（浙江专版）2019届高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础考点聚焦 Unit 1-5（课件+试题）（打包10套）新人教版必修5.zip

1Unit 1 Great scientists阅读理解ⅠA(2017·浙江卷 10月)It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(领悟)．So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We’re all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional, depending on the clothes we wear, but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知的 ) performance or is it just a feeling?Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren’t. Indeed, they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test(one way of measuring attention). The researchers call the effect “enclothed cognition， ” suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways.This opens the way for all sorts of clothes­based experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative? Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef’s hat make the resultant food taste better?From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown(学位服)．【解题导语】 本文讲述了 Adam和 Galinsky所做的一个关于穿着白大褂人们注意力的实验。实验显示穿白大褂的人表现更为出色，他们的错误率是穿普通衣服的人的一半。得出结论：着装影响人的认知表现。1．What is the main idea of the text?A．Body movements change the way people think.B．How people dress has an influence on their feelings.C．What people wear can affect their cognitive performance.D．People doing different jobs should wear different clothes.C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知的) performance or is it just a feeling”及下文所做的实验可知，本文主要讲述着装对人认知表现的影响。故选 C。2．Adam and Galinsky’s experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers’ ________．2A．insights B．movementsC．attention D．appearanceC 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simple wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention.”中的attention及第四段的“Indeed，. on the Stroop Test(one way of measuring attention)”的 attention可知，Adam 和 Galinsky的试验是测试着装对人们注意力的影响。insights“洞察力” ；movement“移动” ；attention“注意力” ；appearance“外表” 。故选 C。3．How does the author sound in the last paragraph?A．Academic. B．Humorous.C．Formal. D．Hopeful.B 解析：推理判断题。作者全文在讲述着装影响人的认知表现这一理论，最后一段作者说自己以后要穿白大褂上班编辑文章，以减少打字错误。他希望读者也能带上学士帽、穿上学位服阅读 PsyBlog的文章。由此可推断出作者是用一种幽默的语气调侃着装认知理论。academic“学士的” ； humorous“幽默的” ；formal“正式的” ； hopeful “有希望的” 。故选 B。B(2018·浙江金、丽、衢十二校高三联考)My Dear Stuart，We are overjoyed at your generously long letter. We have been rather worried about you since your reticent Xmas card from Spain. We thought that your indignation at Fascist(Natsi) terrors might have made you join the Spanish Republican army on leaving Oxford. In that case, the world would certainly gain a hero, but we might(O horrible thought！) lose a friend. You can imagine our relief to hear from you again.We shall be here for another four or five months yet, and we shall sail home in September. Not that we have homes to return to! Our houses, spared by the shell­fire, have been looted and gutted of all their valuable contents. Our families have taken refuge in mountains. My wife lost her mother, and I myself have no hope of getting jobs in China. However, one’s lot is with one’s own people; I don’t mind suffering a bit. The revolution of the Fortune’s wheel might bring us up, and, as Goethe(歌德，著名诗人) was fond of saying, abwarten Sie.Yes, Stuart, I have been working entirely on my own. I have tried to read French literature systematically downwards, beginning with Villon, and already got as far as the mid­nineteenth century. I have also read the German romantics. I am reading Taine’s novel. Besides, I have not neglected my English and Chinese studies.Oh, my baby daughter is fat. She already boasts of six teeth(each tooth meaning a week or so of worries and sleeplessness on her part as well as our own). She is very naughty and self­willed. She will be able to walk a little next month.My wife sends you her best wishes. Write to me at your earliest convenience.Yours ever，3Chung­shu Tchi’ienP．S. My wife wants me to tell you that the baby is really “her father’s daughter”. She loves nothing so much as books—to tear and nibble at, certainly not to read. She throws away her toys to grab at the books we happen to be reading.【解题导语】 本文是一封书信，这封信是钱钟书 1938年留学巴黎时写给外国友人司徒亚的，后者是他在牛津大学的同院同学。通过对一些琐事的描述，体现了对友人的关心和友情。4．If published, the letter can be found in the column of ________．A．continued stories B．cover storyC．book review D．anecdotes and lifeD 解析：推理判断题，这是朋友间的一封书信，所以如果要是出版的话应该在轶事和生活栏目出版。故选 D。5．We can infer from the letter that ________．A．the writer’s homeland was suffering from a terrible warB．the writer, as well as Stuart, was fond of Chinese literatureC．the writer and his family had never planned to leave for homelandD．Stuart was leaving for China together with the writer and his familyA 解析：推理判断题，根据文章第二段的“Not that we have homes to return to! Our houses, spared by the shell­fire, have been looted and gutted of all their valuable contents.”