1、小学英语语法总结,名词复数规则,1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries,4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leafleaves 5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, ch
2、ild-children；foot-feet；tooth-teeth ; goose-geesefish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheepdeer-deer Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen,写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ tea_ strawberry _diary _ r
3、ice_ thief _ you _peach _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ milk_ sandwich _water_,we,them,these,them,watches,children,photos,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,diaries,strawberries,thieves,you,peaches,men,women,sandwiches,一 般 现 在 时,一般现在时的功能: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：
4、I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时的构成: be动词：主语 + be (am, is, are) +其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语 + 行为动词 + 其它。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es” 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化：否定句：主语 + be n
5、ot +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + 其它?如：- Are you a student? - Yes. I am. / No, Im not.一般疑问句必须用yes/no 回答，答句的主语必须是代词。特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句?如：- Where is my bike?- Its there, under the tree.,2.行为动词的变化：否定句：主语 + dont (doesnt) +动词原形 +其它。如： I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数，用doesnt构成否定句如： He doesnt o
6、ften play.一般疑问句：Do (Does) +主语 + 动词原形 + 其它？如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数，要用does构成一般疑问句 如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？如：- How do you go to school?- I go to school on foot.,动词 单数第三人称（简称：单三）的变化规则:1一般情况下，直接加 s如：co
7、ok-cooks, milk-milks2以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾，加 es如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加 es如：study-studies,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.
8、3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,h
9、as,are,dont watch,doesnt go,Do,like,Do,read,teaches,take,三、按照要求改写句子 Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ _ 4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _,Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every
10、 day?,No, I dont.,Does she like milk?,Yes, she does.,We dont go to school every morning.,五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,Does,_
11、,_,like,playing / to play,_,teaches,_,doesnt,_,现在进行时,1、现在进行时用法:现在正在进行或发生的动作，当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句：be +V-ing. 3、现在进行时的否定句：be + not。 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句：be 句首。 5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句：疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它？ 疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?,动词+ing的变化规则: 1一般情况下，直接 加 ing，如：cook - cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去 e 加 ing， 如
12、：make - making, taste - tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing如：run - running, stop - stopping,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run _ swim _ make_begin_ go _ like _ write _ shop _ have_sing _ dance _ put _see _ love _ live _ take _ come _ get _stop _ sit _ smoke_,running,swimming,making,beginning,going
13、,liking,writing,shopping,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,smoking,二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _( draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _(sing) in theclassroom .3. My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . The
14、y _ (have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,三、句型转换： They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _,Are they doing housework?,They arent doing housework.,Are the students cleaning the classroom?
15、,Yes, they are.,No, they arent.,一 般 将 来 时,一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month,year),soon, the day after tomorrow 等。 二、基本结构：be going to do；will be / do.,三、否定句： be going to do be not going to do will be / do wont be / do 例如：Im going to have a picnic this aftern
16、oon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.I will go to Beijing next month. I wont go to Beijing next month. 四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首; 如果有some，改为any; 如果有 and，改为or； 第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going to go on an outing this weekend.,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种
17、情况: 1、问人。(Who) 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2、问干什么。(What do) 例如： My father is going to watch a race with methis afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3、问什么时候。(When) 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?,六、be going to
18、 与 will ： 一般情况下可以互换： I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 区别：A、 be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些 He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.B、 be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
19、 He will be twenty years old.,C、 be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. D、 be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，will则没有这个意思She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.E、在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用willIf any beast
20、s come at you, Ill stay with you and help you.,will和be going to的选用原则,关于“打算”： 原先作好的打算用 “be going to” “Kate is in hospital.” “凯特在住院。” “Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.” “是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。” 说话时即时的打算用“will” “Kate is in hospital.” “凯特在住院。” “Oh, really, I didnt know. I will go and see her
21、at once.” “哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”,in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里,立刻，马上,2. 关于“预料”： 在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to”；Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。My God! We are going to crash. 天哪！我们快撞车了。 在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will 或 be going to”皆可；I think the weather will be nice. 我想天会晴朗。= I think th
22、e weather is going to be nice. 当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will”。I think she will like the cake I made for her.我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。,练习：填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.(同义句) 3. 你
