1、Unit 4 Earthquakes,【语篇导读】据统计,全球每年约发生500多万次地震,85%的地震发生在地震带上,其中绝大多数人们感觉不到;但是总有一两次能对人类造成严重危害的大地震发生。墨西哥作为地壳活动较为活跃的地区,就发生了很多让人心悸的大地震。 Rocking And Rolling With Mexicos Earthquakes Chances are youve seen a disaster movie in which an earthquake ruins a city.Earthquakes can be huge,frightening events,but ear
2、thquakes actually happen every day.Most of them arent even felt by people.The ground under our feet may feel solid and unmoving,but it is really moving all the time. Some parts of the world are more likely to have earthquakes than others.Mexico is one of the most active earthquake areas in the world
3、,and Mexicos history is filled with disastrous earthquakes.,One of the worst took place on September 19,1985,when a quake that measured 8.1 on the Richter scale took place just off Acapulco.About 10,000 people were killed and another 30,000 injured.Thousands more were left homeless.The quake happene
4、d early in the morning and was especially damaging because Mexico City is built on an ancient lakebed.The sand and silt(淤沙,淤泥) under the city are much less stable (稳固的)than bedrock.After the quake,city officials found 3,000 buildings were destroyed,and another 100,000 needed repairs.Gas mains broke
5、open,causing fires throughout the city. Another devastating(毁灭性的) earthquake in Mexicos recent history hit Veracruz on August 23,1973. Because it took place at 4 a.m.many people died in their beds when homes and apartment houses fell down around them.Between 600 and 1,200 people died with hundreds i
6、njured and many buildings destroyed.,Mexico will always experience earthquakes,simply because of its location(位置).Mexicans have learned to recognize the warning signs of a quake and what to do if one hits.This can be as simple as noticing when wind chimes (风铃) are moving on a day without wind,which
7、might provide the extra (额外的)seconds needed to make a safe escape. 导读诱思 Why do earthquakes often happen in Mexico? 答案 Earthquakes often happen in Mexico simply because of its location.It is one of the most active earthquake areas.,Section Warming Up,Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending,一、词汇新知 1.通过查阅
8、词典,写出下列单词的派生词 (1)nation n.民族;国家;国民 adj.国家的;国民的;民族的 adj.国际的;国际关系的;世界的 (2)extreme adj.极度的 adv.极度地 (3)injure vt.损害;伤害 adj.受伤的 n.伤害,损害;受伤处 (4)electricity n.电;电流;电学 adj.电的;电动的;发电的;导电的 adj.有关电的;电气科学的 (5)bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏 n.埋葬;葬礼 答案 (1)national;international (2)extremely (3)injured;injury (4)electric;electr
9、ical (5)burial,2.选择合适的词组填空 right away as if at an end in ruins dig out (1)Must I do the work ? No,you neednt. (2)Many people were buried under the mine. The soldiers are the trapped people. (3)The whole city is . It is in need of help from all over the world. (4)You will feel you were at home while
10、here. (5)My holiday is and I must go back to work tomorrow. 答案 (1)right away (2)digging out (3)in ruins (4)as if (5)at an end,二、阅读导学 1.When an earthquake happens,what should we do to protect ourselves? 答案 Firstly,dont panic and calm down.Secondly,find a safe place to stay in.If in a room,find someth
11、ing hard,such as a desk,a table or even a bed,and never take a lift to go downstairs.If in the open air,find an open place,such as the playground. 2.阅读课文,选择正确答案 阅读A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP,选择正确答案 (1)The title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP” means . A.the earth was wide awake all night long B.peo
12、ple on the earth couldnt fall asleep that night C.the earth shook like being crazy,causing great damage to people D.animals on the earth did not sleep that night,C,(2)All the following strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake EXCEPT that . A.the water in the village wells ros
13、e and fell B.mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide C.the sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky D.fish swam in the bowls and ponds freely and pleasantly as usual (3)We can infer from the text that . A.the whole city was at an e
14、nd B.the armys coming brought hope to the city C.people lost hope faced with the terrible earthquake D.the signs before the earthquake werent clear at all,D,B,(4)What does the first paragraph mainly tell us about? A.People saw bright lights in the sky at about 3:00 am on July 28,1976. B.A terrible e
