1、WSET国际高级品酒师B级教案主讲： 罗丹舟kan教案,葡萄酒基础知识,罗斯贸易有限公司,世界葡萄酒之父罗伯特.帕克,-WSET学院特聘A级教员,内容概述 Table of Contents,1、 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties 2、葡萄酒的起源 Origins of Wine 3、 葡萄酒的酿造 Vinification 4、红白葡萄品种 Red & White Grapes 5、 新旧世界对比 New World VS Old World 6、葡萄酒的品尝 Wine Taste 7、葡萄酒与美食 Food Pairings,1. 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties,8、
2、什么是葡萄酒 Whats Wine葡萄酒就是100% 经过发酵的葡萄汁Wine is 100% fermented grape juice 9、酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式The magic formula of Wine making这个神奇的方程式就是：糖 + 酵母 = 酒精 + 二氧化碳 + 化合物 The magic formula is:sugar + yeast = alcohol + co2 + chemical compound,1. 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties,10、按颜色分类Classify by Color 11、按酒内糖分Classify by Sugar 1
3、2、按饮用方式Classify by Food,1. 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties,13、按颜色分类 Defined by color红葡萄酒 ： 带皮发酵Red wine ： Fermented with skins and other solids白葡萄酒 ： 不带皮发酵White wine: Fermented without skin and solids桃红葡萄酒： 红葡萄酒短期浸渍Rose wine : Maceration in short piriod,1. 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties,14、按酒内糖分 Defined by sugar干葡萄酒 D
4、ry 40g/L,1. 葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties,15、按饮用方式 Defined by course开胃葡萄酒 Aperitif Wine佐餐葡萄酒 Table Wine餐后葡萄酒 Dessert Wine,2. 葡萄酒的起源 Origins of Wine,16、外高加索地区 Transcaucasia 17、美索不达米亚 Mesopotamia 18、腓尼基人 (1100 B.C. 开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）Phoenicians （Start to transport vines around Europe ) 19、埃及坟墓中的证据Evidence in Egypt
5、ian tombs,葡萄酒的简史 Wine History,埃及人饮用葡萄酒成了埃及文化精髓的一部分， 记录了葡萄酒年份和葡萄园， 甚至在套管上课路了酿酒师的名字，在古埃及贵族坟墓里可以找到这些证据。 最初只会饮用葡萄酒， 后来学会在尼罗河三角洲种植葡萄酒The Egyptians drinking wine became a major part of the culture of Egyptian elite. Recorded vintages, vineyards, even winemaker names on their clay pots, some of which were
6、placed in the tombs of the nobility. The Egyptians were wine drinkers first, but soon learned to grow grapes in the fertile Nile River delta,葡萄酒的简史 Wine History,埃及人和腓尼基人是闪族人的两大贸易合作伙伴Two groups with whom the Sumerians traded were the Egyptians and the Phoenicians腓尼基人 (1100 B.C. 开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）1100 B.C.
7、 商业社会，开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树Phoenicians （Start to transport vines around Europe ) 1100 B.C. Mercantile society started to transport vines around Europe最出色的航海家。地中海盆地-北非-南欧-西不骆驼岩山,The finest sea travelers in their age. Mediterranean basin and established colonies in north Africa and in southern Europe as far as
8、 the Rock of Gibraltar. Wine drinkers go, vine goes too,葡萄酒的简史 Wine History,希腊人 Greeks日常健康饮料 social beverage殖民欧洲. 带葡萄树回家. 贡献：将新葡萄酒品种核心技术引进法国南部，西班牙，最重要的是意大利Colonizes Europe. Brought vines to permanent home. Contribution:spread vine, brought new grapes and new techniques to southern France, Spain, and
9、 perhaps most importantly ,to southern Italy.,葡萄酒的简史 Wine History,罗马人对整个欧洲影响深远， 用手稿记录了葡萄栽培和酿造，了解土壤，坡度和葡萄园方位的重要性，提高酿酒技术，发展欧洲贸易。 对欧洲葡萄区重要贡献， 包括： 法国勃艮第，波尔多，香槟， 阿尔萨斯， 隆和谷， 卢瓦尔谷，德国莱茵高，奥地利多瑙河流域等。It is difficult to overstate the importance of the Romans for the development of wine culture in Europe. The Ro
