1、Unit 4,Wildlife protection,知识清单,(一) 基本单词 1. _ n. 损失; 遗失; 丧失 2. _ vt. 怜悯,loss,hunt,relief,mercy,单词,5. _ adj. 确定的; 某一; 一定 6. _ vt. 包含; 容纳; 容忍 7. _ vt. 影响; 感动; 侵袭 8. _ n. 事变,certain,contain,affect,harm,bite,incident,(二) 派生单词 11. _ vt. 继任 _ n. 成功 _ adj. 成功的,decrease,increase,respond,response,succeed,suc
2、cess,successful,14. _ vt. 雇用; 利用 _ n. 利用; 雇用 _ n. 雇员 _ n. 雇主 15. _ vt. 检查; 视察 _ n. 检查; 视察,employ,employment,employee,employer,inspect,inspection,1. 灭亡; 逐渐消失 2. 和平地; 和睦地; 安祥地 3. 在危险中; 垂危 4. 如释重负; 松了口气 5. 保护不受(危害) 6. 注意 7. 形成; 产生 8. 按照; 根据所说,die out in peace in danger in relief protect from pay attent
3、ion to come into being according to,短语,It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests.,句式,核心要点,1. relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的) 减轻或解除; 减轻痛苦的事物In relief Daisy burst into laughter. （课文原句）黛西如释重负，突然笑了起来。,单词,【归纳】in relief 如释重负; 松了口气to ones relief 使某人感到庆幸的是(much) to ones reli
4、ef 使人宽慰的what a relief 真叫人宽慰,2. mercy n. 仁慈; 宽恕; 怜悯Farmers hunted us without mercy.（课文原句）农民们总是惨无人道地捕杀我们。,【归纳】 “怜悯，饶恕，宽恕”。beg for mercy 恳请宽恕，乞怜 have mercy on sb. / show mercy to sb. 对某人表示怜悯without mercy 无情地at the mercy of . 任摆布或控制，对无能为力, “幸运，恩惠”。Its a mercy (that) . 幸运的是。如：Its a mercy that the acciden
5、t happened so near the hospital. 【拓展】 merciless adj. 毫不怜悯的，残忍的 merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的,3. certain adj. 确定的; 某一; 一定They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. （课文原句）如果游客付给农民钱的话，他们允许游客来猎取一定数量的动物。,【归纳】 certain 作形容词，“确定的，无疑的”，常作表语；也可作前置定语，“某一，某种”。常用结构如下： be cer
6、tain of 对有把握 be certain to do sth. 肯定/确定做,be certain that . 肯定/确定/确信 make certain that . 弄明白，弄清楚 make certain of sth. / doing sth. 确保（做某事） It is certain that 是肯定/确定的,【辨析】 certain & sure certain与sure都可表示“肯定的，确定的”，都可作表语。但certain还有“某一，某种”之意，可作前置定语修饰名词，而sure无此用法。此外certain可用于It is certain that . 结构中，而sur
7、e则常用人作主语。如： Theyre sure / certain to be late. It was certain that they would be late. Im sure hell manage it.,4. contain vt. 包含; 容纳; 克制(强烈的感情等); 抑制It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. （课文原句）它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。,【归纳】 contain “包含, 含有, 容纳, 里面装有”, 指的是包含的全部内容或容量, 也可指里面所含的成分, 不用于进行时态。 incl
8、ude “包含”, “连.在内, 计入, 算入, 包括”, 表示所包含之物中的一部分, 宾语往往是主语的一部分。,【即时应用】 用contain/include的适当形式填空。 1) My mother was unable to _ her anger. 2) The bottle _ two glasses of beer. 3) The health club _ a gym, a swimming pool and a locker room. 4) The whole book _ 12 units, _ two tests.,contain,contains,includes,co
9、ntains,including,affect vt. 影响; 感动; 侵袭,【归纳】 affect sb. to tears 把某人感动得掉泪 be greatly affected 很受感动 be affected with high fever 发高烧 have an effect on/upon . 对.有影响,【辨析】 affect/ effect/ influence affect作动词，多指外来的行为、作用等产生的影响，侧重指消极影响，主语通常是物而不是人。如： Their opinion will not affect my decision. effect作名词，侧重影响的结
10、果，常用于have a good / bad effect on / upon sth. / sb.结构中。如： This had a great effect on the future of both mother and son.,influence指通过劝说、榜样或行为，间接地、无形地、潜移默化地影响某人的思想或行为。作动词时，宾语通常是表示人、思想、性格、行为等的名词；作名词时，后常接含on，upon，over，with等的介词短语。也可指自然力的影响。如： A teacher has great influence over his pupils.,【提示】 affect 只能用作
11、动词，除了“影响”之意，还可以引申为“感动，感染”；而 effect 用作名词，着重影响的结果，多用于短语 have an effect on，意为“影响”。,【即时应用】 用affect/effect的适当形式填空。 Staying up too late will have a bad _ on your health. 2) The boy was absorbed in reading without being _ by the noise outside.,effect,affected,5. appreciate v. 鉴赏; 感激; 意识到You should pay more
12、 attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. （课文原句）你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。,【归纳】 作“欣赏，鉴赏”讲时，其后常接名词或代词作宾语。如：You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation., 作“感谢，感激”讲时，后面可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式（或其复合结构）以及宾语从句。如：I appreciate your / you mak
