1、广东省百校联盟 2018届高三第二次联考英语试题第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40分）第一节（共 15小题;每小题 2分，满分 30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe Whizzfizzing FestivalOne of the “Home Counties” to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills, its pretty villages, and the much-loved childrens a
2、uthor Roald Dahl.The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the inspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festivalwhich will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour and fun on Saturday, 1 July.Formerly known as Th
3、e Roald Dahl Festival, this years event will celebrate a broad range of childrens films and bring to life some of its best-loved charactersfrom Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffalo to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry Potter.Things to see and doThe festivities start at 11 am with a colourful children
4、s parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers, many in fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant carnival puppets, with thousands of audiences lining the streets to watch.The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in main stree
5、ts across the town.Dont be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the Bucks County Museum. Catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl movie in the Old Court House, watch leading childrens authors, including Julian Clary, and give readings in the Market Square.With hands-on arts and crafts workshops,
6、storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.For more information, visit:https: / /www. aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk/aylesbury-whizzfizzing-festival-inspired-roald-dahl1. Who will show special interest in the Whizzfizzing Festival?A
7、. Children. B. Film stars.C. Publishers. D. Childrens authors.2. Which film was made from Roald Dahls works?A. Gruffalo. B. Harry Potter.C. Alice in Wonderland. D. The Big Friendly Giant.3. Which of the following best describes the Whizzfizzing Festival?A. Various. B. Global.C. Serious. D. Ordinary.
8、【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍 the Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动项目。1. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的内容 The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in main streets across the town.可知，节日上有许多儿童活动和演出。因此推断孩子们会对这个节日感兴趣。故选 C。2. 细节理解题。根据第三段提到的“The writer who penned
9、 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matildo and The Big Friendly Giant is the inspiration for the Whizzfizzing festival”可知，The Big Friendly Giant 来自 Roald Dahl的作品。故选 D。3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With hands on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition,
10、 street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.”可知，在这个艺术节上有手工艺品工作室，讲故事的会议，现场音乐，高档服装比赛，街头戏剧等等活动，每个人都可以找到自己喜欢的东西。因此推断，这个节日是“多方面的” 。故选 A。BApril 4th was just another day on a Western Australia farm for Zac Mitchell, until it suddenly wasnt. In an upexpected accident, the cattle worker was fee
11、ding the animals in his charge when one bull cleaned him up and kicked his hand up against the rail, resulting in the thumb on his right hand being cut off. “My thumb was still hanging on the rail when I got up off the ground,” Zac Mitchell says.His co-workers tried their best to preserve the thumb
12、for reattachment, placing it on ice in a cooler, but two surgeries to put Mitchells thumb back in place failed. Thats when doctors came up with another suggestion: Remove one of his big toes to where his thumb used to be.Mitchells lead surgeon, Sean Nicklin, understood the mans dilemma at first, cal
13、ling it a “bit of a crazy idea”. After all, Zac Mitchell did not want to be injured in another part of his body. But as the thumb is incredibly important function-wise, Mitchell eventually gave in. Nicklin explains that the big toe is surprisingly fit for a thumb switch: Nerves sync up (同步) nicely,
14、and it looks more like a thumb, though a giant one, than any other alternative they may have come up with. He added that big toes arent as necessary for balance and walking as people believe. As far as the foot goes, occasional “fine balance” activities like surfing might be difficult, but most peop
15、le without a big toe function fine in everyday tasks like walking and even competitive sports.The eight-hour surgery went well, and Mitchell is expected to have a year or so of recovery in front of him before he heads back into the fields.4. What happened to Zac Mitchell on April 4th?A. He cleaned u
16、p a bull. B. He was badly hurt.C. He started his farm. D. He lost his thumbs.5. What suggestion did the doctor give to Mitchell after the unsuccessful surgery?A. Recreating a new thumb in place.B. Replacing the thumb with his toe.C. Transplanting his co-workers thumb.D. Putting back the cut-off thum
17、b again.6. What is Mitchells first attitude to the doctors another suggestion?A. Optimistic. B. Insignificant.C. Hesitant. D. Rejective.7. According to Nicklin, after the surgery Mitchell is able to .A. surf on the sea B. do daily activitiesC. only stay at home D. work on wheelchair【答案】4. B 5. B 6.
18、C 7. B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇新闻报道。一个澳大利亚牧场工人的大拇指被一头公牛弄断，目前他的脚趾通过手术被移接到手指的部位。4. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“resulting in the thumb on his right hand being cut off.”可知，一个牛场工人被一头公牛弄断了大拇指，严重受伤。故选 B。5. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thats when doctors came up with another suggestion: Remove one of his big toes to where his thumb used to be.