15、arthquake happened that night. C.People were asleep as usual that night. D.Some strange things happened before the earthquake. (5)Whats the meaning of the last sentence “Slowly,the city began to breathe again.”? A.People werent sad any more. B.The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. C.The ea
16、rthquake finally came to an end. D.Those who were trapped were saved.,D,B,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 想象一下你家的房子开始晃动,你必须马上离开家。 imagine v. 想象 【高考典句】(2017全国,D)Charles Darwin,over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intim
17、ate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. 150多年前,查尔斯达尔文就想象了一个比我们所看到、听到更加繁忙、更加吵闹而且更加亲密的世界。 Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. 也想象一下闭着眼睛度过你的余生会是什么样子。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 Can you imagine a 60-year-old Japanese floating two days alone
18、 in the sea? right away立刻;马上 I want it typed right away,please. 请立即把它打印出来。 Wait for a moment.I will be back right away. 等一会儿,我马上回来。 (2)记一记长知识,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 剖析本句中的介词短语in the farmyards
19、在句中作地点状语,意思是“在农家大院中”。too nervous to eat在句子中作表语,意思为“太紧张了而不吃食物”,在这里我们要注意词组too.to.,意为“太而不能”。如: The man is too old to carry such a heavy box. 这个人太老了,搬不动这么重的箱子。 合作探究 记一记长知识 词组too.to.可以由词组be not enough to替换。副词too与all,only,quite等副词连用,构成all too.“太”;only too.“非常、实在太”;quite too.“简直太”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,
20、4,5,6,7,8,9,3.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内,有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。 burst vi. 爆裂;爆发 n. 突然破裂;爆发 The water pressure burst the pipes. 水的压力使水管爆裂了。 When the balloon burst,the little girl burst out crying/burst into tears. 气球爆裂时,小女孩突然大哭起来。 Upon his appearance,there was a burs
21、t of applause. 他一出现就爆发出一阵掌声。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 When the man burst into the office,I was talking with a student of mine. She burst into tears when she learned her failure in the exam. =She burst out crying when she learned her failure in the exam. Upon hearing the funny story,everybody
22、 burst into laughter. =Upon hearing the funny story,everybody burst out laughing. The door opened suddenly and the children burst in.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,(2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.突然大哭,放声大哭 b.突然大笑,放声大笑 c.打断;闯进来 d.闯入,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日! 剖析本句中的as
23、 if引导的是一个表语从句,其中as if可以与as though换用。 as if 仿佛;好像 It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 是约翰打破了窗子。你为什么和我谈话就好像是我做的一样?,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究1 (1)读一读细观察 It seems as if/though their team is going to lose the game. 看来他们队好像要输掉这场比赛。 用法 as if与as though同义,在look,seem等系
24、动词后引导表语从句。 The floodwater pushed aside the cars as if they were toys. 洪水把汽车推向一边,就好像它们是玩具。 用法 as if常用来引导方式状语从句。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,(2)记一记长知识 as if引导的从句的语气及时态根据当时的情况而定。当说话者认为句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if 从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所描述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,as if从句用虚拟语气。 【高考典句】(2017全国)When fat and salt are removed
25、 from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 当把脂肪和盐分从食物中提取出来后,食物尝起来就像是缺少了什么东西一样。 He treats his stepfather as if he were a stranger. 他待他的继父如同陌生人一般。 用法 as if引导的从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词应该用were)。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years. 他
26、英语讲得很好,好像他在英国生活了很多年似的。 用法 as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。 I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己心花怒放。 用法 as if从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,at an end 结束;终结 Thank God!The work is at an end! 谢天谢地!这活儿终于干完了! 合作探究2 (1)读一读细观察 We had studied English for three years b
27、y the end of last term. The war came to an end in 1948. At the end of the day,she returned to take me back to my accommodation. We must put an end to this foolish behaviour. The plan ended in failure.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,(2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.到末尾 b.结束 c.在结束/末尾 d.结束 e.以结束,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1
28、,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变成了一片废墟。 ruin n. 废墟;毁灭 vt. 毁灭;损害 The soldiers were rescuing the people buried in the ruins. 战士们正在营救埋在废墟中的人们。 Many villages had been burned and ruined. 许多村庄被烧毁。 Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
