1、Unit 2 The United Kingdom,知识归纳,(一) 基本单词 1. _ vt. 澄清; 阐明 2. _ vt. 完成; 达到; 实现 3. _ n. 矛盾; 冲突 4. _ vi. 组成; 在于; 一致 5. _ prep. 加上; 和 adj. 加的; 正的; 零上的,clarify,accomplish,conflict,consist,plus,知识清单,6. _ n. 争吵; 争议; 吵架 vi. 争吵; 吵架 7. _ adj. 相同的; 类似的 8. _ adj. 壮丽的; 辉煌的; 极好的 9. _ n. 错误; 过失; 谬误 10. _ vt. 使激动; 使胆
2、战心惊,quarrel,alike,splendid,error,thrill,(二) 派生单词 11. _ vi. 粗糙地,unite,united,union,convenience,convenient,rough,roughly,14. _ vt. 吸引; 引起注意 _ n. 有趣的东西; 吸引人之 物_ adj. 有吸引力的 15. _ n. 描写; 描述_ vt. 描写; 描述,attract,attraction,attractive,description,describe,16. _ adj. 配备好装备的; 带家具 的_ vt. 装备; (用家具等)布置(房 间、公寓);
3、提供 17. _ n. 可能(性)_ adj. 可能的; 合理的 18. _ vt. 筹备; 安排; 整理_ n. 安排; 筹备,furnished,furnish,possibility,possible,arrange,arrangement,19. _ vt. 折叠; 对折_ (反义词) vt. 打开 20. _ n. 快乐; 高兴; 喜悦vt. 使高兴; 使欣喜_ adj. 高兴的; 快乐的_ adj. 令人高兴的,fold,unfold,delight,delighted,delighting,1. 由组成 _ 2. 把分成 _ 3. 谈到; 说到; 参考; 涉及 _ 4. 挣脱(束
4、缚); 脱离 _ 5. 为带来荣誉; 值得赞扬; 在名下_,consist of,divide into,refer to,break away (from),to ones credit,6. 省去; 遗漏; 不考虑 _ 7. 代替 _ 8. (机器)损坏; 破坏 _,leave out,take the place of,break down,(三) 短语,1. It looked splendid when first built！when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。,(四) 句式,2. It seemed strange that
5、 the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. It seemed.that 结构,课文原句: You can clarify this question if you study British history. 但如果你学过英国历史, 就能弄清楚这个问题。,1. clarify v. 澄清; 阐明,核心要点,(一) 单词,【归纳】 clarify sth. 澄清; 讲清楚 clarify从句 阐明; 澄清 seek/ask for clarification of/on 弄清楚/阐明 【拓
6、展】clarification n. 澄清; 阐明,完成句子。 1) 我希望这能阐明我的立场。I hope this _. 2) 她要他说清楚他是什么意思。She asked him to _. 3) 我正在努力弄清楚这些规则。Im _ the regulation.,clarifies my position,clarify what he meant,seeking clarification of/on,2. conflict n. 冲突,课文原句: Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Sco
7、tland became King of England and Wales as well. 令人庆幸的是，当英格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。,【归纳】conflict作名词时，意为：冲突，争执(常和介词between及over连用，也可用于in conflict with sb.结构，意为“和发生冲突”)；矛盾，抵触(常用于in conflict with sth.结构，意为“与不一致/矛盾”) e.g. There was a lot of conflict between him and his father.,The management t
8、eam wants to resolve the conflict over wages. John is often in conflict with his boss. Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other. conflict作动词时, 意为“冲突, 抵触”, 可与介词with连用。 e.g. Their account of events conflicts with ours.,完成句子。 1) 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分岐。She found herself _ her parents
9、 over her future career. 2) 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。These results _ earlier findings.,in conflict with,conflict with,3. convenience n. 便利; 方便,课文原句: England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便，它大致可以划分为三个地区。,【归纳】 for (the sake of
10、) convenience 为了方便起见 at ones convenience 在某人方便时 for the convenience of 为了方便 to ones convenience 对某人方便(合适),【拓展】convenient adj. 方便的; 便利的be convenient for sb./sth. 对于是方便 的if convenient 如果方便的话sth is convenient to sb. 某事对某人很方便,【温馨提示】 convenience 意为“方便, 便利”时为不可数名词; 表示“便利的事物, 便利设施”时为可数。 convenient用作形容词, 作表
11、语时主语不能是人, 多用于 “It is convenient for sb. to do sth.” 这一句型。,4. attract vt. 吸引; 引起,课文原句: It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。,【归纳】 attract ones attention/ mind/ eyes =attract the attention of sb. 吸引某人的注意力或目光 attract
12、 sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事,【拓展】attraction n. 有趣的东西; 吸引人的物have no/a little/much attraction for sb.对某人不具有/有一点/很有吸引力attractive adj. 有吸引力的; 引起注意的; 引起兴趣的,完成句子。 1) The earthquake which happened in India in September 2011 also _ (吸引 注意力) of the public. 2) The television _ (没吸引力) for me. 3) The new carton is _ (