19、”可知，在受伤不成功之后，医生提出建议用他的大脚趾代替大拇指。故选 B。6. 推理判断题。根据第三段二、三句“After all, Zac Mitchell did not want to be injured in another part of his body. But as the thumb is incredibly important function-wise, Mitchell eventually gave in.”可推断，对于医生的另一个建议起初 Zac Mitchell是犹豫的，毕竟他不想身体的其他地方受伤。故选 C。7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的倒数两句“He ad
20、ded that big toes arent as necessary for balance and walking as people believe. As far as the foot goes, occasional “fine balance” activities like surfing might be difficult, but most people without a big toe function fine in everyday tasks like walking and even competitive sports.”可知，根据 Nicklin说的，大
21、脚趾对于平衡和走路不是必须的，在日常活动中，像走路甚至竞技性运动，没有大脚趾的人也做得很好。因此可知 Mitchell手术后能够从事日常活动。故选 B。【名师点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。 （2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与
22、题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。 （3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。 （4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正” （三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。 （5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时
23、间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如小题 2：【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合。【答案定位】根据第二段最后一句“Thats when doctors came up with another suggestion: Remove one of his big toes to where his thumb used to be.”可知，在受伤不成功之后，医生提出建议用他的大脚趾代替大拇指。【推理关系】题干 What suggestion did the doctor give to Mitchell after the unsuccessful s
24、urgery?文章内容 Remove one of his big toes to where his thumb used to be.【答案】B 选项 Replacing the thumb with is toe。CMany people wrongly think that cities dont have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country. Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in citi
25、es all over the world.Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that h
26、ave been planted and grown. According to Ms. Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.”The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising. Ms. Sullivan says, “In small gardens
27、, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture.” Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to
28、rely on food grown in rural areas. This is because a city doesnt have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isnt a lot of room. For example, Brooklyn Grange is a fa
29、rming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City. All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space. This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things. The farming company sells its veg
30、etables to local residents and restaurants. And because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location. They use available space that is not needed for anything else. As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fre
31、sher materials for their meals.8. Which of the following is Ms. Sullivans opinion according to the text?A. The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly.B. Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely.C. Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities.D. Urban ag
32、riculture can provide huge income.9. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Farmers. B. City residents.C. Rural residents. D. Companies.10. What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text?A. It has large farming areas.B. It can only grow single product
33、s.C. It produces enough food for citizens.D. It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables.11. What may be the best title for the text?A. Farms in CitiesB. Future Food SystemC. Food Grown in CitiesD. Agriculture of New York City【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】试题分析：许多人认为城市里没有农场，水果和蔬菜仅生长在农村。实际上，越来越多的都
34、市农场在世界各地的城市里流行起来。本文主要讲述了许多城市利用有限的空间种植蔬菜和水果等，建立都市农场。随着更多的都市农场的出现，都市居民更有可能得到更新鲜的食材。8. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“According to Ms. Sullivan, Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.”可知，Sullivan 女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史。故选 C。9. 词句猜测题。根据第三段前两句“The number of humans living in urban areas, or citi
35、es, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.”可知，住在城市里的人的数量在增长，想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长，因此推断，Sullivan 女士说：在小花园里，屋顶上和室内，他们种植水果、蔬菜、谷物和药草，并饲养动物产奶、产蛋，蜂蜜和肉。因此推断“they”指的是“城市居民” 。故选 B。10. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two
36、rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.”可知，Brooklyn Grange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜。故选 D。11. 标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述城市里的都市农场，城市居民利用有限的空间，充分利用屋顶，花园和室内种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草，并饲养动物。随着更多都市农场的出现，城市居民也可以得到更新鲜的食材。故选 A。【名师点睛】高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提
37、供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境既上下文。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。例如小题 2：【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义中的（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义。【答案定位】根据第三段前两句“The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is inc
38、reasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.”可知，住在城市里的人的数量在增长，想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长。因此推断，Sullivan 女士说：在小花园里，屋顶上和室内，他们种植水果、蔬菜、谷物和药草，并饲养动物产奶、产蛋，蜂蜜和肉。【推理关系】题干 What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?文章内容 they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and her
39、bs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. “they”指的是“城市居民” 。【答案】B 选项 City residentsDAt your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may b
40、e universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch (荷兰语) and also in English found that
41、 when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 secondsnearly twice as long as in Americans meetings.In Japan, it is recognised that the best communica
42、tion is when you dont speak at all. Its already a failure to understand each other by speaking because youre repairing that failure by using words.In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, i
43、ts hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and theres understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London.In contrast, when theres more homogeneity, perhaps its easier for some kinds of silence to a
44、ppear. For example, among your closest friends and family its easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well acquainted with.12. Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?A. The Dutch. B. Americans.C. The English. D. The Japanese.13. What might the Japan
45、ese agree with in conversation?A. Speaking more gives the upper hand.B. Speak out what you have in your mind.C. Great minds think alike without words.D. The shorter talking silence, the better.14. What can we learn from the text?A. A four-second silence in conversation is universal.B. Its hard for A
46、mericans to reach a common agreement.C. English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.D. The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.15. What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?A. Similarity. B. Contradiction.C. Diversity. D. Misunders
47、tanding.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A【解析】试题分析：本文主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。12. 细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.”第三段最后两句“Research in Dutch (荷兰语)and also in English found t
48、hat when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds-nearly twice as long as in Americans meetings.”可知，日本人可能在谈话中有最长沉默。故选 D。13. 推理判断题。根据第四段首句“In J
49、apan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you dont speak at all.”可知，在日本，一般认为最好的交流是一句话不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而思” 。故选 C。14. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For example, among your closest friends and family its easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well acquainted with.”可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选 D。15. 词句猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句句意是：相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与 similarlity意义相近。故选 A。【名师点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容
