1、1Unit 4 Sharing.阅读理解APatients in the early stages of Alzheimers disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain
2、 somewhere; they just cant be easily accessed.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human tr
3、ials as it involves inserting light emitting(发光) equipment into the subjects brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.“The important point is that this is evidence of the concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. Its a matter of how to get it ba
4、ck， ”said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimers and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back an hour later. When placed in the room a
5、 third time several days later, the Alzheimers mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating(激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear w
6、hen the cells associated with the shock were activated.“Shortterm memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for longterm memories, these earlyAlzheimers mice seem to be damaged， ”said the lead researcher Dheeraj Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps t
7、hem get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.”语篇解读 本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术。21What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?AThey are the pioneers of brain research.BThey have used the method
8、in human trials.CThey can cure Alzheimers using the new method.DThey can get back memories in mice with Alzheimers.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers.”可知，他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。答案：D2Why did the Alzheimers mice beh
9、ave normally the third time?AThey failed to remember the electric shock.BThey were accustomed to the situation.CThey managed to overcome the fear.DThey activated the association automatically.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“the Alzheimers mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock.”可知，这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。答案：A3For lo
10、ngterm memories, the earlyAlzheimers mice .Acan transform their brain cellsBcant learn new tricks wellCcan easily get back their memoriesDcant access the information stored解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But for longterm memories，these earlyAlzheimers mice seem to be damaged”和 “Directly activating.this memory”可知，对
11、于长期记忆来说，这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经被损害，不能获得这种已经储存的信息。答案：D4The main purpose of the text is to .Aintroduce a method of a researchBreport the latest discovery about a diseaseCgive advice on how to improve memoriesDexplain how a brain stores information解析：作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现。3答案：BBIf you f
12、ollowed the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping (拔火罐) therapy”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.Man
13、y athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”However, some have said that the supposed health ef
14、fects result from peoples feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.In the study, the same type of cups was us
15、ed in the real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment，the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldnt create the proper suction (吸力)The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or
16、“soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the socalled “soft cupping” was a false treatment.It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. “The results suggest the effects
17、of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself， ” the researchers told the Live Science website.The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some pe
18、ople, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing， ”Dr Brent Bauer, director of the US Complementary and Integrative 4Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.语篇解读 本文主要 介绍了中国传统医疗方式拔火罐的实际疗效问题。5Why
19、 is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage?ATo give athletes a new way to swim faster.BTo provide athletes with a new way of treatment.CTo introduce the topic on cupping therapy.DTo show swimmers suffer from disorders.解析：推理判断题。根据文章前两段的整体内容可推知，提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题，即拔火罐疗法是否有效，故选 C。答案：C6The purpose of
20、the test by researchers from Germany was to .Apromote the health effects of cupping therapyBsee whether cupping therapy has a physical effectCcompare traditional cupping with soft cuppingDcompare cupping therapys effects on different groups of people解析：细节理解题。根据第四段整体内容可知，实验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效。答案：B7What c
21、an be learned from the passage?ADifferent people need different types of cupping therapy.BThe real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.CThe results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.DCupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.解析：细节
22、理解题。根据倒数第二段的“In both groups，patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.”可知，实验表明两种不同的拔火罐方法效果是一样的。答案：B8According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy .Ais a fast and easy treatment for people to carry outBis a newly invented way to cure some diseasesCneeds a long period of time to take