我们无家可回，可以推测出作者的家乡正在经历着战争的洗礼。故选 A。6．The expression “abwarten Sie” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________．A．ignore helplessly B．escape hopelesslyC．seek desperately D．wait patientlyD 解析：词义猜测题，根据第二段“The revolution of the Fortune’s wheel might bring us up, and, as Goethe(歌德，著名诗人) was fond of saying, abwarten Sie.”可知这是著名诗人歌德常说的等待吧，故选 D。7．The tone of the writer’s writing about his daughter is ________．A．casual B．cautiousC．humorous D．determinedC 解析：推理判断题，文章最后作者对女儿的描述幽默诙谐，故选 C。完形填空ⅡOne day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned he’d always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__．Like many other parents, mine were hard to __2__ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they’d __3__．I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹 ) agreed to give some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground 4__7__．We asked my aunt if she’d help us with the “__8__”， and she called my parents __9__ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sisters­in­law went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the __11__ Sunday, we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents’ house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there.When Christmas __16__，of course, we couldn’t go to our parents’ house empty­handed, so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later, I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。1．A.distinctive B．fragrantC．expensive D．prettyD 解析：上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome” ，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive “与众不同的” ；fragrant “芳香的” ；expensive“贵的” 。2．A.shop B．representC．answer D．careA 解析：根据上文的“Like many other parents，mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选 shop “购物” 。3．A.deserve B．appreciateC．advertise D．imagineB 解析：根据上文的“Dad mentioned he’d always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve “值得，应得” ；appreciate “感激，欣赏” ；advertise “为……做广告” ；imagine“想象” 。4．A.result B．numberC．price D．expressC 解析：根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。5．A.afford B．expectC．fancy D．handleA 解析：参见上题解析。6．A.frighten B．assistC．surprise D．rewardC 解析：从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。7．A.warmed B．froze5C．softened D．darkenedB 解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas”及“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze “结冰”符合语境。8．A.trick B．purchaseC．choice D．decorationA 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)” 。9．A.in advance B．in timeC．by accident D．on purposeA 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。in time “及时” ；by accident “意外地” ； on purpose“故意地” 。10．A.service B．actionC．effect D．productionB 解析：根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner” 可知，随后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action “行动起来”符合语境。go into service “投入使用” ；go into effect “生效” ；go into production “投入生产” 。11．A.regular B．separateC．given D．chosenD 解析：根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。12．A.sorted B．loadedC．transported D．transplantedB 解析：根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。sort“整理” ； transport “运输，运送” ；transplant “移植” 。13．A.dressed up B．passed offC．looked on D．started outA 解析：根据下文的“as Santa Claus” 可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as.“把……冒充为……” ；look on sb./sth.as. “把……当作……” ；start out as.“以……开始，起初是……” 。14．A.delighted B．annoyedC．disappointed D．convincedD 解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first” 可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced “确信，坚信”符合语境。15．A.when B．howC．why D．whetherC 解析：根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。16．A.came around B．dropped outC．turned up D．drew inA 解析：根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。come around “再次出现，再度发生 ”； drop out “退出” ；turn up “出现” ；draw in “(白天变得)渐短” 。17．A.generous B．additional6C．double D．specialC 解析：根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to.with a special Christmas in October” 可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。18．A.even B．justC．once D．stillD 解析：根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。19．A.farms B．treesC．trucks D．yardsB 解析：参见上题解析。20．A.congratulation B．giftC．donation D．greetingB 解析：作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。congratulation“祝贺” ； donation “捐赠物” ；greeting “问候” 。