teacher has the same interest in good parking facilities
36、 as the students.7) Marie demonstrated an interest in and a talent for writing. 2. Technology has brought immense benefits to humankind. Take a look around and youll find examples too numerous to list. Electric appliances like microwave ovens have rendered our home life much easier and more enjoyabl
37、e. Also, if you wish to travel to another city or country, the airplane will take you there within a matter of hours. Whats more important, the use of advanced technology has made possible enormous increases in our food production capacity, enabling the worlds fast-growing population to maintain at
38、least an acceptable standard of living. On the other hand, however, technology has created problems that may threaten human existence. A major hazard is pollution. Indisputably, we have little chance to survive while the land, water and atmosphere are seriously polluted. Furthermore, technology can
39、expose mankind to such threats as a nuclear war. Confronted with the two sets of consequences, we must keep a clear head. Personally, it is important to realize that without technological advance there can be no further progress for human civilization. At the same time, because of the associated haz
40、ards, the use of technology must be subjected to careful planning and firm social control.Unit 9Study nevertheless, he has made a notable contribution to science. What a miracle! Brilliant deeds of the great scientists led / prompted me to make up my mind to dedicate my life to the pursuit of scienc
41、e.Reading ActivityExercise AWords with unfavorable connotative meanings:unimaginative, cowardly, skinny, fat, gullible, conceitedExercise B1. c 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. d 7. b 8. cExercise C1. 要说所有这许多不同却相似的物种是被一个个单独创造出来的， 这似乎根本不可能。 他认为唯一的解释是假设它们源自几个最初的物种, 而后在逐渐变化而成。 2. 他注意到，一中南美的鸵鸟可能没能“很好适应，因此消亡” ，而在具
42、有有利特性的品种身上“也许会产生出许多变种” 。 3. 达尔文马上意识到， “在这种情况下有利的变异往往会保存下来， 而不利的变异往往会遭到毁灭。这一现象的结果会形成一个新的物种。这样我就有了一种可以从事研究的理论了。 ” 4. 他提出了许多含有深刻真理的想法，就连泛生论等广受批评的一些看法也是如此。在泛生论中他把遗传的机理归于他叫作“小芽”的身体实体，而这些实体被认为与身体的各部分都有联系。 5. 他探索的范围之广令人惊讶，他从不引人注目的细节中得出重要理论的能力无与伦比。不过，随着时间的推移，人们往往更多地强调他理论中许多模糊不清之处，其实这些模糊的地方他本人当时也是清楚地意识到了的。Gu
43、ided Writing1. words: I began to visit libraries and bookstores across the cityphrases: this story was far more exciting than any murder mystery and more important than anything I could imagine.Clauses: They said that very few people could understand his ideas, but that his discoveries changed the e
44、ntire world and everything around us.Sentences: I didnt understand that perhaps there was a link between the carp swimming in the Tea Garden and the unfinished papers lying on Einsteins desk. I didnt understand that higher dimensions might be the key to solving the unified field theory.2. As early a
45、s I was a high school student I decided to dedicate myself to medical science. This important decision in my life had a great deal to do with my uncles sudden death. It was like this: One day when I came home from school I was shocked to hear my aunt crying with deep grief. Upon inquiry I learned th
46、at my uncle, who had been ill with hypertension for years, died of cerebral haemorrhage that very afternoon. While mourning my uncles passing I recalled that hypertension was also the root cause of my grandfathers death and my father was afflicted with the same illness. Obviously it is mostly a here
47、ditary disease, able to be passed on through the genes of a parent to a child. So there is a chance I may suffer from it too. As time went on, I uncovered more about hypertension. For one thing, at present it is impossible to effect a permanent cure of the disease. For another, it causes thousands u
48、pon thousands of deaths every year. It became clear to me that we got to find ways to make the incurable disease curable and save millions of lives. A likely victim of the disease, I made up my mind that one day I would join hands with the scientists in trying to solve this knotty medical problem.Un
49、it 10 Study there is no need to go on about it.4) Aside from her parents, Margaret did not have any relatives left after the war.5) It is crucial to the development of every country for the government to get full support from its people and maintain the stability of the country.IV. Enriching Your Word Power1. 1) homelike 2) doglike
