1、Unit 1 A land of diversity,知识归纳,1. _ n. 海峡 2. _ adj. 北极的; 北极区的 3. _ n. (政府的) 部; (全体)牧师; 牧师的职责 4. _ adj. 天主教的 n. 天主教徒 5. _ adj. 联邦制的; 联邦政府的 6. _ n. 铁路; 扶手; (护栏的)横条 7. _ n. 百分比; 百分率,strait,Arctic,ministry,Catholic,federal,rail,percentage,(一) 基本单词,知识清单,8. _ n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 9. _ n. 飞行器; 航空器
2、; 飞机 10. _ adj. 人种的; 种族的 11. _ n. 横渡; 横越; 十字路口;人行横道 12. _ n. 方法,boom,aircraft,racial,crossing,vice,pole,occur,means,16. _ vt. 民间的,shave,tram,brake,conductor,slip,ferry,angle,civil,24. _ n. 权威; 权力 (pl.) 当局; 官方 25. _ vt. 表示悲痛,authority,reform,grasp,thankful,insert,hardship,hire,nowhere,mourn,33. _ adj
3、. 清晰的; 明显的; 明确的 _ n. 差别; 区分; 卓著 34. _ vt. 选择; 决定做某事; 选举某人 _ n. 选举; 当选; 选举权 35. _ n. 侄子; 外甥_ n. 外甥女; 侄女 36. _ n. 社会主义者; 社会党人 adj. 社会主义的 _ n. 社会主义 37. _ n. 处罚; 惩罚_ vt. 惩罚; 处罚,distinct,distinction,elect,election,nephew,niece,socialist,socialism,punishment,punish,(二) 派生单词,38. _ n. 申请人 _ v. 申请; 请求 _ n. 申
4、请; 申请书 39. _ customs n. customer n. _ 40. _ vt. 指出; 标示; 表明; 暗示_ n. 表明; 象征; 指示; 标示 41. _ adj. 显然的; 表面上的; 显而易见的_ adv. 显而易见地; 显然地 42. _ n. 大多数; 大半(反义词) _ n. 少数; 少数民族,applicant,apply,application,海关; 关税; 进口税,顾客,indicate,indication,apparent,apparently,majority,minority,1. _ 继续存在; 继续生存 2. _ 用的方法; 借助 3. _ 大
5、多数的 4. _ 对宣战 5. _ 习惯新的生活方式、工作等 6. _ 坚持; 维持; 沿袭(风俗、传统等) 7. _ 某事被提到; 出现在头脑中,live on,by means of,the majority of,declare war on,make a life,keep up,occur to,(三) 短语,8. _ 背靠背 9. _与合作或一起工作 10. _ 标出(界线); 画线 11. _ 申请; 请示得到 12. _. 对感到感激,back to back,team up with,mark out,apply for,be thankful for,1. That is
6、why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. Thats why.那就是为什么(why从句表示结果),(四) 句式,2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultu
7、res.It is believed that. =People believe that 人们认为,1. means n. 方法; 手段 (单复数同形)课文原句: Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。,核心要点,(一) 单词,【归纳】by all
8、 means 可以, 没问题, 当然行by means of 依靠办法, 借助手段by no means / not by any means绝不, 一点也不live beyond ones means过着超过自己收入的生活live within ones means量入为出地生活,【运用】翻译下列句子。1) 他们依靠坚韧不拔而获得成功。 They succeeded by means of perseverance.2) 我们应该想方设法提高生产率。 We should by all means raise productivity.3) 这种游戏绝不会再发生了。It is by no me
9、ans certain that the game will take place.,means/way/method/manner/approachmeans指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段。 way是最普通、最常用的词, 可以指一切“方法、办法”。 method是指理论的或系统的方法, 有时是针对某个具体问题而采用的特殊方法, 常与with连用。,manner指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法, 与动作有关。 approach常与to搭配, 指从事某事的特别方法、途径。,2. majority n. 大半; 大多数,课文原句: Of the first Spanish to go
10、to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中, 大部分是宗教人士, 他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。,【归纳】a/the majority of 大多数, 大半be in the/a majority 占大多数have a majority over sb. 获得多于某人的; 战胜某人 【拓展】minority n. 少数in the minority 占少数major adj. 主
11、要的 vi. 专修; 主攻major in 主修,【运用】翻译下列句子。1) 他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。 He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes. 2) 在英国, 妇女占多数。 In Britain women are in the majority. 3) 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.,majority, family, class, group, team, government,
12、public, enemy, army, audience, committee等集体名词作主语时, 若将其视作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数; 若强调各个成员, 则谓语动词用复数。,温馨提示,3. elect vt. 选择; 决定做某事; 选举某人,课文原句: By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal State of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候, 它已经是一个有着多种文化
