1、Grammar,Direct and Indirect Speech,Requests and Commands,1. He said:“Ive left my pen in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room.,She said that he would be busy.,2. She said:“He will be busy.”,复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语),She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.,3. She said to Tom, “Can y
2、ou help me?”,1. 陈述句的间接引语连接词用that, 在 口语中可省略。 例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” He said that he had left his book in his room.,复习规律,2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用if或whether, She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.,3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的特殊疑问词作连接词, 改为陈述语序。例如：, The teac
3、her asked me how I had repaired it.,The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”,4. 如何变时态：直接引语 间接引语,一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时,一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时,如： 1) She said. “I have lost a pen.”She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. “We hope so.”She said they hoped so. 3) She said. “
4、He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend.,1)直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.,但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接 引语变为间接引语时, 时态一般不变化。,2
5、)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、 某日作状语, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,3)直接引语中被引述的部分习惯性的动作或 说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时, 时态 保持不变。,The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”, The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,4) 若直
6、接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时。 如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other.,5. 如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语, 状语变化有其内在规律, 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。 地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”。如:,H
7、e said, “These books are mine. ” He said those books were his.,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this that; these those ;now then;yesterday the day before; today that day; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year)the next week (month, year); ago before; here there,1. Could I use your bathroom?,request,2. Put
8、your coat in the closet.,command,3. Speak quietly on the phone, please.,request,Requests or Commands?,4. Will you help me with my homework this afternoon?,request,5. Could you meet me at four?,request,6. Take your shoes off before you enter the room.,command,7. Go to bed right now. 8. Could you help
9、 me with my English please? 9. Open the door at once. 10. Would you please give me that book?,request,command,command,request,Direct speech,Requests: Do . , please.Can you. ?Could you . ? Will you . ? Would you . ?,Commands: Do .Dont .,Indirect speech,Requests: A asked B to do sth.A asked B not to d
10、o sth.,Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.,祈使句的间接引语采用 “动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.,祈使句的直接引语和间接引语,如果祈使句是表示请求, 间接引语的 动词常用ask; 如果是表示命令, 间接 引语的动词常用tell, order, command等。,不定式 The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,that 引导的宾语从句 I suggeste
11、d to him that we (should) start at once.,He said, “Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句, 变为间接引语时, 通常用“suggest + 动句词(或从句)”。如:,that/what/how引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,He sai
12、d, “My sister was here for three days.”He said that _ sister _ _ _ three days. 2. She said ,”Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that _ _ go there _.,his,had been,there for,she would,the next day,练一练,3. She said, “Did you see him last night?”She _ me _ him _. 4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Fath
13、er said to Peter.Father _ Peter _ _ the night _.,asked,if/whether I has seen,the night before,asked,when he went to,before,bed,5. The host said to us, “Please come to see us again if you have time.” _. 6. The teacher said to me, “Write a letter to your parents.” _,The host asked us to go to see them
14、 again if we had time,The teacher told me to write a letter to my parents.,“Could you pass me the salt?” Mary said to me. Mary asked me to pass her the salt. 2. “Show me your license, please.” the policeman said to the driver. The policeman told the driver to show him the license.,把直接引语转换为间接引语。,3. T
15、he teacher said to me, “Can you pass on the book to Tom?” 4. Mother said to Li ming, “Stop playing computer games!” Mother ordered Li ming to stop playing computer games.,The teacher asked me to pass on the book to Tom.,5. The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” ,The mother asked T
16、om to get up early.,6. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”,The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,1. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close,Choose the best answer.,
17、C,2. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do,D,3. “Dont put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him _ put it on _hat.A. dont, his B. dont, her C. not to, his D. not to, her,D,4. Rose as
18、ked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purseC. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse,B,5. “Please close the window, ” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close,C,
