1、SuSe Linux Fundamentals,实验环境,课程内容,Linux历史和起源 SUSE Linux桌面 配置网络 管理软件包 Linux帮助文件 管理目录和文件 使用命令行 Linux编辑器 用户、工作组和权限管理,第一课 Linux的历史和起 源,本章内容,Linux的历史 多用户环境 SUSE linux 10安装,什么是Linux,Linux只是一个操作系统中的内核。 内核建立了计算机软件与硬件之间通讯的平台，内核提供系统服务，比如文件管理、虚拟内存、设备I/O等。 GNU/Linux 采用Linux内核的GNU操作系统。,UNIX的历史,初级阶段 1969年 运行在DEC-
2、PDP-7的计算机上，由Ken Thompson使用汇编语言编写，后来由Dennis Ritchie 使用C语言重写 丰富发展阶段 80-90年代 UNIX完善阶段 90年代至今,Linux的诞生,Richard Stallman创建了GNU组织 Linus为了学习Minix写了第一个版本 Linux是采用了GUN的应用软件和Linus编写的内核的系统软件。,什么是Linux Distribution?,由于 Linux 的稳定性良好，并且可以在便宜的 x86 架构下的计算机平台运作，所以吸引了很多的开发商与自由软件的开发团队在 Linux 内核上开发相关应用软件（apache,sendmai
3、l）。将 Linux 内核，内核工具与应用软件集合起来，并加入自己公司系统管理模块与工具（yast/suse），而打包出一套可以完整安装的操作系统，这个完整的 Linux 操作系统，我们就称他为 distribution,Linux内核版本,Linux内核版本有两种:稳定版和开发版.稳定的内核具有工业级的强度,可以广泛地应用和部署.新的稳定内核相对于较旧的只是修正一些bug或加入一些新的驱动程序.而开发版内核由于要试验各种解决方案,所以变化很快.这两种版本是相互关联,相互循环的. Linux内核的命名机制: num.num.num 第一个数字是主版本号,第二个数字是次版本号,第三个数字是修订版
4、本号.如果次版本号是偶数,那么该内核就是稳定版的;若是奇数,则是开发版的.头两个数字合在一齐可以描述内核系列.如稳定版的2.6.0,它是2.6版内核系列. 最新的内核源代码可以在http:/www.kernel.org以tar包或者增量补丁的形式下载.,SuSE Linux版本差异,多用户环境,多个用户同时使用计算机系统 实现多用户的前提是多任务 Linux使用preemptive multitasking机制。,SUSE Linux 10安装,Pre-Installation Requirements and Guidelines Installation Options Basic Ins
5、tallation Configuration,Installation Requirements,basic system requirements 256 MB RAM 500 MB hard disk space for software 500 MB hard disk space for user data Recommended system requirements 512 MB to 3 GB RAM 4 GB hard disk space,安装规划,Hardware compatibility http:/ File system types Reiser file sys
6、tem Partitioning scheme Software package selection,Installation Options,Installation Options,Boot from Hard Disk Installation: Starts the normal installation process Installation - Local APIC Disabled APIC -Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller Installation - ACPI Disabled Advanced Configuratio
7、n and Power Interface Installation - Safe Settings Rescue System Memory Test,Basic Installation,Basic Installation,Basic Installation,time zone,Installation Setting,Confirm Installation,Installation Process,Configuration,Hosname Root Password Network Devices Services Users Hardware,Hostname,Root Pas
8、sword,Network Configuration,Internet Connection,Services,User Authentication Method,Hard Configuration,Installation Finish,Exercise 1-1 Install SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10,Detailed Steps to Complete this Exercise:Part I: Boot the System and Start the InstallationPart II: Check your Keyboard Layo
9、ut before Starting theInstallation of the Software PackagesPart III: Specify your Host NamePart IV: Enter a Root PasswordPart V: Open SSH Port and Test the Internet ConnectionPart VI: Configure Basic ServicesPart VII - Select Local User Authentication and Add a UserPart VIII: Finish the Installation
10、,第二课 Linux Desktop,Objectives,Overview of the Linux DesktopUse the GNOME Desktop Environment Access the Command Line Interface from the Desktop,Advantages Not installing a GUI,Stability Performance,Overview of the Linux Desktop,X Windowcreated in 1984 at MIT X ServerThe X server controls the graphic
11、al screen manages the input devices XFree86 and XOrg X Client X Protocol,Window manager,Provides control elements Manages virtual desktops Provides functionality of window frames (for example,changing their size),X Window,X server,X client,Tcp/Ip,X Protocol,X Window,Use the GNOME Desktop Environment
12、,Log inLog out and Shut downIdentify GNOME Desktop ComponentsManage Icons in GNOMEUse the GNOME File Manager (Nautilus),Log in,login string or username Password,Log out and Shut down,单击,Identify GNOME Desktop Components,main menu,Task manager,Globe. Searches for new updates. Speaker. Volume control.