13、的社会了。,【归纳】“选举”时, 常用结构：elect sb. to sth.; elect sb. to be/as (to be/as后跟表示职务或头衔的名词, to be/as可省略); “选择/决定”时, 常用于elect to do sth.结构。 【拓展】election n. 选举; 选择; 抉择,4. occur vi. 发生; 出现课文原句:Yes. It didnt occur to me that.是的, 我没想到,【归纳】sth. occurs to sb. 某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. that. 某人想起it occurs to sb. to do
14、 sth.某人想起做某事,【拓展】occurrence n. 发生; 出现; (偶然)事件,表达“发生”之意时, occur与happen可以互换; 另外occur, happen, take place, break out等表示“发生; 爆发”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。occur 结构中主语不能是人, 而是想到的事情或it作形式主语。,温馨提示,5. indicate课文原句:Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.试着用上面的
15、表达表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。,【归纳】v. 表明, 显示; 象征, 暗示; 示意, 间接提及; 指示, 指出; 发出改变行车方向的信号e.g. Research indicates that over 91% of workers are satisfied with their pay. Toby took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. What made us angry was that the driver indicated left but turned right. 【拓展】indication n. 象征;
16、 显示; 标示,6. hire vt./ n. 租用; 雇佣课文原句:Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.同饭店里的一对夫妻作伴, 一起租了一辆小汽车。,【归纳】hire sth. out (to sb.) 把租出去on hire 出租 for hire 可供出租,e.g. Lets hire a car for the weekend.我们租辆车过周末吧！David used to hire out his car sometimes when he didnt need it him
17、self.大卫过去有时会在自己不用车的时候把车租出去。There are many boats for hire here.这里有许多船出租,hire 指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西, 有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意; 多指临时租用某物。如: hire a boat/ a car/a camera等。 employ 多指商店或公司长期雇用人手, 也可以解释为“忙于, 从事; 采用”。常用于be employed in sth./doing sth.短语中。 rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去), 多用于长时间的租借。如: rent a house/a fl
18、at/a TV等。rent还可作名词, 意为“租金, 租费”。,hire/employ/rent,【运用】 用hire, employ和rent的适当形式填空 Our house has been _ by a newlymarried couple. Its important to _ proper words in writing a poem. We _ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.,rented,employ,hired,7. reform vt. 悔改课文原句:In 1940 the civil authorities ref
19、ormed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.1940年民政部门改革了制度, 使得更多的中国人能够得到机会定居美国。【归纳】reform oneself 改过自新, 自我改造the open and reform policy 改革开放政策,1. live on 以为食, 靠(钱)生活, 继续活着, 继续存在课文原句：The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in
20、their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。,(二) 短语,【拓展】live by 按照(某一套信念或原则行事), 靠为生live for 为而活live off 依靠过活live up to 达到(某标准、高度等), 符合, 不辜负(他人的期望),2. by means of 用办法; 借助【拓展】 beyond/within ones means超过某人经济条件/在某人承受能力之内 by all means尽一切办法; 一定; 当然可以by any means 想一切办法; 一定要by some means (or other) 用某种办法by no
21、means / not by any means绝不; 一点也不,3. keep up 保持; 维持; 沿袭(风俗、传统等)课文原句:In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年, 丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇, 至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。,【拓展】keep (on) doing sth. 继续、重复做某事keep sth. up 使某物保持在高水平keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某
22、事keep on 继续keep to sth. 遵守, 信守,【运用】观察句子, 写出划线部分的含义。 Many people keep up this old tradition. ( ) The wet weather will keep up for three days. ( ) The high cost of building materials keeps the house price up. ( ) The help of her friends kept her up. ( ),沿袭,天气持续不变,保持在高水平,使不倒下,4. back to back adv. 背靠背地b
23、ack-to-back adj. 紧接的; 背靠着背的课文原句：Sit back to back with your partner so you cant see each other.和你的同伴背靠背坐着, 这样你们就谁也看不到谁了。 【拓展】face to face adv. 面对面地 face-to-face adj. 面对面的,5. team up with 与合作或一起工作课文原句:Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.同饭店里的一对夫妻作伴, 一起租了一辆小汽车。【拓展】ca
24、tch up with 赶上come up with (问题等)提出, 想出; 赶上end up with 以告终,fed up with 受够了, 饱受; 厌烦 fill up with 用装满 keep up with 跟上, 赶上 meet up with 偶遇 put up with 容忍, 忍受,6. apply for 申请; 请示得到课文原句:From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in U