13、对有吸引力) children.,attracted,has no attention,the attention,attractive to,5. arrange v. 筹备; 安排; 整理; 布置,课文原句： They had no time to arrange their own wedding, 他们没有时间筹备他们自己的婚礼,【归纳】 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 arrange (with sb.) to do sth. (与某人)约
14、定干某事 arrange that. 商定; 安排,【拓展】arrangement n. 安排, 筹备make arrangements for 安排好,【温馨提醒】 表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth. , 而不用 arrange sb. to do sth.。 make arrangements for 中的 arrangement常用复数形式。,完成句子。 1) 我和她约定8点钟见面。I _ at 8:00. 2) 经理安排格林小姐去机场接一位外宾。The manager _ _ a foreign guest at the airport. 3)
15、 当地报纸安排对那位著名的科学家进行采访。The local newspaper _ _ an interview with the famous scientist.,arranged with her to meet,arranged for Miss Green,made arrangements,to meet,for,6. delight n. 快乐; 高兴; 喜悦vt. (使)欣喜,课文原句: Her first delight was going to the Tower. 她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。,【归纳】delight作不可数名词时, 意为“快乐, 高兴”, 常用结构:
16、with / in delight 高兴地; to the delight of sb. / to sb.s delight 让某人高兴的是; take delight in 以为乐。 e.g. The kids are screaming with/in delight.She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans.To our great delight, the day turned out fine.,He seemed to take delight in embarrassing me. delight作可数名词时,
17、 意为“令人高兴的事, 乐趣”。 e.g. It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy. delight 作动词时, 意为“使快乐, 使高兴” , 常用结构: delight sb. with . 用使某人高兴; delight in 以为乐。 e.g. He is delighting audiences with his humour. Rose delighted in sharing her love of birds with children.,【拓展】delighted adj. 高兴的; 快乐的be delighted at/w
18、ith/by 为某事而高兴be delighted to do sth. 为而高兴be delighted that. 高兴delightful adj. 令人愉快的; 讨人喜欢的,用delight相关短语的适当形式填空。 1) I _ books. 2) She _ being surrounded by admirers. 3) Tom _ the sensation he was creating. 4) _ all his fans, he won the game easily. 5) _ the good news, she couldnt help crying.,take de
19、light in,delights in,was delighted at,To the delight of,Delighted at,7. thrill v. 使激动; 使胆战心惊n. 兴奋; 激动; 激动的事,课文原句: But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. 但是她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。,【归纳】 be thrilled about/ at/ with sth. 因某事而欣喜若狂 be t
20、hrilled to do sth. 做某事感到高兴 give sb. a thrill 使某人激动 with thrill 兴奋地 be thrilling 令人震颤的; 令人感动的,1. consist of 由组成,课文原句: How many countries does the UK consist of? 英国是由几个国家组成的？,(二) 短语,【归纳】consist in=lie in 存在于; 在于consist with 一致; 符合 【拓展】be made up of 由组成be composed of 由组成,【温馨提示】consist of 不能用于进行时态 和被动语态
21、。,一句多译。 该队由20位选手组成。 (1) _ (2) _ (3) _,The team consists of twenty members.,The team is composed of twenty members.,The team is made up of twenty members.,2. divide.into 把分成,课文原句: England can be divided into three main areas. 英格兰可以分成三个地区。,【归纳】 divide.between/among/with在之间分配/分担/分享 divide.by 用除以 be div
22、ided by 被除以 be divided into 被分成 divide.in half/two halves 把分成两半 divide up 分开；划分,【辨析】 divide into/separate fromdivide into常指把某个整体划分为若干部分。separate from表示“将与分开”, 指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来。,完成句子。 1) 苹果被一分为二。The apple _ two. 2) 英国和法国被英吉利海峡分开。England _ France by the English Channel.,was divided into,is separated f
23、rom,3. break away from 挣脱(束缚); 脱离,课文原句: However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而, 爱尔兰地南部却不愿意而分离出去了, 并建立了自己的政府。,【归纳】 break down (会谈)破裂; 失败; (汽车等)出故障; (人的健康状况)变得恶劣; (化学物)分解 break in 闯入; 打岔 break off 中断; 折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发; 发生 break up
24、 驱散; 分散; 打碎; 终止 break through 突围; 突破,用break短语的适当形式填空。 1) His car _ on the way to work this morning. 2) The fire must _ after the staff had gone. 3) If he carries on working like this, hell _ sooner or later. 4) The American southern states wanted to _ the Union.,broke down,have broken out,break down