23、妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面? What time _ you _ _ meet?,am,going,to,will,are,you,going,to,do,am,going,to,Is,going,to,weekend,is,is,going,to,are,going,to,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this
24、 afternoon. 2. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He _(go) to school by bike. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch)insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (ca
25、tch) insects.,are going to have,is going,goes,will go,watch,catch,is,going to do,is going to watch,catch,一般过去时,1功能： 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2谓语动词是be动词时，be的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为 was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 3谓语动词是其他实意动词时，动词变过去式，否定和疑问借用助动词did 如：I went
26、 to school at 8 oclock yesterday.Jim didnt go home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday.,动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work-worked , 2结尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3重读的“辅元辅”结构（末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节），双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed如：stop-stopped， begin - beginning/bgn/ 4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied,5不规则动词过去式： am/is-w
27、as, eat-ateare-were, take-took,do-did, run-ran, see-saw, sing-sang,say-said, put-put,give-gave, make-made,get-got, read-read,go-went, write-wrote, come-came, draw-drew,have-had, drink-drank,swim-swam, sit-sat,一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. 2. We all _ (have) a good time last n
28、ight. 3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes _ newspapers, but she_a book yesterday. (read) 6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor onSunday? No, they _. 7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,was,had,jumped,milked,reading,read,Did,sweep,didnt,watched,形容词和副词,形容词：
29、是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质、特征或属性一种词类。 它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。,形容词和副词的概念,副词： 是用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词。 副词在句中多作状语。,形容词和副词的用法,形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的名词之前。如: a new book, two big trees 等。,形容词作表语放在系动词be 、look、 get、 keep、turn、feel、become、seem、 grow、smell等之后。 如:1. I am short. 2. She looks fine.3. They turn green.,如果形容词修饰不定代词something
30、, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。 如: something interesting， nothing new,副词放在所修饰的be动词之后、行为动词之前；形容词和副 词之前。 如: 1.She works hard . （修饰动词）2.I am very busy. （修饰形容词）3.He runs too quickly. （修饰副词）4.We play happily. （修饰动词）,通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。,slow _ real _ usual _ careful_ easy _ happy _ heavy _ angry
31、 _,slowly,usually,easily,heavily,really,carefully,happily,angrily,形容词和副词的级,一、形容词的比较级和最高级,形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级 1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small, good, pretty, big, manyhard, happily, slowly, quickly 程度副词very, too, so, quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。如：very tall、 too hot、 so cold quite interesting、 run quickly, asas ,(与一样）
32、；not as（so)as （与不一样）的中间用原级。 The story is as interesting as that one. The question is not as / so difficult as that one.,2.比较级： 两个人或物之间的比较 表示“较”或“更一些” 标志词：than (比) 构成：A.单音节词通常是-er结尾；B.多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.,3.最高级： 三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。 表示“最”的意思。 标志词：in+大范围； of all； of +the+具体的数字 单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通
33、常在之前加most. 在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式,一、规则变化,二、不规则变化：,good / well bad / badly / ill many / much little ,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,old far ,older / elder,oldest / eldest,farthest / furthest,farther / further,important _ _ easy_ _ wet_ _ happy_ _ careful _ _ thin
34、_ _ good_ _ hot _ _ easily _ _ many_ _ nice _ _ big _ _ heavy_ _ delicious_ _ much_ _,给出下列词的比较级和最高级,more important,most important,easier,easiest,wetter,wettest,happiest,happier,more careful,1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。,2形容词比较级的规
35、则变化： 一般在词尾加er ； 以字母e 结尾，加r ； “辅元辅”结构，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。,3、不规则形容词比较级：good / well-better, bad / ill - worselittle- less, old - older / eldermany / much - more,二、副词的比较级 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：we
36、ll-better，far-farther,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short_ strong_ big _ small_ fat_ thin _ heavy_ light _ nice _ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast _ late _ early _ far_ well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式： 1. My brother is two years _(old) than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she
37、 is. 4. Who is _(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well) than Helen?Yes, she _. 6.Fangfang is not as _(tall) as the other girls. 7.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 8.Who gets up _(early), Tim or Tom? 9._the girls get up _(early) than the boys? No, they_.,三、翻译句子： 1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 _ is _tha
38、n Jim？ _ are. 2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like _.All my_ _ _than me.3.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。 _pencil is _,_or _？_is, I think. 4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_ _ _than my _.5.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise, youll _ _soon.,There be 句型与have, has的区别,1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某人/物 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有
39、几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定(就近原则)。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be表示在某地有某人/物；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用some 用于肯定句 ，any用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there
40、 + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语,Fill in the blank with “have, has”or “there is , there are” 1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_ a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词,1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词,主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性I me my mineyou you your yourshe him his hisshe her her hersit it its itswe us our oursthey them their theirs,