13、 Clock. Shows date and time. Board. Minimizes all open windows,Manage Icons in GNOME,Desktop Panel Main Menu,Exercise,Part I: Create a new Launcher Part II: Add and Remove an Applet to and from the Bottom Panel,Part I: Create a new Launcher,1. Right-click the background of your desktop. 2. Select Cr
14、eate Launcher from the pop-up menu. 3. In the Name textbox enterxeyes 4. In the Command textbox, enter/usr/X11R6/bin/xeyes 5. Select No Icon. 6. Select gnome-eog.png from the Browse Icon dialog. 7. Select OK. 8. Select OK.,Part II: Add and Remove an Applet to and from the BottomPanel,1. To add a new
15、 applet in the bottom panel, right-click at a free space in the bottom panel. 2. Select Add to Panel from the pop-up menu. 3. Select Geyes from the list and then select Add. 4. Move your mouse pointer. 5. To remove the Geyes applet, right-click the applet in the bottom panel. 6. Select Remove from P
16、anel from the pop-up menu.,GNOME File Manager (Nautilus),usernames Home icon selecting Nautilus,Exercise,Use Nautilus to copy the/etc/DIR_COLORS file into your home directory and add the Oh no! emblem to the copied file. Then, rename the copied file to example.txt. Finally, delete example.txt and em
17、pty the trash. Detailed Steps Part I: Start GNOME Part II: Start Nautilus and Copy a File Part III: Add an Emblem to the Copied File Icon Part IV: Rename the Copied File Part V: Delete the Copied File,Access the Command Line Interface from the Desktop,Ctrl+Alt+Fx Ctrl+Alt+F7 Gnome Terminal,Exercise,
18、1. Switch to the first virtual terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1. 2. Type geeko as a login name and press Enter. 3. Type novell as the password and press Enter. 4. Switch to the second virtual terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2.Notice that you are not logged in at this terminal. 5. Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to
19、 switch back to the first terminal.You are still logged in as geeko. 6. Log out by entering exit 7. Switch back to the graphical user interface by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7.,Summary 1,1.Overview of the Linux Desktop X server X client 2. Use the GNOME Desktop Environmentlog in and log out of the GNOME sys
20、tem navigate in the GNOME desktop environment.manage icons GNOME desktop bottom panel Applications menu 3.Nautilus,Summary 2,3. Access the Command Line Interface from the DesktopSUSE Linux Enterprise Serverprovides the user with six virtualterminals.use the key combinationsCtrl+Alt+F1 to Ctrl+Alt+F6
21、 toswitch between the individualterminals.switch back to graphical user interface by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7.With Gnome Terminal you can access the command line nterface within an window.,第三课 YaST,Objectives,Get to Know YaST Understand the Role of SuSEconfig Manage the Network Configuration Information
22、 from YaST Install Software Packages Manage Installation Sources,Get to Know YaST,YaST -Yet another Setup Tool YaST user interface ncurses. Text mode QT. graphical mode,YaST,list YaST modules #yast l start an individual module text mode#yast sw_singlegraphical mode #yast2 sw_single display a list of
23、 YaST options #yast h#yast -help,YaST,The main dialog of YaST is called the YaST Control Center. From here you can select a category on the left (such as Software orSystem) and a module on the right (such as Online Update) to configure and manage your system.When you finish making changes with a YaS