25、,break away from,4. leave out 省去; 遗漏; 不考虑; 忽视,课文原句: Which country is left out? 哪个国家省略了？,【归纳】 leave alone 不管; 不理会 leave aside (把某事)搁置一边 leave behind 留下; 忘带; 遗留 leave for 动身去 leave off 停止; 中断,用适当的介/副词填空。 1) She left _ the date on the cheque. 2) Wait dont leave me _！ 3) Leave her _. She is in a mood no
26、w. 4) Mr. White will leave Boston _ Beijing with his wife.,out,behind,alone,for,5. take the place of 代替,课文原句: All of the words below can take the place of said, 以下所有的单词都可以替换为说,【拓展】 take ones place 就位; 代替 in place of 代替; 取代 take place 发生; 举办; 举行 out of/in place 不/在适当的位置; 不/在原处 in the first place 最初;
27、首先; 第一,【辨析】 take place/take the place of/take ones place take place 通常指经过计划、安排而“产生”或者“发生”。 take the place of 表示“代替, 接替(某人的职务或工作等)”, 也可写为: take ones place。 take ones place 除了可以替换take the place of外, 还可表示“就座, 到某人应去的位置上”, 其中ones与句中的主语指同一个人。,完成句子。 1) 运动会将在何时举行？When will the sports meeting _? 2) 今天你能顶替王先生
28、吗？他病了。Can you _ Mr. Wang today? He is sick. 3) 好了, 大家各就各位, 演出马上就要开始了。Now, everybody _. The show will begin in a minute.,take place,take the place of,takes his place,1. It looked splendid when first built!when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。在状语从句中从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it, 且谓语部分含有be动词时, 这时可把从句的主语
29、(或it)连同be动词省略掉, 省略后的部分为“从属连词分词/介词短语/形容词/名词(短语)等”。 e.g. When (she was) a girl, she wrote a novel. 当她还是一个女孩时, 她写了一部小说。,(三) 句式,句型转换。 1) She sat there alone as if she were thinking of something.She sat there alone as if _ _. 2) Ice can be changed into water if it is heated.Ice can be changed into water
30、if _.,something,heated,thinking of,3) You can ask him for help when you are in trouble.You can ask him for help _ _. 4) If it is possible, Ill go to see my grandparents this weekend._, Ill go to see my grandparents this weekend.,trouble,If possible,when in,2. It seemed strange that the man who had d
31、eveloped communism should have lived and died in London.It seems/is strange that.句型表示“很奇怪”, it是形式主语, that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语; 注意that从句中谓语使用“should动词原形/have done”, 此时should表示对所发生的事情感到吃惊, 一般译为“竟然”。,e.g. 他竟然会对父母说出那样的话。It was strange that he should have said that to his parents.机会出现时, 他竟然没有抓住, 真是奇怪。It is str
32、ange that he should fail to seize the chance when it arose.,【温馨提示】Its natural/important/ necessary/a pity/a shame that.句型中, 从句的谓语使用“should动词原形”, should表示必要性, 惊讶、气愤等情感。 e.g. Its a pity that a top student should fail to pass the final examination.一位顶尖的学生竟然没有通过期末考试, 真遗憾。,完成句子。 1) 真可耻他竟然在公交车上偷那个女孩的钱包。It
33、s a shame he _ a girls wallet on the bus. 2) 那条大狗很自然地照顾她的孩子。Its natural that the old dog _ her baby.,should steal,should look after,过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的、完成的动作，宾语补足语与宾语之间常常存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。,语法,【归纳】 可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的(短语)动词有： 1. watch, see, observe, look at, hear, listen to, find, noti
34、ce等感官动词。 e.g. I watched the desk carried out of the classroom. The man found his hometown entirely destroyed.,2. make, get, have, keep, leave等使役动词。 e.g. My mother has her hair cut every two months. We must get the work finished before 6 oclock. The speaker didnt know how to make himself understood.,
35、3. want, order等表示希望、命令等意义的动词。 e.g. All of us wanted such questions discussed at the meeting. The manager ordered the problem settled as soon as possible.,【拓展】 介词with后也可接过去分词作宾语补足语，构成with复合结构。 e.g. With more flowers planted, the garden looks very beautiful. 动词ing形式、过去分词和不定式 作宾语补足语的区别 动词ing形式和不定式作宾语补足