13、ing the effort to come.I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.I appreciate what youve done for me., sb. + would appreciate it if . “如果某人将不胜感激”。如：He would appreciate it if you could do him that favor.,【辨析】 appreciate & thank 都可表示“感谢”，用法上有区别。appreciate后接表示“物”的名词；thank后接“人”，thank s
14、b.或thank sb. for (doing) sth.。 【拓展】 appreciation n. 欣赏，感谢。,6. succeed vi. 成功; 继承 vt. 接替; 继任What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed? （课文原句）如果想成功的保护野生动植物我们必须做什么?,【归纳拓展】succeed (in) doing sth. 成功.succeed to sth. 继承.succeed sb. as . 接替某人成为.success n. U 成功; 成就 C 成功的人或事物successful adj. 成功的s
15、uccessfully adv. 成功地success n. 成功（不可数名词）；成功的人或事（可数名词）。,【辨析】 succeed in 以事物作主语时用succeed with。如: He has succeeded in the attempt. The attempt succeeded with him. 他的那次尝试成功了。,【即时应用】用上述词汇完成下列情景。 To tell the truth, I used not to be a _ in communicating with others. But later I went to a night school and _
16、 learning some social skills. Then I was _ in making friends with many young people. Actually its not difficult to _ improving yourself.,success,succeeded (in),successful,succeed (in),7. employ vt. 雇用; 利用(时间/精力等)Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals? （课文原句）可以雇佣他们在公园工作，并且不
17、伤害动物吗?,【归纳】be employed in. 忙于employ. as. 把用作employ oneself on. 从事于; 时间花在employ oneself (in) doing sth.从事于/ 忙于某事employ sb. to do sth. 雇某人做某事,【即时练习】 After two years _ (失业), he has just _ (被雇用) by a big company. To be a good _ (员工), he _ (花费) all his spare time in learning about new things about the co
18、mpany. Soon he is promoted by his _ (雇主).,unemployment,been employed,employee,employs,employer,1. in peace 和睦地；安静地，平静地About 30-40 remain after being left in peace with no hunting. （课文原句）在没有捕杀的和平状态下，大约还有30到40只。,短语,【拓展】 in danger 在危险中in relief 如释重负in order 状态良好in silence 沉默in power 执政in progress 在进行中i
19、n surprise 惊讶地,2. in danger (of) 处于危险中Why are they in danger of disappearing? （课文原句）为什么它们处于消失的危险中？,【归纳】 in danger 在危险中，处境危险in danger of 有的危险，坏事或不快之事发生的可能性，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式（短语）。 【拓展】 out of danger 脱离危险,3. die out 灭亡; 逐渐消失As a result these endangered animals may even die out. （课文原句）因此，这些濒危动物甚至可能灭绝。,【
20、拓展】die away (声音/光线/风声等)逐渐消失die down (火/情绪/风暴等)由强变弱/熄灭/ 平静下来die off (动/植物等) 相继死亡; (草木等)枯死be dying for 很想要; 渴望,【即时应用】 用适当的介/副词填空。 As the region is becoming hotter, this kind of grass is dying _. 2) Their chatter and laughter died _ as the group rushed out of the classroom. 3) When all the guests had l
21、eft, the whole house died _. 4) We need to take action before all the endangered animals die _.,off,away,down,out,4. protect . from 保护不受 (危害)“Im protecting myself from mosquitoes.” （课文原句）我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。,【拓展】prevent . (from) . 阻止.做.stop . (from) . 阻止.做.keep . (from) . 阻止.做.under ones protection= under
22、the protection of sb. 受某人保护,【提示】 prevent/ stop/ keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事, 在 prevent / stop . from doing sth. 中的from在主动句中可以省略, 而在被动句中不可省略。keep . from doing sth. 中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。,5. pay attention to 注意; 关注You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the ani
23、mals live together. （课文原句）你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。,【拓展】draw/ attract/ catch attention to .引起某人的注意turn ones attention to 把注意力转移到 fix/ focus/ concentrate ones attention on/ upon 注意力集中在 devote ones attention to 把注意力放在,6. come into being 形成; 产生They lived on the earth tens of millions of ye
24、ars ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at the time. （课文原句）千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。,【拓展】come into existence 开始存在; 形成; 产生 come into fashion 开始流行; 风靡come into effect 生效come into sight/ view 看得见come into office 就职come into power 当权; 执政come into use/ s
