1、,名词性从句宾 语 从 句,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。,Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,He wondered if he could pass the ex
2、am .,They are talking about whether they can pass the exam .,注意：动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。,一、从属连词1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao knows (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meetingnext Sunday. Jim thou
3、ght (that) the train was like a big moving party. He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.,引导词种类,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some informati
4、on about that city . It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.,引导词种类,二、连接代词which, what, whose, who, whom, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,I wonder who will teach us. Mr. Wang asked whose book that was. You can take whatever you like.,引导词种类,三、连接副词where, when, w
5、hy, how等连接副词在句中作状语。,He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.,引导词种类,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?
6、,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready .,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，
7、（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I told me that she was talking with her mother at that time last we
8、ek. He asked whether his father would come backthe next day. He said that he had seen it before.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travelsaround the earth .The teacher said that the world is made up of matter.,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the librar
9、y? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who
10、are we going to meet ?,4. Does he know French ? We want to know if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer . They re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in su
11、mmer .,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show ourtickets ? Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ? Would you like to know when he will come back ?,2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,She says (that) she will leave a messag
12、e onhis desk . He said (that) he was going to take care ofthe child . He asks if I like playing the piano . You may ask the man over there how youcan get to the bus station .,3. 当doubt, doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if; 当doubt, doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。,I doubt if/ whether he is at hom
13、e.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.,4. 当be sure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that; 当be sure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if。,We are sure that he will be successful soon. The old man didnt seem to be sure whether / if he had met me.,5. 介词后宾语从句的注意事项：,一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。I
14、 am surprised at what he said.,介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it, 再加that从句，即“介词+it+that”结构。You may depend on it that they will support you. (that不能省略),介词except, but, besides及in后可接that从句。I know nothing about him except that he lives here. (that不能省略),7. 只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况：, 介词后宾语从句用whether,不用if. whether 引导表语从句
15、和同位语从句，而if则不能。 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if。,6. 在suggest, demand, order, insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即 “(should+)动词原形”。,He suggested that we (should) set about doing the work at once. I insist that she (should) do her wo
16、rk alone. The leader ordered that the army (should) set off at once.,Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know . A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come,7. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,I dont know when he _ (come) . I ca
17、nt wait here any more . When he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?,will come,comes,8. 连词+宾语从句 连词+to do,I dont know what I shall do next .I dont know what to do next . She didnt decide which one she would choose .She didnt decide which one to choose . Please tell me whom youll give the
18、letter to .Please tell me whom to give the letter to .,9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it 这类动词主要有:like, hate, take , owe, have, see to.,I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认
19、为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.,10.宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.,I dont think he will come to my party. I dont believ
20、e that man is killed by Jim, is he?,11.宾语从句不可以省略引导词that的情况 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。 except（介词）后面宾语从句中that不可以省略。 宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that不可以省略。 it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的that不省略。,I believe (that) youve done your best and that things will improve. The teacher advised us that we should pay
21、more attention to reading and writing. We all believed it true that Mr. Smith wasnt a thief.,1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A. what B. how C. that D. why,2. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A. why B. how C.
22、 what D. which,宾语从句专项练习题,3. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which,4. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which,宾语从句专项练习题,5. - I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.
23、- Every other day.A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much,6. Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping.A. what B. which C. where D. that,宾语从句专项练习题,7. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where,8. I want to
24、 be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A. who B. where C. what D. how,宾语从句专项练习题,9. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why,10. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. why,宾语从句专项练习题,