10、mans produced manuals describing grape growing and winemaking, understood theimportance of soil, slope and vienyard aspect, and developed a pan-Europe wine trade,3. 葡萄酒的酿造 Wine Vinification,自然条件 natural + 天气 weather= 微气候 unique climate+ 土壤 soil =“风土” terrior,酿造技术 vinification选择葡萄品种 grape types(最适合“风
11、土”)terrior酿造工艺 vinification- 种植 growing- 发酵 fermentation - 陈酿 aging- 调配 blending,地理环境 geographic,“Terrior”这是一个法语词，它的含义广泛，包括葡萄种植区域的传统，气候，土壤，湿度，光照时间，以及酿酒师的技艺等方面。我们把它概括翻译成“风土条件”。正是这个特定的“风土条件”使得每个葡萄种植区域都富有自己的特色。“Terrior” is a French term of wine industry. It embraces several meanings including the tradi
12、tion, climate,soil,humidity, sunshine and all the elements like these making a wine-making region unique to the other ones all over the world. At its core is the assumption that the land from which the grapes are grown imparts a unique quality that is specific to that region.,Fouloirs rouleaux,整串葡萄
13、Whole grapes,压榨 press,泵 pump,Pompe,泵 pump,白葡萄 white grspes,澄清容 器 Racking tank,固体杂 质沉淀 Deposit of solids,发酵罐 Fermentation tank,温度控制 temp control 18-20C,温控发酵 Temperature control,葡萄汁流出 draining,榨汁机 crushing,添加二氧化硫 Addition of sulphur dioxide,红葡萄 Red grapes,去梗 Destemming,Stems removed,滚筒 榨汁机Roller crush
14、er,添加二氧化硫 Addition sulphur dioxide,泵,发酵容器 Fermentation vat,葡萄皮和籽的混合物 30CMust at 30,Pump,凉水 cold water,降温过程 cooling,葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至25C Must cooled to 25C,Remontage,葡萄榨渣的抽取 Spraying of the marc cap,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Chardonnay 葡萄特征 Features of grape 果粒大， 黄色， 边缘棕色斑点Large yellow berries with brown
15、spots产量中高Naturally medium-high yields,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Chardonnay 著名产区 Notable region 勃艮第：风格多样， 夏布力 , 莫尔索， 布衣复赛Burgundy, wide range of styles, Chablis, Meursault, Pouilly-Fuisse 香槟产区 （气泡酒）Champagne （sparkling wine) 加州： 浓郁， 橡木风味California: rich, oaky style 澳大利亚： 热带水果， 橡木风味Australia: tropical
16、 flavors, oaky,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Chardonnay 口感 Palate 中等酸度Medium acidity 中-高酒精度Moderate to high alcohol 中-重酒体Medium to full-body 极少酿甜酒Rarely produced in sweet style,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Sauvignon Blanc 外观通用描述 Appearance 葡萄特征 Features of grape 中等大小果粒Medium-sized berries 高酸， 特别茂盛High natu
17、ral acidity. Particularly vigorous,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Sauvignon Blanc 口感 Palate 高酸度High acidity 中等酒精度Moderate alcohol 中轻酒体Light to medium body 干型和甜型Dry and sweet styles,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Riesling 外观通用描述 Appearance 葡萄特征 Features of grapes 果粒小， 紧凑Compact clusters of small berries 萌芽早， 晚
18、熟Early budding, late growing,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,其他常见白葡萄品种： Other white grapes varieties 麝香：非加强型( 芦笋，细腻白肉），加强型( 奶油奶酪，冰激凌， 水果挞馅饼）Muscat: non-fortified wine( asparagus, delicate white meats), fortified style( creamy cheese, ice cream, fruit tarts) 灰皮诺： 梨，香料，苹果，花香，柑橘味， 配合烤白肉，鹅肉， 鸡肝酱， 浓郁的奶酪Pinot g
19、ris: pear, spice, apple, flora, citrus, pairings with roasted white meats, goose, chicken liver pate, strong cheese,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,其他常见白葡萄品种： Other white grapes varieties 白诗南： 甘草， 苹果， 湿羊毛， 花香，搭配山羊奶酪， 法式酱和烩牛肉， 苹果派Chenin Blanc: hay, apple, wet wool, floral, pairings with goats cheese, pates