24、T module, YaST uses backend services such as SuSEconfig to implement the changes in the system.,Exercise,Part I: Start YaST Part II: View the Content of a System Log File Part III: Change Time and Date Part IV: Start the ncurses Interface of YaST Part III: View the Content of a System Log File Part
25、VI: Exit YaST,Part I:Start the YaST 1. From the GNOME desktop, open the main menu. 2. Select More Applications. 3. Enter ya into the Filter text box. 4. Select the YaST icon to start YaST. 5. Enter the root password novell in the appearing dialog; then select Continue or press Enter.The YaST Control
26、 Center appears.,Part II View the content of log file 1. Select Miscellaneous View System Log. 2. From the top drop-down list, select /proc/version. 3. Close the log window by selecting OK. Part III: Change Time and Date 1. Select System Date and Time. 2. Select Change. 3. Enter the current time (su
27、ch as 08:00:00) and the current date (such as 27/04/2006). 4. Select Apply. 5. Select Accept.,Part IV:Start the ncurses Interface of YaST 1. Switch to the first virtual terminal by pressing Crtl+Alt+F1. 2. Log in as root with a password of novell. 3. View a list of the available YaST modules by ente
28、ring yast -l. 4. Enter yast to start the ncurses interface of YaST.,Part V: View the Content of a System Log File 1. Press cursor-down until Miscellaneous is highlighted in the left frame and press Enter. 2. Press cursor-down until View System Log is highlighted in the right frame and press Enter. 3
29、. Press cursor-down until /proc/version is selected and press Enter. 4. Press Tab twice to highlight OK and press Enter.,Part VI: Exit YaST 1. Press Alt+Q to select Quit. 2. Log out by entering exit 3. Switch back to the graphical interface by pressing Crtl+Alt+F7. 4. Close the YaST window.,the Role
30、 of SuSEconfig,YaST Front end to various programs SuSEconfig Back end for YaST Two important directories/etc/sysconfig/ /sbin/conf.d/,Manage the Network Configuration Information from YaST,activate the network configuration module Network Devices Network Card network setup method User Controlled wit
31、h NetworkManager Traditional Method with ifup Automatic Address Setup (via DHCP) Static Address Setup IP address Subnet Mask Hostname and Name Server Test the configurationip address show,Exercise,change all the important information into static values.Use the ip command to find out which ip address
32、 you are currently using. Then change the network configuration to static IP addresses, using the values you found. Use 10.0.0.254 as default gateway and also as address of the name server,Exercise setp by step,Part I: Get your IP Number and Host Name Part II: Start the YaST Network Configuration Mo
33、dule Part III: Enter a Static IP Address and Subnet Mask Part IV: Change your Host Name Part V: Enter a DNS Server Part VI: Enter a Default Gateway Part VII: Activate new Settings and Finish,Step by step 1,Part I: Get IP Number 1. From the GNOME desktop, open the main menu. 2. Select More Applicatio
34、ns. 3. Enter term into the Filter text box. 4. Select the Gnome Terminal icon to start a terminal emulation. 5. Enter /sbin/ip address show to record the ip information 6. Close the terminal window Part II: Start the YaST Network Configuration Module 1. From the GNOME desktop, open the main menu. 2.
