1、专题-形容词、副词,Maker: Strong 11th,Jan 2007,高考考点归纳 1. 比较级和最高级1). 形容词和副词的比较级,最高级的特 定结构2). 修饰形容词,副词比较级和最高级的 词的顺序3). 比较级结构和潜在比较级的问题 2. 形容词,副词的意义和用法 3. 形容词,副词的排列顺序,形容词 1. 定义是修饰名词表示名词属性的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前 Eg: I have a big bag.,2. 基本用法: 可做 1)定语(放在名词前); 2)表语(放在系动词后); 3)宾语补足语; 4)the+形容词可转化为名词 1)Jim is a diligent boy.
2、 2)John is honest and warm-hearted.Father got angry when he heard the news. 3)You must keep the room clean. Dont leave the door open. 4) The young are energetic and enthusiastic.,3.几种特殊情况， 须牢记： 1).形容词短语作定语，定语后置。eg. a language difficult to mastera leaning tower about 180 feet high,2). 表语形容词（afraid ,
3、alike , alone , asleep, awake , alive 等）作定语，定语后置 如 a man alive 有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well , faint ,ill 只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为 “bad” 。,3). 形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词通常后置。4). else 常用作疑问代词 和不定代词的后置定语。,5).多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被 修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small beautiful roo
4、m。常用的顺序为： 记住：限数描形新颜国材（名词） Eg: The first beautiful large long new red Chinese concrete bridge . 请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。,a nice big new Chinese china vase,4.复合形容词的构成 1.形名ed kind - hearted white haired 2.形形 red hot dark blue 3.形 现分 good looking easy going 4.副词 现分 hard working fast moving 5.副词 过分 hard won n
5、ewly made 6.名 形 life long world famous 7.名 现分 peace loving fun loving 8 . 名 过分 snow covered hand made 9. 数 名 ed four storeyed three legged 10. 数 名 ten-year two - man,5.形容词的比较等级 表示形容词原级的句型： 双方相等时， 用句型“.as+形容词原级+as.” / “.the same （+名词）+as .” Eg: He is as intelligent as his sister.He has the same intel
6、ligence as his sister. He is as intelligent a student as his sister.,双方不相等时， 用句型“.not so / as+形容词原级+as.” / “.be different from.” Learning English is not so hard as learning Russia. English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.,一方是另一方的若干倍时， 表示倍数的结构有以下几种： 1 .A is three (four , etc .) times/half/one
7、 third the size (height , length)of B .如： Their library is twice the size of ours . 2 .A is three (four , etc .)times/half/one third as big (high , long)as B .如： The new bridge is three times as long as the old one . 3 .A is three (four , etc .)times/half/one third bigger (higher , longer)than B .如：
8、 Your school is three times bigger than ours .,4. 表示形容词比较级的句型： 1)表示一方超过另一方时，用“形容词比较级 +than.”，而且可以用much , even, a lot, any, still, a bit, a little, a great deal , times, %,far, by far等副词修饰形容词比较级； The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year. Is this hotel any better than the one we
9、 lived in last time?,2)表示一方不如另一方时，用“.less+形容词原级 +than.”； I admit that I am less brave than you. He is less nervous than you. 3).表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用 “the + 比较级. the + 比较级.”（越越） 如：The harder he works, the happier he feels. 4).不与其他事物 相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 and + 比较级”结构，表示越来越 Our country is becoming more and
10、 more beautiful and richer and richer.,5). more. than与其说倒不如说 It is more like a wall than a spear. They are more like father and son than teacher and student. Smith is more diligent than intelligent. 6).not+比较级 纯表示比较no+比较级 含有对两者的否定 I am not better at English than you. I am no better at English than y
11、ou. (Imply :Neither you nor I am good at English.),7） 某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to 代替than .这些词有inferior (劣等的 ，次的） ，superior , junior(资历较浅的）, senior 。 如： he is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry. 8) 倍数表达法 1. A is + 倍数 the size ( height / length /width /depth ) of B 2. A is + 倍数 as as B 3. A is + 倍数 比较级 tha
12、n B 注意： times 表三倍以上 ， 两倍用 twice /double 形容词 修饰不定代词时放在后面. Eg: I didnt get anything valuable from the speech. If you listen carefully, you will find something new.,对以上句型要特别注意在具体语言环境中的灵活运用。例如： What do you think of his voice? I dont think I have ever heard a better voice. 该对话的答语以比较级的形式表达了最高级的含义，意思等于“I t
13、hink his voice is the best”。 The trip could not have been better. The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any river in Korea.,副词用法 1.定义：指用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句，表示时间，地点，程度，方式等概念，反映动作行为以及陈述事情的性质特征 2.作用:修饰动词；修饰形容词；修饰副词 3.位置:通常放在形容词前动词之后 4.多个副词作修饰语时