25、SA. 从1882年到1940年, 天使岛成为一个著名的移民站, 许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。,【运用】填入适当的词。1) Ill apply _ the job today.2) What you said doesnt apply _ me.,to,for,【拓展】apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物apply to 适用于apply.to. 把应用到apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于; 专心做某事,1. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a fir
26、st or second language. why引导的为表语从句, 注意句式区别：Thats why.那就是为什么(why从句表示结果)Thats because.那是因为(because从句表示原因),(三)句式,The reason why.is/was that. 的原因 是(表语从句常用that引导, 而不用 because)。如： Thats why he is fond of swimming. 那就是他喜欢游泳的原因。 Mark came late for the meeting. That was because his mother was ill. 迈克开会迟到了, 那
27、是因为他妈妈生病了。,The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus often changes. 每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。,2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races an
28、d cultures.It is believed that. =People believe that 人们认为,结构分析: 本句It is believed that.句型里that引导一个 _ 从句; 该主语从句中又有so.that.句型, that引导 _ 状语从句; 该状语从句的结构是：there will be no.or.but .and .(将没有或而是)。,结果,主语,同类句型： It is thought that. 人们认为 It is said that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报道 It is hoped that. 希望 It is de
29、cided that. 兹决定 It is suggested that.有人建议,考点一: 主语从句 【考例】用适当的连接词填空。 1. _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. How。设空处引导主语从句, 且由题意(我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系)可知, 设空处在从句中作方式状语, 故填How。,名词性从句高考考点点拨,语法,2. _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. When。设空处引导主语从句, 且由题意(延误
30、的航班何时将起飞取决于天气)可知, 设空处在从句中作时间状语, 故填When。 3. I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. what。设空处引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语, 且由表语the colours he uses可知, 设空处指物, 故填what。,4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. whether。It
31、在此是形式主语, 故设空处引导主语从句, 且由for a short or a long time可知, 应填whether。,考点二: 宾语从句 【考例】用适当的连接词填空。 1. I truly believe _ beauty comes from within. that。设空处引导宾语从句，且从句结构及意义均完整，故填that。,2. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden
32、in the water. what。设空处引导宾语从句, 在从句中作主语, 且由Often there are rocks . in the water可知, 设空处指物, 故填what。,3. I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day. how。设空处引导宾语从句, 且由By working out every day可知, 设空处表方式, 故填how。 4. You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the
33、best way of getting there.where。设空处引导宾语从句, 且由plan the best way of getting there可知, 设空处表地点, 故填where。,考点三: 表语从句 【考例】用适当的连接词填空。 1. A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for. what。设空处引导表语从句, 且由ships are built for可知, 设空处在从句中作for的宾语, 指物, 故填what。,2. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink gr
34、een tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me. what。设空处引导表语从句, 且由tell sb. sth.可知, 设空处在从句中作宾语, 故填what。 3. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. when。设空处引导表语从句, 在从句中作状语, 且由The best moment可知, 设空处表时间, 故填when。,【即学即练】用适当连接词完成下面短文。,1. _ the J Street Band got together is an
35、 interesting story. Lead singer Jeremy put the band together. He held a blind audition for interested musicians. It was surprising 2. _ he chose. He selected a guitarist who was a 70-year-old. It made no difference 3. _ he was old or young the guy rocked! They play mostly their own songs. Their styl
36、e of music is unique. Eric is the one,whether,How,who/whom,who writes the lyrics. In 2013 they had a number one hit. Cheering fans greet them everywhere. Their ability to appeal to mixed audiences is 4. _ makes them different. They will start their national tour from San Jose this year. 5. _ they go