20、 and terrines, apple pie.,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Cabernet Sauvignon 外观通用描述 Appearance 葡萄特征 Features of grapes 果串长且松散 Loose and long bunches 果皮厚，籽大Thick skin, large pips 萌芽晚， 晚熟， 产量低Late budding, late ripens, low yields,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Pinot Noir 外观通用描述 Appearan
21、ce 葡萄特征 Features of grapes 果串紧凑，皮较薄Compact bunches, relatively thin-skinned 萌芽早， 早熟Early budding, early ripens 中等产量Moderate yields,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Pinot Noir 口感 Palate 中-高酸度Medium to high acidity 中低单宁Low to medium tannins 中轻酒体Light to medium body 中等酒精度Medium alcohol,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieti
22、es,Merlot 外观通用描述 Appearance 果粒大， 果串松散Large berries, loose bunches 果皮薄， 萌芽早， 早熟Thin skin, early budding, early ripens 产量比赤霞珠高Higher yielding than cabernet sauvignon,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,Shiras 外观通用描述 Appearance 中等大小果粒， 果串紧凑Medium sized berries, tight bunches 萌芽晚， 早熟Late budding, early ripens 中等产
23、量Moderate yields,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,其他常见红葡萄品种： Other red grapes varieties 品丽珠： 中深宝石红， 中等口感， 香料，覆盆子，巧克力牛奶味， 适合烤肉，胡椒酱牛排Cabernet Franc: medium to deep ruby, medium palate, grilled meats, steak with pepper sauce 金粉带： 中深紫色，宝石红， 重酒体，高酒精， 蓝莓， 樱桃， 黑色水果， 红茶， 适合不同口味 （亚洲料理， 烤野味， 黑巧克力）Zinfandel: medium t
24、o deep purple/ ruby, very full body, high alcohol, pairings with spicy Asian food, grilled game, dark chocolate,4. 常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties,其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 佳美： 中等石榴红， 低单宁， 轻酒体， 花香， 糖果，泡泡堂， 巧克力， 搭配干香肠， 火腿， 鸡肝酱Gamay: medium garnet, low tannins, light body, flowers, candy, bubblegum,
25、 chocolate, pairings with dried sausage, ham and chicken liver pates,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,外观 Appearance 澄清度 ClarityWine can be both opaque and clear 颜色的深度 Depth of ColorPale, moderate or intense 颜色 ColorStraw, yellow or gold. Brown/red, ruby or purple,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,色泽呈
26、深红色，酒体浑厚的红酒 Dark and intense red color, it is a full-body red wine,酒液呈明显的砖红色，属于酒体适中的红酒 The color is brick red, a medium-body red,该酒的颜色明显较前两款更浅，属于桃红酒 The color is obviously lighter than the former two,its a rose one,明显的金黄色泽，是酒体浑厚的白葡萄酒 Gold yellow, a full-body white wine,酒色呈柠檬黄,典型的气泡酒(香槟) The color is
27、 lemon yellow, a typical sparkling (Champagne),5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,干净 ClearnessAbsence of off-orders (flaws) 气味的浓度 Intensity of smellLow, medium or intense 特征 CharacterFruity, floral or earthy,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,葡萄酒的香味并不是单单通过鼻腔来感觉的，各种香气的分子通过口腔达到感官黏膜来感觉气味 The smell of wine is not accessed via th
28、e nostrils alone; volatile aroma molecules also reach the olfactory mucosa through the back of the oral cavity,葡萄酒的香气直接通过鼻孔吸入 Direct route taken by aroma molecules via the nostrils,香气分子通过口腔后端，从而人体能够感觉到 Route taken by aroma molecules via the nasopharynx,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,口感 Palate 甜味 SweetnessDry