14、的顺序: ）地点状态（方法）时间 Eg: I drove downtown quickly this morning. ）副词副词短语 Eg: We arrived safely at the station.,用做状语,修饰动词,形容词,副词,词组,或整个句子.1.They listened to the teacher attentively and took notes every now and then. 2. The ticket is terribly expensive. 3.I like English very much. 4. He is really a good ma
15、n. 5.Obviously,he is telling a lie. Actually/luckily/generally/unfortunately etc常用来修饰句子.,注意: 1.名词+ly构成形容词;形容词+ly构成副词 friendly, lovely, lively, homely, manly (形容词) friendlily, livelily, happily (副词) 2.fast,early,straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly. He runs fast. Can you give me a fast answer?,两种副词形式的比较 有些常用副词，两种形
16、式，意义不同。如： close 接近（指距离） closely 仔细地；密切地 free 免费 freely 自由地；自如地 deep 深 deeply 深刻地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 wide 宽 widely 广泛地 high 高 highly 高度地 late 晚；迟 lately 近来 most 最 mostly 主要地；绝大多数地,形容词副词的比较级和最高级 可分规则和不规则2种形式,1. 规则变化 单音节词一般在词尾加-er和-est 如果以-e结尾的单音节词，仅加-r和-st, eg: large 如果已辅音字母加y结尾的少数双音节词，把y变成i再加-er和-es
17、t，例如：happy 如果单音节词以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节，需双写词尾再加-er和-est,例如：bigbiggerbiggest 如果以er, ow结尾的少数双音节词,加-er,-est, eg: clever, narrow 不以y, er, ow结尾的双音节词,全部多音节的形容词或副词，形式上与分词相同的形容词以及以 ly结尾的副词,都在词前加 more, most,常见的不规则变化的词有： good/well?-? bad/ill? many/much? little?far?,3.无比较级的情况 ）某些程度副词，如: quite, rather, completely, relat
18、ively, fairly等与形容词连用已具有“比较”含义，故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级 ）下列几类形容词也没有比较级： a.表示“终极”或绝对概念的,如: absolute(ly), blind, dead, fullentire, living, round, wrong etc. b.表示时间，方位或方向的,如: back, forward, front, past, weekly, monthly, present, southern etc. c.部分表示事物性质，物质材料或结构成分的形容词,如atomic, cultural, golden, political, woode
19、n etc. d.本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词,如: maximal, mere, only, unique etc.,重要词语辨析 very 和 much 的区别可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very 不用 much .表示状态的过去分词前用very 。如： a very frightened boy ; a very tired childa very complicated problem,以 -ing , -ed 结尾的分词 多用 much , very much , greatly 修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about T
20、om. too 前用much 或 far , 不用very , You are much / far / a lot too nice.,注意： 修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very , 而用 quite, completely , well , entirely 等修饰。如： quite wrong / mistaken / sure ; completely dead ; quite impossible , quite perfect 等 。,1. (北京卷)23. This _ girl is Linds cousin.A. pretty little Spanish B. Span
21、ish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 形容词顺序,练习:,2. （山东卷）28.Mr. Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large,3. (广东卷)27. John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies.A. very B. far C. more D. stil
22、l 副词,4.（湖北卷）28What a table ! Ive never seen such a thing before .It is_ it is long. Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half as Cnot half as wide as Das wide as not half,5. (江苏卷)22. - How is everything going on with you in Europe?-Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _.A. though B. instead C. eithe
23、r D. too,6. (江苏卷)28. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desired to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least,7. （全国卷3）6Is your headache getting_? No, its worse.Abetter BBadCless Dwell 8. (江西卷)34Must I turn off the gas after cooking ?Of course
24、 . You can never be _ careful with that .Aenough Btoo Cso Dvery,9. （上海卷）41. There was such long queue for coffee at the interval that we _ gave up. A. eventually B. unfortunatelyC. generously D. purposefully,10. （上海卷）44. At times, worrying is a normal, _ response to a difficult event or situation -
25、a loved one being injured in an accident, for example. A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable,11. （浙江卷）13. My mother always gets a bit _ if we dont arrive when we say we will. Aanxious Bashamed Cweak Dpatient,12. （浙江卷）18. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _
26、 this year.Athe best BBetterCthe most DMore13.（天津卷）6.If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable,14.（安徽卷）31. John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as,