29、 不要让小小的分歧毁了你们的友谊。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. He ruined himself by taking drugs. What he does will ruin his fame. (2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.毁灭,落空 b.成为废墟,坍塌 c.毁坏某人的名誉 d.毁掉自己,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,6.Two-thirds of them died or were
30、 injured during the earthquake. 三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。 剖析“分数+of+.”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应由of后面的词决定。如果of后面接population这一名词时,谓语动词的单复数应由表语来确定。 Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 三分之二的美国人每天使用电脑或其他数码产品的时间多达七个小时。 Two-thirds of the work has been finished by now
31、. 到目前为止已完成了三分之二的工作。 注意 类似用法的还有“some of,plenty of,a lot of,most of,the rest of,all of,half of,part of或百分数+of+.”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,injure vt. 损害;伤害 You will injure your health by smoking too much. 你吸烟太多,会损害身体的。 One of the players injured his knee. 其中一名球员伤了膝盖。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 We ran t
32、o escape and fortunately no one was injured. The boy cant go to play basketball because of his injury. The injured in the accident were sent to the nearest hospital right away. (2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.injured b.injury c.复数,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,(3)想一想善辨析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,7.Ev
33、erywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看,那里的一切都几乎被毁了。 destroy vt. 破坏;毁坏;消灭 The flood destroyed many houses. 洪水摧毁了许多房屋。 You have destroyed my life and all my hopes. 你毁了我的一生和我的一切希望。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究 想一想善辨析,A sudden storm destroyed the farmers crops and greatly damaged their
34、 houses,and it ruined their hope. 一场突如其来的暴风雨毁坏了农民们的庄稼,并对房子造成了巨大破坏,这毁掉了他们的希望。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8.People were shocked. 人们震惊了。 shock vt.震惊 The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee. 父母对他们的儿子膝盖需要手术的消息感到震惊。 She was taken to hospital suffering f
35、rom shock. 她因休克被送到医院。 Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. 她的丈夫和她在一起,但是到处都是血,这个妇女非常尴尬,很明显处于极度震惊状态。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 The news of his death was a shock to us. People present were shocked at the words from him. The s
36、hocking news has left the woman in great sorrow. (2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.(感到)震惊的 b.(令人)震惊的,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面。 rescue n.营救 【高考典句】(2017全国,B)I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. 我收到了来自Muttontown
37、一位妇女的救援电话。 Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing languages. 许多学者正在努力拯救正在消失的语言。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究1 (1)读一读细观察 The lifeboats were sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship. John came to my rescue when I was in danger. (2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.把从(地方)营救出来 b.援救或帮助某人 (3)想一想善辨析 rescu
38、e多指在紧急情况下迅速有力地抢救,后常接from,意为“从中救出”。 save是普通用语,使用范围比较广泛,意为“挽救,搭救”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,trap vt.使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境 The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him,and he began to run happily around again. 那匹马驹事实上是被困在了两块岩石之间。农夫解救了它,它又开始快乐地到处跑。 When you are in a trap,I will come to yo
39、ur help. 当你处于困境时,我会来帮助你。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,合作探究2 (1)读一读细观察 Once you fall into a trap,it will not be easy to get out of it. They were trapped in a cave. (2)写一写勤总结,答案 a.落入圈套 b.被困在,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,一,二,一、单句填空 1.It is said that in India there is a (nation) festival on October 20 to honor Mohandas Gandh
40、i. 答案 national 2.A basketball player is out of the team because of (injure). 答案 injury 3.It (shock) me to see how he treated a stranger. 答案 shocked 4.In my opinion,it is dangerous to be a (mine). 答案 miner 5.A woman and her daughter (trap) in the burning hotel. 答案 were trapped,一,二,6.This coat is (dir
41、t),so Ill take it to the laundry. 答案 dirty 7. (electrical) shouldnt be wasted in our daily life. 答案 Electricity 8.The moment I heard it,I knew the meeting was an end. 答案 at,一,二,二、单句改错 1.Years of fighting have left the area in ruin. 答案 ruinruins 2.As far as I know,no both of them smoke. 答案 nonot 3.Tom rescued a cat of the river on his way home. 答案 offrom 4.It seemed as if she was an angel. 答案 waswere 5.A number of students is in the dining hall now. 答案 isare,