36、语，宾语是其动作的执行者。动词ing形式强调动作的正在进行或延续性，不定式强调动作的全过程。,过去分词作宾语补足语，通常宾语是其动作的承受者，多强调动作的完成。 e.g. Did you hear someone singing a French song just now? (someone与singing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，singing表示的动作正在发生。),Did you hear someone sing a French song just now? (someone与sing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，sing强调动作全过程。) Did you hear a French son
37、g sung by someone just now? (sung与a French song之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，sung所表示的动作已完成。),用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. Jack had the letter _ (post) very soon. 2. Listen! Do you hear someone _ (shout) to Tom? 3. You should make your opinion _ (know). 4. Frank found his wallet _ (lose) when he got home. 5. You shouldnt leave
38、 the water _ (run) when you are washing your hands.,posted,shouting,known,lost,running,【写作任务】 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Johnson 来信希望了解你的家乡的情况。请你根据提示用英语给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括： 1. 地理位置和历史文化； 2. 经济和交通状况； 3. 美食和名胜古迹。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,写作,如何介绍你的家乡,【写作指导】 审题定调 本篇习作形式上要求写一封电子邮件介绍自 己的家乡，邮件的正文属于说明文，时态应以一般现在时为主。 谋
39、篇布局 电子邮件通常包括以下几个部分：信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。就本篇习作而言，正文可分为三部分： 第一部分：引出话题； 第二部分：介绍家乡； 第三部分：发出邀请。,组织语言 1. 开头段：表达问候，说明写信目的。,2. 中间段：介绍地理位置、历史文化、经济和交通状况、美食及名胜古迹。,3. 结尾段：邀请朋友前来做客。, 普通范文 Dear Johnson,How are you? Im glad to know that you are interested in my hometown. Here, Id like to tell you something about it.My
40、hometown, Luoyang City, lies in the west of Henan Province. It has a history of more than 4,000 years and is known as the origin of Chinese civilization. These years, it has made significant economic progress and the transportation is getting much more convenient.,As for snacks, my hometown is famou
41、s for its delicious noodles. It also has many tourist attractions such as Baima Temple and Longmen grottoes.Welcome to my hometown! Yours, Li Hua, 高级范文 Dear Johnson,Hows everything going? Knowing that you want to learn something about my hometown, Id be honored to introduce it to you.Located in the
42、west of Henan Province, my hometown, Luoyang City, is now enjoying a booming economy and industry. Modern transportation here allows us to go wherever we want. We have various tasty local snacks like,stewed noodles and tofu jelly, which you must try when you come. As a place with a long history, it
43、is famous for many cultural relics, such as Baima Temple and Longmen grottoes. It would give me great pleasure if you could accept my invitation to visit my hometown. Yours, Li Hua,巩固练习,I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 1. She was upset when she found herself in c_ with her parents over
44、her future career. 2. Davids only 30, and he already has four novels to his c_.,credit,conflict,3. Barry was unable to give police a(n) _ (描述) of his attacker. 4. The plane crash was caused by human e_, not mechanical failure. 5. Her injuries are _ (一致的) with having fallen from the building. 6. Ther
45、e are, r_ speaking, three possible solutions to our problem.,description,error,roughly,consistent,II. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. Were hoping to have the airport _ (crowd) with all kinds of aircraft. 2. The member of customer service staff got his leg _ (catch) in the gap between the train and the platform.,crowded,caught,3. I can make myself _ (understand) in French, but Im not fluent. 4. They must have kept the fire _ (burn) continuously during the winter. 5. She returned to her east London home and found her back door _ (force) open.,