37、 on this tour is 6. _ they love the things they do. Its hard to say 7. _ makes a band successful. What matters most is 8. _ the fans like the bands songs and style. However, most people dont realize,that,what,Why,that,what,what,9. _ long musicians work in the shadows before achieving recognition. Bo
38、th talent and hard work are required if they want to achieve 10. _ they dream of.,how,如何写英语游记,写作,【写作任务】 假设你是李华，上周你和父母参加了某旅行社组织的香港三日游活动，请根据表格内容用英语写一篇游记。,注意: 1. 词数：120左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 参考词汇： 金紫荆广场 the Golden Bauhinia Square； 维多利亚港 Victoria Harbor； 游轮cruise ship,【写作指导】一、审题定调本习作要求写一篇以记录行程为主的记叙型游记
39、。此类写作写作时应注意以下几点：1. 按游览的顺序或时间来写；2. 写出景物的特点；3. 适当抒发自己的情感或发表自己的看法。游记类作文中的时态以过去时为主，人称多用第一人称。,二、谋篇布局 本篇习作可分为以下三部分： 第一部分：简述旅行概况（上周和父母参加了香港三日游活动）； 第二部分：描述旅游过程及所见所闻（具体的三日行活动介绍）； 第三部分：表达旅行感受（对香港之旅的评价）。,三、组织语言 1. 第一部分：简述旅行概况。,2. 第二部分：描述旅游过程及所见所闻。,3. 第三部分：表达旅行感受,【范文展示】 普通范文 Last week my parents and I visited H
40、ong Kong. We stayed there for three days.As soon as our plane reached Hong Kong we went straight to visit the Golden Bauhinia Square. After lunch, we went to Hong Kong Ocean Park. There we saw many interesting ocean creatures. After supper, we enjoyed the beautiful night scenes of Victoria Harbor on
41、 a cruise ship. The next day, we visited Hong Kong Disneyland and spent a happy day taking part in lots of exciting,activities. On the third day, we were showed around the streets and did some shopping.We were tired but our trip to Hong Kong was really unforgettable. I wont regret doing it., 高级范文 La
42、st week my parents and I made a three-day tour of Hong Kong.On our flights arrival, we headed straight for the Golden Bauhinia Square. After lunch, we went to Hong Kong Ocean Park, where we were impressed by a wide variety of amazing marine life. After supper, we admired the fascinating night scenes
43、 of Victoria Harbor from a cruise ship. The next day, we visited Hong Kong Disneyland and had much fun there participating in many thrilling activities. On the third day, we,went on a sightseeing tour of the streets and purchased some souvenir gifts.Exhausted as we were, it was worth it. Not only di
44、d it entertained me, but it also broadened my horizon.,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. _ (punish) for bad behavior can range from time-outs to with-drawing privileges, such as television. 2. The government should do more to promote _ (race) equality.,racial,Punishments,3. There are obvious _ (distinct) be
45、tween the two wine-making areas. 4. We booked a table at our local _ (Italy) restaurant. 5. We are so _ (thank) for all the support we received.,thankful,distinctions,Italian,II. 用适当的连接词填空。 1. I do not believe _ he has said. 2. _ he failed the fitness test is unknown. He might be too nervous at the
46、time. 3. Nobody knows _ he will arrive. In other words, he may appear at any time. 4. We expect _ there will be an improvement in his performance.,when,what,Why,that,5. Please let us know _ they would rather spend the night: Tent or Hotel? 6. I dont know _ I should tell her or not. 7. Their trouble
47、is _ they are short of skilled workers. 8. Its a great honour _ youve come to visit us.,that,where,whether/if,that,III. 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,The Spanish tourism industry is encouraging Indian filmmakers to make films in Spain after a 2011 film has 1. _ (apparent) more than doubled the number of Indian tourists visiting the country. Spain is already the third most 2. _ (visit) country in the world but wants to diversify its tourist base from the,
