1、人教版 必修一,Unit 4 Earthquakes,Period 3 Grammar,定语从句,定语从句“三五”法,什么是定语从句,在复合句中修饰主句中的名词或代词(即：修饰主语、宾语、表语)的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在所修饰的词的后面。如： The boy who / that is talking to Mr. Wang is my brother.正在同王老师谈话的那个男孩是我的弟弟。,什么是先行词,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词就是先行词。如： The man who is telling us a story is our English teacher.那个正在讲故事的男人就
2、是我们的英语老师。,什么是关系词,引导定语从句的单词叫做关系词。 关系词可分为： 关系代词，如：who, that, which, whom等； 关系副词，如：why, when, where等。如： 这就是雷锋同志曾经住过的那个房间。This is the room in which Comrade Lei Feng once lived.（关系代词） = This is the room where (= in which) Comrade Lei Feng once lived. （关系副词）,定语从句的位置,定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。,e.g. This is the car w
3、hich he bought last year.,先行词,定语从句,Do you know the man? He spoke just now.,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small.,The apple which is green is big.,I showed h
4、im the letter.,I received it this morning,I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.,注意一 ：关系词与先行词之间的连接作用,定语从句的引导词不仅具有引导作用，还具有连接作用。这说明并不是任何词都有资格做引导定语从句的关系词的。如： The letter that / which I received yesterday is an English one. 我昨天收到的那封信是英文信。 句中的引导词是that或which，但不能是it，it不能做关系代词。,注意二 ：关系代词与先行
5、词的替代作用,定语从句所修饰的名词或代词之所以叫先行词，是因为关系代词(不仅仅在意义上)在实际运用中与所修饰的词是相等的，换言之,关系代词在句子中必须替代所修饰的先行词。如： I have no paper that I can write on. 我没有可以在上面书写的纸。 句中的关系代词可以是指物的which或that，在句子中完全替代了paper，故介词on不能省略。,注意三： 关系代词在从句中的成分作用,关系词在从句中总是要充当一定的句子成分。如： This is a bed which / that both of us can lie on. = This is a bed on
6、which both of us can lie. 这里有一张我们两个人可以躺下的床。（作介词的宾语，不能省略on） The man who / that spoke at the meeting is a teacher and writer. 在会上发言的男人是个教师兼作家的人。（充当从句的主语）,注意四： 关系代词之间的用法差异,通常情况下，指人的往往用that，who或whom；指物时常常用that或which。 但指人时，下列情况只能用who，不宜用that。 1当先行词是anyone, one, ones等词时。如：Anyone who works on math problems
7、 must be careful. 做数学的任何人都要小心。 2在以there be开头的句子中。如：There is a teacher who wants to see you. 有一位老师要见你。 3当先行词是those时。如：Those who agree put up their hands. 同意的人请举手。,注意四：关系代词之间的用法差异,指人时下列情况不宜用who，应用that。如： 1当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the girl that is drawing on the blackboard. 在黑板上画画的那个女孩是谁？ 2当先行词
8、既指人，又指物时。如：They talked for a long time about things and persons that they remembered during the travel.他们谈论了很长时间他们记得的旅游中的人或事。,注意四：关系代词之间的用法差异,指物或指人时，下列情况用that，不能用which或who。 1当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, any, no等不定代词时。如：All that he dreams of comes true. 他的一切梦想实现了。
9、2当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the last, the same, the very等词所修饰时。如：He is the very man that I saw last week. 他正是我上周见到的那个人。 3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：The first English book that I read is Red Star over China我看的第一本英文书是西行漫记。指物时，当关系代词在介词之后作宾语，或非限定性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句分开的定语从句）中，则只能用which。
10、如：This is the house in which Comrade Lei Feng once lived. 这就是雷锋曾经住过的房子。,注意五：省略与时态的呼应问题,关系代词在从句作动词的宾语时，常可以省略；但若是作介词的宾语或其它成分时，一般不省略。如： No one likes the people who talk much but do little. 没有人喜欢谈得多做得少的人。（做主语，不能省略）I have no pens that I can write with. 我没有可写的钢笔了。（做介词的宾语，不能省略） 当关系代词是从句的主语时，要注意从句中的主谓一致。如：H
11、e is talking to the family who are watching TV with him. 他正在同和他一起看电视的家人谈话。,1. This is all _ I know about the matter.A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _ you want?A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A. which B. that C. where D. it
12、,Choose the best answers:,4. Please take the second chair_ is over there.A. where B. which C. who D. that,5. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B./ C. which D.it,6. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. (NMET98)A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,7. All o
13、f the flowers now raised here havedeveloped from those _ in the forest.A. once the grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew. 8. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which,9. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we
14、 expected.A. what B. which C. that D. it 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows; most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years.A. these B. those C. that D. which,1. The man _ I saw told me to wait. 2. The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He sa
15、w a house _ windows were all broken.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,who,whom,whose,whose,5. All the apples _ fall are eaten by wild boars. 6. Can you think of anyone _ could look after him? 7. This is the best hotel _ I know. 8. He showed a machine _ parts are too small to
16、 be seen.,that,that,that,which,基础练习,1. Is that the house _ you bought last year? A. where B. which 2. Is that the picture _ you are laughing at? A. which B.where 3. It is the most interesting book _ Ill ever read. A. which B. that,B,B,A,4. The street _ is to the park is very narrow. A. where B. whic
17、h 5. The person _ finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when 6. This is the room _ we listened to the lecture. A. which B. where,B,A,B,7. The boy _ mother is ill can not come to the party.A. who B. whose 8. Tell me the reason _ you are late.A. which B. why,B,B,填空： 1. Look at that lady _ name i
18、s Pochi. 2. He is a teacher _ I like very much. 3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice. 4. Those _ will go to the park stay here. 5. That was all the money _ I had.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6. Tom is the first boy _ left the room. 7. Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way. 8. You can read any book _ I have. 9. That was the year _ I went to America. 10. we came to the town, _ we stayed for 2 hours.,that,that,that,when,where,