29、, off-dry or sweet 酸味 AcidityTingling sensation on sides of tongueSour tasteLow, medium or high,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,单宁 TenninsOnly necessary in a red tasting noteDrying sensation on palate and gumsLow, medium and high 酒精 AlcoholHeat in the mouth and throatlow, medium and high 回味 Finish,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wi
30、ne Tasting,1-怎么品酒How to taste a wine抿一小口葡萄酒在口中, 让口腔中的每一个部位都接触到葡萄酒,吸几口空气, 以带出葡萄酒的香味，并细细品味Sip the wine and let it go around in your mouth,then take in some air to oxygenate the wine and feel the nuances of the flavor2-品什么What to taste1 - Attack given by acidity感受葡萄酒特有的酸味给你的第一感觉,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,2
31、 Balance感觉葡萄酒是否平衡3 Body感觉葡萄酒的酒体4 - End of mouth感受葡萄酒在嘴里的回味5 - Length Stops感觉回味在口中的延伸感,5. 葡萄酒品尝 Wine Tasting,结论 Conclusion 平衡度 Balance Harmony of flavor and other elements 成熟 MaturityRequires aging, ready-to-drink or over-the-hill 品质 Quality Assessed using length, balance and range of flavor characte
32、ristics,6. 葡萄酒与美食 Wine & Food,基本原则 Basics 葡萄酒可以清口Wine refreshes the palate between bites 食物和葡萄酒中的成分相辅相克Elements in food and wine can complement or detract from each other 红配红， 白配白Red to red, white to white,6. 葡萄酒与美食 Wine & Food,基本原则 Basics 葡萄酒的酒体与食物的食体搭配Weight of wine matches weight of dish 葡萄酒的风味与食
33、物的风味相得益彰Wine flavor may echo with food flavor 葡萄酒的风味可以与食物形成对比Wine flavor may contrast with food flavor 复杂的菜配简单的酒， 简单的酒配复杂的菜Complex wines with simple dishes, simple wine with more complicated dishes,6. 葡萄酒与美食 Wine & Food,各种成分的互相作用 Components the interact 酒精显热 Alcohol accentuates heat 甜显酸 Sweetness ac
34、centuates acidity 甜可以降低另外一种甜味 Sweetness reduces perception of tannin 脂肪和蛋白质减少单宁带来的感觉Fat and protein reduce perception of tannin 食盐减少单宁带来的感觉Salt reduces perception of tannin,6. 葡萄酒与美食 Wine & Food,一般来说，葡萄酒都可以用来配菜，而且葡萄酒行业有句俗话叫“红酒配红肉，白酒配白肉。”讲的就是葡萄酒和菜肴的搭配。 Generally speaking, we can pare food with wines
35、and theres a saying: Red Meat goes with Red Wine while White Meat goes with White Wine,所谓的红肉就是指那些味道比较浓的肉类 Red Meat refers to those kinds of meat with strong flavor 牛肉 Beef/Steak羊肉 Lamb 猪肉 Pork 鹿肉 Deer 兔肉 Rabbit 狗肉 Dog 鸭肉 Duck,白肉则是一些口味稍微清淡的肉类和其他的一些菜肴： White meat means those plain meat and other kinds
36、 of food 海鲜 Seafood 鸡肉 Chicken 水果 Fruit 蔬菜 Vegetable 色拉 Salad 奶酪 Cheese 面食 Pasta/Noodles,6. 葡萄酒与美食 Wine & Food,葡萄酒有很多的种类，侍酒温度的选择对于品尝葡萄酒是至关重要的。一般来说，红葡萄酒可直接在室温下饮用，而白葡萄酒冰镇一下口味更佳。以下是一些葡萄酒的参考饮用温度： The appropriate serving temperature is of great importance to wine tasting. The serving temperatures of wine
37、 are as follows：,葡萄汽酒 Sparkling Wine 46 香槟酒 Champagne 69 酒体清淡的白葡萄酒 Light Bodied White Wine 69 酒体适中的白葡萄酒 Medium Bodied White Wine 810 酒体丰厚的白葡萄酒 Full Bodied White Wine 1416 桃红酒 Rose Wine 6 9 酒体清淡的红葡萄酒 Light Bodied Red Wine 1214 酒体适中的红葡萄酒 Medium Bodied Red Wine 16 酒体浑厚的红葡萄酒 Full Bodied Red Wine 18 ,6. 葡萄酒与美食 Wine & Food,李子味 Plum,薄荷味 Mint,烟草和香料味 Tobacco and Spicy,口感顺滑 Velvety,草莓味 Strawberry,黑梅味Blackberry,胡椒味Pepper,黑胡椒味 Black Pepper,Some White Wine Descriptors,青苹果味 Green Apple,甜瓜味 Melon,无花果味 Fig,桃子味 peach,菠萝味 Pine apple,柠檬味Lemon,热带水果味Tropical Fruit,爽脆感 Crisp,Thank You !,
