1、复习重点,Langue & Parole（语言与言语） Phonetics & Phonology （语音学与音位学） 3. Open-class word & Closed-class word （开放类词与封闭类词） Immediate Constituent Analysis（直接成分分析法） Sense & Reference（意义与所指） Metaphor & Metonymy （隐喻与转喻） Performatives & Constatives（施为句与表述句）,1. What are the designed features of Language？ 2. What is I
2、conicity？How to analyze some language phenomena with Iconicity? 3. What is prototype theory? How to analyze some language phenomena with prototype theory? 4. What is figure and ground theory? How to analyze some language phenomena with figure and ground theory? 5. How to analyze some language phenom
3、ena with Metaphor and Metonymy? 6. What is Speech Act theory? What is Illocutionary Act? What is Cooperative Principle?,Exercises:,/m,n/ are _. fricatives B. dentals C. approximant D. nasals D 鼻音 2. /w,j/ belong to _. fricatives B. dentals C. approximant D. nasals C 中通音 3. Which of the following vow
4、els is the rounded vowel? i B. u C. a: D. i: B,4. Classification of vowels is made up of the following EXCEPT _. the position of the tongue the openness of the mouth the shape of the lip the width of the vowels D. 5. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from ano
5、ther in a given language is a _. phoneme B. allophone C. phone D. allomorph A,6. /p,t,k/ are _. fricatives B. affricates C. approximant D. stop D 7. /kuku:/ is a birds call. The name of such a bird is cuckoo which is an example of _. language universals B. onomatopoeia C. teaching grammars D. morphs
6、 8. The vowel u: in fu:d (food) is a _vowel. back B. front C. unrounded D. central A,9. In English, there is only one glottal. It is_. f B. r C. h D. v C 10. Which of the following sounds is a voiced bilabial stop? m B. v C. p D. b D 11. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in differen
7、t phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme. minimal B. allomorph C. phones D. allophones D,12. i:, i, e are all _ vowels. front B. central C. back D. high A 13. Which of the following is a fricative sound? m B. p C. w D. v D 14. There are _ nasals in English. one B. two C. three D. fou
8、r C,Exercises.,1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the “open class words”?A. Nouns B. Adjectives C. Conjunctions D. Adverbs C 2. What is the minimal unit of meaning?A. Phoneme B. MorphemeC. Allophone D. Allomorph B,3. There are _ morphemes in the word “undesirability”.A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 B
9、4. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A. rainbow B. basketball C. icy-cold D. unpleasant D,5. All the following words contain the inflectional affixes except _ . A. cares B. careful C. faster D. books B 6. The word “irresistible” is _ . A. a compound one B. a clipped one C. a blended one
10、D. a derived one D,7. Which of the following is not a free morpheme? A. bed B. tree C. dance D. children D 8. Which of the following affix differs from others? A. ly B. ness C. ing D. ful C,9. Of the following word-formation processes, _ is the most productive. A. conversion B. blending C. compound
11、D. derivation D 10. Morpheme that can occur “unattached” are called _ morphemes. A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational C,11. The word “motherboard”is _. A. a clipped one B. a blended one C. a compounded one D. an acronym C 12. The word “kung-fu”is _ . A. a clipped one B. a blended one C.
