1、小学英语语法总结及练习,1. 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。 2.肯定句： I am Sarah. He is a teacher. She is in the room. It is a dog. My hair is long. We are family. They are friends. Her eyes are small.,1.Be 动词的用法,3.否定句：I am not Sarah. Im not Sarah. He is not a teacher. She is not in the room. It isnt a dog. My hai
2、r isnt long. We are not family. They are not friends. Her eyes arent small. 4.一般疑问句 ： Am I Sarah? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Is she Sarah? Yes, she is. No, she isnt. Are they friends? Yes, they are. No, they arent.,Be 动词的用法,用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2.Where _ your mot
3、her? She _ at home. 3._ your brother in the classroom? 4.Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 5.The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 6. Whose book _ this? 7. _ these books Sarahs?,Be 动词的用法,1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,2.人称代词和物主代词,人称代词和物主代词,人称代
4、词和物主代词,一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Is this _watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 2.That is not _ book. That book is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 3. The book is _. Give it to _. (you) 4.I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ),人称代词和物主代词,5. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Tho
5、se books are _. ( he ) 6. _sister is ill. Please go and get_. (she) 7. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 8.Can _ have a look at that classroom? That is _classroom. ( we ) 9. _dont know her name. Would you tell _. (we),人称代词和物主代词,3.名词复数规则,1一般情况下，直接加-s， 如：book-books, bag-bags, c
6、at-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es， 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches. 3.黑人，英雄，土豆，西红柿变复数后面加es，其他以o结尾的单词变复数后加s, 如：photo-photos, hero-heroes,negro-negroes, potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes. 4以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如： day-days,family-families. 5以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es， 如：knife-knives，leaflea
7、ves.,5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese.,名词复数规则,练习：写出下列各词的复数 book_ bag_ potato_ tomato _ photo _ box _ dress _ bus _ peach_ sandwich _ dish _ tooth_,名词复数规则,diary _ day_ strawberry
8、 _ family_leaf _ knife_ tooth_ foot _ sheep_ people_man_ woman _child _ deer _Chinese_ Japanese_,名词复数规则,4.动词三单的变化规则,当主语为第三人称单数（he,she,it等）时， 谓语动词需变成三单结构。 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks. 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es， 如：guess-guesses, wash-washes. 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：stay-stays,study-studies. 4. have变成h
9、as, do变成does.,练习: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ make _ look _ have_ plant_ come_ go _ watch_ fly _ stay _ study_ carry _ brush_ teach_ pass_ guess_,动词三单的变化规则,二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 3. The girl _(teach) us English on Sunday
10、s. 4.She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.,动词三单的变化规则,用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 5.Liu Tao _(play) sports to_ (stay) healthy. The child often 6._(fly) kites on Sundays. 7. Mike_ (like) cooking. 8. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.,动词三单的变化规则,1、there be句型与have(has) 的区别： there be（is，are）表示在某地有某物（或人），主语是某地
11、；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物，主语是某人。 2、在there be 句型中，be 动词的形式根据离be 动词最近的那个名词决定，如果是单数，be 动词用is ; 如果是复数，be 动词用are 。 There is a book and three pens. There are three pens and a book. 3.have,has：主语是第一、二人称，或者复数，用have. 主语是第三人称单数，用has。 I have a book. He has a book.,5.There be 句型与have, has的区别,5、否定句，一般疑问句的区别： There isn
12、t a book and three pens. There arent three pens and a book. I havent a book. He hasnt a book. Is there a book and three pens? Are there three pens and a book? Do you have a book? Does he have a book?,6.There be 句型与have, has的区别,6.肯定句中出现some或and，在否定句或疑问句中要分别变成any,or。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名
13、词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？,There be 句型与have, has的区别,练习：Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” 1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. What do you_? 3.They_a nice garden. 4. _some maps on the wall. 5. _a map of the world on the wall.,There be 句型与h
14、ave, has的区别,练习：Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” 6.What does Mike_? 7. My parents_a story-book. 8. How many students_in the classroom? 9. How much water _on the desk?,There be 句型与have, has的区别,一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every
15、day. 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English. 3.当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加“-s“或“-es“。如：Mary likes Chinese.,6.一般现在时,一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker. 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are y
16、ou a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike?,一般现在时,2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。 如He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时
17、，要用does构成一般疑问句。 如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：How does your father go to work?,一般现在时,一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on
18、Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.,一般现在时,二、按照要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watch
19、es TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day. (改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ _ 3. Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ _,一般现在时,对划线部分提问。 4. John like taking photos in the park every morning. _ 5. John like taking photos in the park every morning. _ 6. John like taking photos in the p
20、ark every morning. _ 7. John like taking photos in the park every morning. _,一般现在时,三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,一般现在时,1现在进行时
21、表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing。 Im reading now. He is doing his homework now. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 He isnt doing his homework now. 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 Is he doing his homework now? 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 特殊疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? What is he doing now? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 特殊疑
22、问词+ be + 动词ing?Who is reading now?,7.现在进行时,1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,动词加ing的变化规则,一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _ make_ go_ like_ write_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_,动词加ing的变化规则,写出下列动词
23、的现在分词： love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ see_ buy _ listen_ visit_,动词加ing的变化规则,用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ (draw)a picture now. 2. Listen Some girls _(sing) in the classroom . 3. My mother _(cook)some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ (do) now? 5. Look! They _(have) an English lesson .,现在
24、进行时,6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! The girls _(dance) in the classroom . 8.What is our daughter doing? She_(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We_(have) supper now. 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .,现在进行时,一、一般将来时的概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next da
25、y(week, month, year),soon，the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not，变成amnt,isnt,arent.或情态动词will后加not变成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首， some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换
26、。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?,8.一般将来时,五、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon？ 2. 问干什么。What 例如： My father is going to watch TV with me this afternoon. What is your father
27、going to do with you this afternoon？ 3. 问什么时候。When. 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.,一般将来时,练习：用be going to和will分别填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. 或I _
28、have a picnic with my friends. 2. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 或_ your mother go shopping this _? Yes, she _.She _ buy some fruit.,一般将来时,改句子： 5. Sarah is going to go shoping.（改否定） Sarah _ going to go shoping. 6. Ill go and join th
29、em.（改否定）I _ go _ join them. 7.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30? 8. She is going to buy some fruits after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _ after school?,一般将来时,1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为wa
30、s。（was not=wasnt） 如：I was ill yesterday. I wasnt ill yesterday. are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 如：They were at Beijing last month.They werent at Beijing last month. 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 如：Was he ill yesterday? Were they at Beijing last month
31、?,9.一般过去时,3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形， 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?,一般过去时,动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed， 如：look-looked, cook-cooked 2结尾是e的
32、，直接加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped, visit-visited. 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied,pay-payed.,一般过去时,5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, have-had, go-went, say-said, get-got, see-saw, give-gave, come-came, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang
33、, make-made, sit-sat, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, put-put, read-read.,一般过去时,过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ are _ do _ does_ have_ go_ say_ fly_ put_ plant_ play_ drink_ make _ dance_ask_ worry_ eat_ taste_ draw_pass_ throw_ kick_,一般过去时,Be动词的
34、过去时练习 一、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the s
35、econd of June. Yesterday _ the first of June.It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.,一般过去时,一、用动词的适当形式填空。 1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car. 2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 3. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (cle
36、an) 4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do) 5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago. 6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick) 7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water) 8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances. 9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk),一般过去时,二、句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、 中译英。 1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_ 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 _ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 _,一般过去时,Byebye!,