25、ervice 开始被使用,【提示】 come into being 是不及物动词短语, 无被动形式, 也不用于进行时态。 【即时应用】完成句子。No one knows when such a custom _ (形成). (2) A new rule will soon _ (生效).,came into being,come into effect,1. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests.,as引导方式状语从句, “按照, 如同”。如： Do as
26、I say! 按我说的去做！ When in Rome, do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。,句式,as 作连词的其他用法： 当时候; 一面一面; 随着(引导时间状语从句) 因为; 既然(引导原因状语从句) 尽管adv. 同样地; 例如; 被认为prep. 作为; 如同conj. 因为; 像; 当 之时; 像 一样; 结果; 尽管,e.g. They sang songs as they were doing farm work. 他们一边干农活, 一边唱歌。 As the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for
27、it. 因为工资低, 没有什么人申请这份工作。 Intelligent as she is, she works very hard. (= Although she is clever .) 尽管聪明, 她还是很努力。,【提示】 as 意为“尽管”时, 须将表语/状语等提前, 其他成分保持陈述语序; 名词提前时, 去掉冠词。如： Child as he was, he knew a lot. (= Although he was a child .) 虽然是个孩子, 但他懂得很多。,2. Please take me to a distant land where I can find th
28、e animal that gave fur to make this sweater. 【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。 主句是Please take me to a distant land，where引导定语从句。 在where引导的从句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词animal。,【仿写】 汤姆昨天带我去了一家书店，在那里我买了一本描写中国文化的书。 _ _,Yesterday Tom took me to a bookstore where I bought a book that / which describes Chinese culture.,3. You s
29、hould pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。 and连接两个并列的谓语pay和appreciate； where I live是定语从句，修饰rainforest；how the animals live together是宾语从句，作appreciate的宾语。,【仿写】 警察搜查了他住的地方，知道了他是如何逃脱的。 _ _,The police searched the place where he
30、lived and knew how he escaped.,【语境展示】 观察下列句子。 1. Li Ying, come to the kitchen and help me to wash the vegetables.Please wait a minute. Im being told that we will have a meeting in Beijing tomorrow. 2. A nature park is being built in this area in order to protect wild animals. 3. Some measures are be
31、ing taken to prevent people destroying the forest.,语法,现在进行时的被动语态,【自我归纳】 现在进行时被动语态的构成形式：am/is/ are + being +动词的过去分词（13）。 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行着的被动动作（1）；也可表示现阶段正在进行着的被动动作（2和3）。,【拓展】 1. 现在进行时的被动语态与always, constantly等词连用时，表示经常性的被动动作，此时往往带有赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩。如：Recently my daughter is always being praised by the te
32、achers.To the teachers anger, the silly questions are always being asked by his students.,2. 某些介词如under / in / on等+名词，可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。如：The injured man in the accident is under treatment (= is being treated) in the nearest hospital now.Can I use the telephone?Sorry, it is in use (= is being used) n
33、ow.,【即学即练】. 用动词的正确形式填空。 1. Mike will have to go to work by bus as his car _ (repair) now. 2. A new stadium _ (decorate) here these days. They hope to finish it next month. 3. Whats that noise?Oh, let me see. The new machine _ (test).,is being repaired,is being decorated,is being tested,4. The new li
34、brary _ (complete) already and is ready for use. 5. We are living with my parents at the moment because our house _ _ (rebuild).,has been completed,is being,rebuilt,. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。Cellphones or mobile phones, make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. Words and pictures 1. _ _ (send)
35、throughout the world at the moment. Modern cellphones are more than just phones they 2. _ (use) as cameras and radios, and to send e-mails or surf the Internet.,are being,are being used,sent,New functions (功能) 3. _ (add) to the phones in the past few years. Now cellphones have features such as games
