1、键入文字1教材练习答案及听力原文Unit 1WARMING UPAnswers:1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.2 Charles Da
2、rwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two peop
3、le (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwins book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwins idea became very influential and is still accepted today.3 Thomas Newcomen, Brit
4、ish (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1
5、884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inherita
6、nce. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the d
7、ominant ones (and so are recessive).5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one f
8、or chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel P
9、rize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendo
10、us achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.7 Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (1452-1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in 键入文字2order to make his paintings as accurate as possibile. Some
11、 of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.8 Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778-1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous o
12、xide (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic. In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners helmets had exploded when it came into contact with underground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet made working under
13、ground very much safer.9 Zhang Heng, Chinese (78-139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon heads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragons h
14、ead. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragons mouth, making a noise.10 Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as
15、well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.2 John Snow began to test two theories.3 John Snow investigated two
16、 streets where the outbreak was very severe.4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.7 He announced that the water carried the disease.8 King Cholera was defeated.Answer key for Exercise 2:1 John
17、Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2 No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths a
18、nd check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3 Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unk
19、nown cause and need public health care to solve them.Sample summary for Exercise 3:John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea. He studied a small area of houses which got their wa
20、ter from the same pump. Many people in the area died. John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsSuggested answers to Exercise 1:1 victi
21、m 2 physician 3 analyse4 defeat 5 challenge 6 enquiry7 pump 8 blame 9 absorb10 link.toAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 severe 2 suspected 3 exposed4 experts 5 cure 6 foresaw键入文字37 concluded 8 announced 9 attendedAnswer key for Exercise 3:make a suggestion make a decisionmake a plan make a contributionmak
22、e a speech make a noisemake a change make a descriptionmake an investigationSome possible examples for Exercise 4:1 The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.2 I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want to talk to me.3 The best way to make money is to study h
23、ard and gain good qualifications.4 I didnt like them to collect me in their car so I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.5 Im too tired to make dinner, so I decide to eat out.6 Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protect you against any problems durin
24、g the first year.7 Dont make up your mind about buying that house till you have seen a few more.8 When you leave your flat in the morning, it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.9 I have tried to make room for her on that course but there are just too many people already attending it.Disc
25、overing useful structuresSome possible answers for Exercise 1:1 .when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(attribute)2 He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump.(attribute)3 He became interested in two theories.(pre-dicative)
26、4 Neither its cause, nor its cure was under-stood.(predicative) Answer key for Exercise 2:Past Participle as the Past Participle as the Attribute (1) Attribute (2)1 terrified people 1 people terrified of (cholera)2 reserved seats 2 seats reserved by.3 polluted water 3 water polluted by.4 a crowded r
27、oom 4 a room crowded with.5 a pleased winner 5 a winner pleased with.6 astonished children 6 children astonished at/by.7 a broken vase 7 a vase broken by.8 a closed door 8 a door closed by.9 the tired audience 9 the audience tired of.10 a trapped animal 10 an animal trapped in/by.Answer key for Exer
28、cise 3:1 blamed/upset 2 tired3 disappointed 4 shocked/depressed5 excited 6 infectedUSING LANGUAGELISTENING TEXTA GREAT CHINESE SCIENTISTFather of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist.Part 1YP: What do y
29、ou want to be when you grow up, Steve?SS:I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.YP:I think Id like to work in the space industry too. Id like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen.SS:What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist?YP:Well, he first studied
30、at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctors degree. It was then he began to work on rockets.键入文字4SS:So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China.YP:Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to
31、design and build rockets to go into space.Part 2SS:Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?YP:I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.SS:Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope well be the first to l
32、and on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesens picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP:Indeed. He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.SS:W
33、ell, wed better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.YP:Right you are. See you, then.SS:See you.Answer key for Exercise 1:Students will give their own answers.Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technolo
34、gy in China.Answer key for Exercise 3:1 Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.2 In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.3 When Qian Xuesen returned to China he set up a space institute to begin training people in
35、how to design and build rockets.Answer key for Exercise 4:Chinas achievement-sin spaceSteve Smiths ambi-tions1 Chinese astronauts in space2 Chinese satellites in space1 become a rocket scientist2 be the first to land on Mars and put Qian Xuesens picture thereAnswer key for Exercise 3:Students give t
36、heir own answers.Students can show that they understand what is involved by making a realistic dialogue of their own.Sample conversation:MIKE: What do you want to do when you grow up?LI RU:I want to build robots. I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China. After that I hope to go ab
37、road to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics department there.MIKE:What personality will be needed for that job?LI RU:I think I need to be patient for my ideas which will take a long time to develop. I also need to be creative enough to h
38、ave good ideas.MIKE:What experience will be most useful to you?LI RU:I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.MIKE:What kind of person makes a good inventor?LI RU:I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learns from his mistakes.MIKE:T
39、hank you. I think designing robots sounds fun.Reading and writingAnswer key for Exercise 1:Before ShowingCopernicus theory Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with A diagram showing the solar system with 键入文字5the earth at its centre the sun at its centreAnswer key for Exercise 2:Stud
40、ents give their own answers.Sample writing:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move
41、is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to pu
42、blish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
43、Yours sincerely,(your name)Unit 2WARMING UPAnswers:1 C 2 B (direct flight) 3 B 4 A 5 BQuestion 1: The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. More about this appears in the first reading passage.Question 2: It takes ten hours to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow A
44、irport if you take a direct flight.Question 3: It may appear to an outsider that the Queen has an important role in ruling the country. However, this is not so. Her position is ceremonial: opening Parliament, welcoming Heads from other countries, going on tours to other countries to encourage trade
45、with Britain, etc. The Prime Minister together with his most important ministers (called the Cabinet) and his Members of Parliament (each from a different part of the country) make the important political decisions and the laws.Question 4: The counties of Britain are much smaller than provinces in C
46、hina. They have local government powers for their area. Counties have several Members of Parliament depending on the size of their population. Large towns such as Reading have two MPs and the largest city in England outside London, which is Birming-ham, has ten MPs.Question 5: The Rivers Thames and
47、Severn are very similar in length but the River Thames is slightly longer. The River Thames is 338 km and the River Severn is 290 km. The River Avon is much shorter.COMPREHENDING Answer key for Exercise 1:1 England, Wales and Scotland2 England and Wales3 England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
48、4 Republic of Southern Ireland5 England/Great Britain/the UKAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 The country left out is Wales. It is usually assumed to be part of England.2 England, Scotland and Wales. 3 The Vikings did not influence London. Answer key for Exercise 3:North: Leeds, York, Sheffield, Mancheste
49、rMidlands: Coventry, BirminghamSouth: Reading, London, Brighton, PlymouthAnswer key for Exercise 4:Para 1, 2 about Great Britain; the UK.Para 4:the geographical division of England 键入文字6into zones; their similarities and differences.Para 5 consist of4 broke away 5 institutions6 conflicts 7 provinces Answer key for Exercise 3:1 asked 2 whispered 3 screamed4 begged 5 agreed 6 answered7 shouted 8 complained 9 suggestedDiscovering useful structures Answer key for Exercise 1:1 .to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland c