23、effectDcan be used together with other treatments解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people，the therapy can be used as part 5of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises，nutritional choices and lifestyle changing”可知，Dr Bre
24、nt Bauer认为拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治疗。答案：D.完形填空A 14yearold Chinese boy overcame two of humankinds most dreaded fears getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework done in a single night thanks to his quickwitted(反应敏捷的)character.Sun Yixiao was on his way up last Tuesday evening after school when the lift su
25、ddenly stopped.A moment of 1 followed before the teenager decided to take 2 into his own hands and find a way out.Sun said he tried to pry(撬)the elevator door open， but 3 there could be a malfunction (机器故障)that would send the elevator 4 a free fall，he 5 the idea and instead 6 against the wall.He the
26、n pressed all the buttons in the hope of getting the elevator to work again，but in vain.Sun then pushed the “Stop” button to lock the elevator and make sure it wouldnt move. 7 a cellphone at hand，Sun tried 8 to get the attention of people outside，but no one responded 9 time passed by.But the young b
27、oy didnt give up.He slipped a note 10 the door with the message “People stuck inside；please ask the property management(物业 )for help”and hoped someone would pick it up and act it on.After 11 all his options，the 12 kid decided to tend to his homework, not knowing how long it would take 13 someone fou
28、nd him.He took out his textbooks and 14 himself with his daily homework routine.Soon after he finished his duties，Sun heard loud voices coming from 15 .“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents；people looked quite 16 ， ”Sun said the moment he was rescued.He had been tr
29、apped for five hours by the help arrived.On Chinas Twitterlike Weibo，many netizens 17 the boys bravery and calmness in the face of such 18 .“The guy must have 19 the advantages and disadvantages of the situation：he had a great chance to survive an 20 elevator，but would have been doomed if he left ho
30、mework undone， ”joked Zealshifang.6语篇解读 本文主要讲述了中国 14岁男孩儿孙轶潇在电梯出了故障后不仅没有惊慌失措，最后还把作业做完了的故事。1A.panic BexcitementCconfusion Ddepression解析：与上文的“fears”呼应，主人公在电梯突然停止后，随之而来的是惊慌。panic“惊慌” ；excitement“激动” ；confusion“困惑” ；depression“抑郁” 。答案：A2A.materials BsubstancesCmatters Devents解析：根据下文的“find a way out”可推知，主
31、人公决定自己处理这种意外情况，与上文的“overcame”呼应。take matters into ones own hands固定搭配，意为“亲自处理某事” 。答案：C3A.considering BtellingCunderstanding Dignoring解析：根据语境可知，主人公试图撬电梯，但考虑到电梯出了故障可能会自由下坠。consider“考虑” 。答案：A4A.onto BintoCwithin Dfrom解析：send sth.into sth.为固定词组，意为“使进入(某种状态)” ，此处表示“使电梯自由下落” 。答案：B5A.formed BabandonedCrejec
32、ted Daccepted解析：根据上文的“but”和下文的“instead”可推知，主人公放弃了自己之前的想法。abandon“抛弃，放弃” 。答案：B6A.stood B layCknelt Dleaned解析：根据常识可知，在电梯出故障时，最好靠着电梯内墙。lean“靠在” 。答案：D7A.With BWithoutCThrough DBy7解析：根据语境可知，主人公手边没有手机，故用 Without表示“没有” 。答案：B8A.screaming BcryingCwhispering Dyelling解析：根据空后的“to get the attention of people out
33、side”可推知，主人公当时大声喊叫，希望有人能够听到，以便得到帮助。 yell“叫喊” 。答案：D9A.with BasC when Dwhile解析：此处 as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着” ，表示“随着时间的流逝，没有人回应他” 。答案：B10A.from BbyCthrough Dacross解析：根据语境可知，困在电梯里的主人公通过电梯门缝塞出求救便条。through“穿过” ，表示立体概念；across“横过” ，表示平面概念。答案：C11A.exhausting BwearingCcompleting Dfinishing解析：根据语境可推知，主人公用尽了各种能想到的求救办法，都
34、没有得到回应。exhaust“耗尽，使筋疲力尽” 。答案：A12A.handsome BterrifiedCpractical Dmodest解析：根据语境可知，主人公决定做作业，这说明他是一个务实的(practical)孩子。答案：C13A.before BafterCwhen Duntil解析：此处表示“在有人发现他之前” ，符合语境，故用 before引导时间状语从句。答案：A14A.occupied BchargedCdevoted Dabandoned解析：occupy sb.with sth.为固定词组，意为“使某人忙于某事” ，结合语境可知，主人公开始埋头做作业了。8答案：A15
35、A.inside BoutsideCupside Ddownside解析：根据上文的“to get the attention of people outside”可推知，后来主人公听到外面有很大的声音，与下文的“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents”呼应。答案：B16A.relieved BdelightedCscared Dpuzzled解析：根据“he was rescued”可推知，当主人公得救时，人们都松了一口气。relieved“感到宽慰的” 。答案：A17A.cheered
36、up Bthumbed upCwarmed up Dbuilt up解析：根据“bravery and calmness”可推知，微博上许多网民对主人公的勇敢和冷静评价很高。thumb up“竖起大拇指，评价很高” 。答案：B18A.emergency BincidentCaccident Devent解析：主人公被困在故障电梯中，这是一种紧急状况。emergency“紧急情况” ；incident“小事件” ；accident“意外，(交通)事故” ；event“公开活动，重大事件” 。答案：A19A.compared BfiguredCimagined Dweighed解析：根据语境可知，
37、此处表示主人公认真权衡(weighed)了利弊。答案：D20A.outoforder BoutofdateCoutofbalance Doutofshape解析：根据上文的多处描述可知，电梯出现故障。outoforder“有故障的” 。答案：A.短文改错This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was
38、very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving 9around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them to him. He thanked
39、 me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.答案：This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, pickingpickedat that moment I was very . Outsid
40、e the library, I saw man excitingexcited theadriving around the small parking lot, to find a parking space. He trytrying headheadedfor the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them bookbookshim. He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off, keeping the tofor quickquicklydisabled parking space free for someone needed it.who