12、a compound one D. a borrowed one D,1. Syntax is the study of _. (2005) A. language functions B. sentence structures C. textual organization D. word formation B,Exercise,2. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?(2008) A. A simple sentence B. A coordinate sent
13、ence C. A complex sentence D. None of the above B,3. Syntactic categories contain the type of _ . A. meaning that words express B. affixes that the words take C. structures in which the words can occur D. All of the above D,4. The syntactic component provides the _ for a sentence. A. lexicon B. stru
14、cture C. meaning D. sound B,The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples of _. (2006) dialectal synonyms stylistic synonyms emotive synonyms collocational synonymsB,Exercise,The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _ . (2008) hyponymy synonymy polysemy homon
15、ymy D,Which of the following is NOT the concern of “sense”? It is the study of the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the study of what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compliers are interested in. It is the collection of all
16、the features of the linguistic form. B,X: They are going to have another baby. Y: They have a child. The relationship of X and Y is _. synonymous inconsistent X entailing Y X presupposing Y D,According to the componential analysis, the words “girl” and “woman” differ in the feature of _ . HUMAN ANIM
17、ATE MALE ADULTD,The relationship between “violet” and “tulip” is _. co-hyponym superordinate hyponym antonym A,The relationship between “begin” and “commence” is _. dialectal synonyms stylistic synonyms collocational synonyms semantically different synonyms B,What is the relationship between the wor
18、ds “color” and “red”? Synonymy Antonymy Polysemy HyponymyD,“fall” and “autumn” are _ synonyms. dialectal stylistic evaluatively different semantically different A,Homophones are often employed to create puns for detailed effects of _. humor sarcasm ridicule all of the above D,The four major modes of
19、 semantic change are _. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation extension, generalization, elevation and degradation extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation A,We call the relation between “animal” and “horse” as _. synonymy poly
20、semy homonymy hyponymy D,The semantic features of the word “girl” can be expressed as _. + animate, - human, + adult, + male. + animate, + human, - adult, + male. + animate, + human, + adult, - male. + animate, + human, - adult, - male. D,What is the sentential relation between “He likes skating.” a
21、nd “He likes sports.”? Presupposition. Entailment. Contradiction. Hyponymy. B,The pair of words “borrow/lend” is called _. relational opposites synonyms complementary opposites gradable opposites A,“Yellow” has different meanings to Chinese or to western people, that is its _. conceptual meaning cog
22、nitive meaning associative meaning stylistic meaning C,The ambiguity in “pass the port” is caused by _. lexical items a grammatical structure homonymy polysemy D,_ is NOT a pair of homophones. “Rain” (water condensed from atmospheric vapor and falling in drops)and “reign”(exercise of sovereign power
23、, as by a monarch) “Flea” (any of various small, wingless, bloodsucking insects)and “flee”(to escape) “Lead”(to guide) and “lead”(metal of a dull bluish grey colour that melts easily) “Compliment”(an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation) and “complement”(sth. that completes, makes up
24、a whole, or brings to perfection) C,The word “luggage” and “baggage” are _. synonyms differing in emotive meaning dialectal synonyms collocationally restricted synonyms synonyms differing in styles B,Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of _. phonetics syntax semantics pragmatics C
25、,1.The speech act theory was first put forward by _ .(2005) A.John Searle B.John Austin C.Noam Chomsky D.M.A.K. Halliday B.,2.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of _ .(2006) A.reference B.meaning C.antonymy D.context D,3.When a speaker expresses his intention of sp
26、eaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing _ .(2009) A.an illocutionary act B.a perlocutionary act C.a locutionary act D.none of the above A,4. A: What do you think of Mr. Zhang?B: A fine day, isnt it? In the dialogue between A and B, Bs answer flouts which of the four maxim
27、s of CP? The maxim of quantity. The maxim of quality. The maxim of manner. The maxim of relation. D,5. A: Where is Paul?B: Somewhere in our University. In the dialogue between A and B, Bs answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? The maxim of quantity. The maxim of quality. The maxim of manner.
28、The maxim of relation. A,6. What is the most important concept to distinguish pragmatics from semantics? Context. Entailment. Presupposition. Discourse A,A: Shall we get something for the kids?B: Yes. But I veto C-A-N-D-Y. Bs answer violates maxim of _ . quantity quality manner relation C,8. _ act e
29、xpresses the intention of the speaker. Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary Speech B,9. A: Do you know where Mr. Brown is?B: Somewhere in the southern suburbs of the city. Speaker B violates the maxim of _ . quality quantity manner relation B,10. Contextual features exclude _ when an utterance i
30、s made. the time the place the participants the purpose D,11. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says,”_. ” This way, please Come here Follow me Move
31、 on A,12. According to Grices Cooperative Principle, speakers should try to make their contribution as informative as is required for the current purpose of the exchange as the requirement of _. The maxim of quality The maxim of relevance The maxim of quantity The maxim of manner C,13. According to Austins speech act theory, a speaker might be performing the following acts simultaneously when speaking EXCEPT _. locutionary act illocutionary act perlocutionary act relocationary act D,
