1、1,3. 应试技巧 3.1 准备：熟悉讲座的结构和标记话语 3.2 听前：轻装上阵 3.3 听中：找中心、抓要点、理脉络、顾整体、不遗漏 3.4 听后：依据笔记填空、注意词性和大小写 3.5 功夫：速记好记性不如烂笔头,2,3.1 准备 (1) 熟悉一般学术讲座的结构 Opening 开场白 Thesis 主题 Connection 承接 Body 正文 Summary 总结 Closing 收尾,3,讲座的结构实例分析 2008 (1) Opening 开场白： “Good morning, everyone.” Thesis 主题： “Todays lecture is about the
2、 popularity of English.” Connection 承接： “Although English is NOT the language with the largest number of native or “first” language speakers, .what is a lingua franca? The term refers to” “Then, actually how many people speak English as either a first or a second language”,4,讲座的结构实例分析 2008 (2) Body
3、正文 “Then, we may ask a question” “First is the historical reason ” “Now, the second major factor ” “And the third factor related to the popular use of English is ” “Another factor has something to do with information exchange ” “The last factor I cite here concerns popular culture”,5,讲座的结构实例分析 2008
4、(3)Summary 总结 “Now, to sum up, in todays lecture, we have reviewed some of the reasons” Closing 收尾 “OK, this brings us to the end of todays lecture. Thank you for your attention. ”,6,3.1 准备 (2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Introducing 介绍/导入 Giving background information 交代背景 Defining 定义 Listing 列举 Giving examples 举例
5、 Emphasizing 强调 Clarifying/Explaining 解释 Moving on/Changing direction 承接/转接 Giving further information 递进 Giving contrasting information 转折 Classifying 分类 Concluding 总结,7,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Introducing 介绍/导入 What I intend to say is What Id like to do is to discuss What I intend to do is to explain In m
6、y talk today, / My topic today is Today, Im going to talk about Im going to talk to you about In this talk, I would like to concentrate on The subject of this talk is,8,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving background information 交代背景 As we know As we have already seen As we have all read Its clear that It goes wi
7、thout saying We all understand It is understood Youll remember,9,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Defining 定义,10,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Listing 列举,11,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving examples 举例 For example, For instance, You only have to think of Remember, Say, Take something for example,12,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Emphasizing 强调 I want to
8、stress Id like to put emphasis on Its important to remember that We should bear in mind that Dont forget that The essential point is,13,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Clarifying/Explaining 解释 In other words, That is to say, To put it another way, By which I mean Or you could say The point Im making is That is to s
9、ay, That is, Namely, i.e. That means,14,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Moving on/Changing direction 承接/转接 Thats all I want to say about X. OK / Now / All right Having looked at , Id now like to consider Id like now to move on to Turning now to So lets turn to Moving on now to,15,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving further info
10、rmation 递进 Furthermore, Another point A further point In addition / Moreover / Similarly Apart from, Not only , but We can add / I could add that Further / As well as / Besides,16,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving contrasting information 转折 Although However On the other hand Whereas Despite Nevertheless But Al
11、ternatively,17,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Classifying 分类,18,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Concluding 总结 That completes my lecture. Weve seen that First we looked at and we saw that Then we considered . and I argued that In short, To sum up In conclusion, Id like to emphasize that,19,3.2 听前 保持轻松、愉快、平静的心情； 准时到考场，调试好听力设备，备足电池；
12、 提示音开始后，稍有紧张时可靠呼吸来调节，并做好记笔记的物质准备,20,3.3 听中找中心：讲座开头会交代主题（lead-in） 抓要点：对每段中心句进行归纳(topic sentences) 理脉络：对结构要点信息进行梳理，注意语音语调 顾整体：不纠缠细节 不遗漏：记笔记时要全面, 不潦草,21,3.4 听后录音播放完毕后，应该尽快（十分钟其实很快过去）根据笔记现将有把握的空填上；后对不是十分确定的空结合提纲联系上下文和笔记全局考虑 注意词性转换 注意单词大小写 注意书写工整，不要违规涂改,22,3.5 记笔记 （1）借鉴口译实践中的速记符号和缩写附件2：常见速记符号 同学们结合自己的习惯和
13、训练中的实际，总结一套适合自己的速记符号,数学符号：如用表示less than,用表示more than,用表示many, good等意思，用表示little, few, be short of等，用表示in other words或be equal to，用表示not, negative, wrong，用表示because，用表示therefore等。箭头符号：用表示increase, add, higher，用表示decrease, reduce, lower，用表示develop，用表示lead to, result in，用表示resulted from, caused by等。英语符
14、号和所写：用表示and，用w/表示with，用w/o表示without，用vs 表示against，用cf表示compare，用e.g.表示example，用dept表示department，用pres表示presentation，用subj表示subject，用max表示maximum，用intro表示introduction，用prob表示problems等。,24,（2）采取“横纵结合”的书写方法,同层次内容速记,分层次内容速记,I (1)(2) II (1)(2) III. IV ,25,3.2-3.5 操作演示 2008TEM8讲座原文片段 Another factor has so
15、mething to do with information exchange around the world. As we all know, a great deal of academic discourse around the world takes place in English. It is often a lingua franca of conferences, for example, and many journal articles in fields as diverse as astronomy, child psychology and zoology hav
16、e English as a kind of default language. The last factor I cite here concerns popular culture. In the western world, at least, English is a dominating language in popular culture. Pop music in English can be heard on many radios. Thus many people who are not English speakers can sing words from thei
17、r favorite English medium songs. And many people who are regular cinemagoers or (TV viewers) can frequently hear English in subtitled films coming out of the USA.,26,3.2-3.5 操作演示 笔记演示,4. info. EXEng. acdmk diskos.L.F. of conf. e.g. Journal artic., (astro., child psy., zoo.) 5. pop Cultr.Eng. dominat
18、ing lg. (pop music Eng. many radios)regulr cinemagoers+TV viewers sub. films of US,27,3.2-3.5 操作演示 2008TEM8讲座 填空片段,II. Reasons for the popular use of English4) Information exchange use of English in the academic world language of (8) or journal articles 5) Popular culture pop music on (9) films from the USA,28,PS: 平时的学习建议 深：多听有深度的材料 积累单词，巩固和推展专业知识 勤：勤做听写和速记练习 将速记和缩略符号熟练运用，听力水平的提高有赖平时的刻苦训练 广：注意对人文学科知识的广泛涉猎 扩大阅读面，拓展视野,29,推荐资源： http:/itunes.berkeley.edu/ http:/www.archive.org/details/audio http:/www.TED.com http:/lectures.eserver.org/,