36、, music and an electronic calendar that can 4. _ (use) to remind you of appointments and important dates. Cell phones have changed our behavior and how we communicate. They 5. _ (use) everywhere sometimes where they shouldnt.,have been added,be used,are being used,. 高考链接。 After school we went to the
37、 reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it _ (decorate). (2012安徽) 【解析】放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。went可知应用过去的某时态；句意可知叙述正在发生的情况；it (the reading room)与decorate为被动。,was being decorated,One headmaster says that no phones 6. _ (allow) in his schools classrooms. “If a phone starts ringing in
38、the classroom, teachers and students 7. _ (disturb) and can not work.” The students obey the rules and agree not to use their phones in the classroom.,are allowed,are disturbed,劝说性信函是向某个组织或个人提出劝说性建议的一种应用文体。 【写作指导】 劝说性信函多采用的写作步骤和常用表达： 1. 所面临的问题。常用表达：You really want to. but.I hear you have decided to.
39、 but I think.What a surprise it is that you.,写作,如何写劝说性信函,2. 提出建议，给出充足理由。常用表达：I personally think it would be better.First, I suggest. Second, .I think, you need to first. Second, you need.I believe if you., you will surely.On the one hand., on the other hand.If you agree with me and want to.,3. 简单表达自
40、己的希望。常用表达： I hope you will take my advice into account. I hope you will find these suggestions practical / useful / helpful . 注意： 1. 劝说性信函的语气要委婉。 2. 要符合英语信件的基本格式。 3. 所举理由的说服力和可信度。 1) 逻辑和论据让对方赞同你的观点。 2) 用具体事实证明观点或建议是可靠的。,【写作任务】 假设你是李华，网友Tom因为家境贫寒决定辍学去赚钱。请用英语写一封信，劝他留在学校，继续读书。 注意： 1. 词数120左右；2. 参考词汇：辍学
41、drop out of school _ _,【参考范文】 Dear Tom,Im so surprised to hear that you have decided to drop out of school. I dont think it is wise to do so. Most large companies are in need of people with knowledge, so how can you find your dream job if you choose to drop out of school so early? My elder brother o
42、nce had the same idea as you, but he finally chose to study first, and now he has gained his dream job.,I personally think it would be better for you to finish your studies first. Being knowledgeable and skillful helps you a lot when seeking a job. I hope you will take my advice into account. I am l
43、ooking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. At a(n) _ (distant) of six miles you cant see much. 2. We should tell people the _ (important) of banning the use of plastic bags. 3. We will pay more attention to wildlife _ (protect) from now on.,distance,importance,protection,4
44、. This group of chemicals is known to be _ (harm) to people with heart disease. 5. _ (attend), please, I have something important to say. 6. The books he found in the church looked faded, _ (dust) and unused. 7. The picture quality is bad because the TV signal isnt _ (power) enough.,harmful,Attentio
45、n,dusty,powerful,II. 用合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。die out, respond to, burst into laughter, in peace, for sure, according to, so that, come into being 1. I know _ that chances belong to those who are always ready. 2. She _ these questions and then went out of the room. 3. Scientists have many theories about how
46、the universe first _.,for sure,responded to,came into being,die out, respond to, burst into laughter, in peace, for sure, according to, so that, come into being 4. People of different religions have lived together _ for centuries in this country. 5. Many animals have _ because of much killing and hu
47、nting. 6. Upon hearing the funny story, my little brother _.,in peace,died out,burst into laughter,die out, respond to, burst into laughter, in peace, for sure, according to, so that, come into being 7. Everything went _ plan, and we arrived on time. 8. Jack saved up his money _ he might go abroad for his summer holiday.,