35、 Select More Applications. 3. Enter ya into the Filter text box. 4. Select the YaST icon to start YaST. 5. Enter the root password novell in the appearing dialog; then select Continue orpress Enter.The YaST Control Center appears. 6. Start the network card module by selecting Network DevicesNetwork
36、Card.,Step by step 2,Part III: Enter a Static IP Address and Subnet Mask 1. Make sure that Traditional Method with ifup is selected andselect Next.Your network card is listed in the upper table. 2. Make sure your network card is selected; then select Edit. 3. Make sure that the Address tab is activa
37、ted. 4. Switch the setup by selecting Static address setup. 5. In the IP Address field, enter the IP address from Part I. 6. In the Subnet mask field, enter 255.255.255.0. Part IV: Change your Host Name 1. Select Host Name and Name Server. 2. (Conditional) If a dialog appears indicating that the res
38、olv.conffiles has been temporarily modified, continue by selecting Modify. 3. In the Hostname field, enter the hostname from Part I. 4. In the Domain Name field, enter .,Part V: Enter a DNS Server 1. In the Name Server 1 field, enter the IP address of your DNS server (10.0.0.254). 2. If there are va
39、lues in the other Name Server text fields, remove them. 3. In the Domain Search field, enter . 4. If there are values in the other Domain Search text fields, remove them. 5. Select OK. Part VI: Enter a Default Gateway 1. Select Routing. 2. In the Default Gateway field, enter the IP address of your I
40、nternetgateway (10.0.0.254). 3. Select OK. Part VII: Activate new Settings and Finish 1. Select Next. 2. Select Next. 3. Close the YaST Control Center.,Install Software Packages,start the YaST install module Software Software Management Patterns. Displays all software that is available on the known
41、installation media. It is grouped in predefined sets of packages that logically belong together. Package Groups. Displays all software that is available on the known installation media. It is grouped by category. Languages.Displays all language related files Installation Sources. Lists all registrat
42、ed installation sources and displays the available packages of this source. Search. Lets you enter a search term and where you want YaST to search for the software package. Installation Summary. Displays all the packages with a marked status.,commonly symbols,Manage Installation Sources,add installa
43、tion sources Software Installation Source add a new source Add edit an existing installation source Edit enable or disable an installation source Enable or Disable remove an installation source permanently Delete change the order of a source in the list Up or Down.,Exercise,install the findutils-loc
44、ate software package from the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 installation media. Part I: Start YaST Part II: Look for a Software Package Part III: Install a Software Package and Finish Part I: Start YaST 1. From the GNOME desktop, open the main menu. 2. Select More Applications. 3. Enter ya into th
45、e Filter text box. 4. Select the YaST icon to start YaST. 5. Enter the root password novell in the appearing dialog; thenselect Continue or press Enter. 6. The YaST Control Center appears. Part II: Look for a Software Package 1.From the YaST Control Center, select Software Software Management 2. Fro
46、m the Filter drop-down list, select Search. 3. In the Search textbox enter locate; select Search.,Part III: Install a Software Package and Finish 1. From the right side of the window, select the packagefindutils-locate. 2. Select Accept. 3. (Conditional) If requested by YaST, insert the appropriate
47、SUSELinux Enterprise Server 10 Product DVD; then select OK. 4. When asked to install or remove more packages, select No. 5. Close the YaST Control Center by selecting Close. 6. (Conditional) If you installed from DVD, remove the DVD fromyour drive.,Summary,1. YaST The appearance of the user interfac
48、e of YaST depends on the command used for starting graphical interface ncurses interface Individual modules can also be started directly. modules list yast -l or yast list 2. Understand the Role of SuSEconfigSometimes YaST writes the configuration changes you make directly into the final configurati
49、on file.In other cases the information you enter is first written to a file in the /etc/sysconfig/ directory and then written to its final destination.SuSEconfig is a tool used in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server to configure the system according to the variables that are set in the various files in /et
50、c/sysconfig/ and its subdirectories. SuSEconfig acts as a back end for YaST and activates the configuration changes you make when using a YaST module.,Summary,3.configuring the network card and the network connection by YaST Method of network setup Static IP address Network mask Host name Name server Routing (gateway),