第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1第一部分 必修 5 Unit 1特征；特性分析医生；内科医 师受害者认为 ； 怀 疑被 怀 疑者；嫌疑犯询问附近； 邻 近泵 ；抽水机(用 泵 )抽 (水 )烟火 (燃放 )图 表向后地 (的 )；相反地 (的 )；退步地 (的 )(使 )旋 转 ； 纺 (线 或 纱 )defeatexpertattendabsorbblamelinkpositiveenthusiasticforeseehandlecurechallenge challenging cautious caution pollute pollutioninstruct instructioninstructions conclude conclusioncontribute contributionreject rejectionscientific science scientist announce announcementannouncercertainty certaincertainlyconstruct constructionresponsible responsibilitypainter paint paintinguniverse universaluniversallyinstructedinstructionsare constructingconstruction was concludedconclusionhas contributedcontributionscientist scientificput forwarddraw a conclusionexpose.tolink.to.apart frommake senselook intolead toat times(be) strict with.be cautious aboutbe absorbed in make contributions to put forwardbe strict withlook intolead toApart frommake senseNeither the teacher nor his studentsEvery time I hear the English songhave his work Only when can we become finished on timeprepared for1Unit 2 The United Kingdom阅读理解ⅠAIn our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing. I didn’t pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasn’t long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasn’t anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plain­clothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying.A man doesn’t value things until they are gone. If he didn’t have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who won’t help himself.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐火车时， “我”发现了一个流浪汉，他衣衫褴褛，身上散发异味，乘客们避而远之。突然，他开始咒骂他周围的乘客。后来流浪汉被便衣警察带走，他不仅没有家，这一次还失去了自由。1．When entering the car, how did the author feel at first?A．Annoyed. B．Puzzled.C．Sad. D．Calm.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断， “我”感到很困惑，故 B项正确。2．How did people react to the homeless man?A．They caught him and called the police.B．They covered him with clean clothes.C．They disliked and avoided him.D．They stared at him curiously.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；根据第三段第三句可知，流浪汉偶尔抓挠自己，人们看着他，好像他曾经2犯罪了一样；据此可以判断，人们不喜欢他，避免和他接触，故 C项正确。3．It can be learned that the policeman________．A．was very rude to the manB．sent the man back to his hometownC．forced the man to leave the cityD．went off the train with the manD 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，警官最后带着这个流浪汉走下了火车，故 D项正确。4．What does the author think of the homeless man?A．He is a loser of life.B．He is worth our respect.C．He is very funny.D．He is a fearless fighter.A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、第三句可知，如果他没有家，至少他还有自由，如今他两个都没有了。据此可以判断，他是一个生活的失败者，故 A项正确。BA new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the country’s teenage girls has become worse.The survey, which included 30，000 14­year­old students in 2005 and 2014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005.British boys’ stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period，from 17 percent to 15 percent.The report’s authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls.“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical，cognitive(认知的) and emotional development， ” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a recent blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent(有能力的) adults.In the past，they would engage with parents，teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.”Throughout adolescence，girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self­control.Since teenage brains have not completely developed，teens don’t have the cognitive awareness and impulse(冲动) control to keep from posting inappropriate content.Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences.“Social media can also feed into girls’ insecurities about their appearance， ” Ramsden said.These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person.However，these images and the messages tied to them gradually become societal standards.3【解题导语】 一项新研究发现，英国女孩的心理健康状况变得更糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的到来可能是造成英国女孩心理压力加大的主要因素。5．The statistics in the second paragraph show that________．A．more and more children in Britain have mental health problemsB．few girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005C．more boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure nowD．more British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do nowD 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句可知，调查显示，2014 年 37%的英国女孩有心理压力，而 2005年只有 34%；根据第二段的第二句可知，同期调查显示，英国男孩有心理压力的从 2005年的 17%降到 2014年的 15%。据此可以判断，英国女孩有心理压力的比男孩多，故 D项正确。6．Contrary to traditional ways of interaction, social media________．A．helps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and self­controlB．has many negative effects on girls’ characteristic developmentC．makes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate contentD．teaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standardsB 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls’ insecurities about their appearance” 可知，由于青少年的思想还不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒体对英国女孩的心理健康和她们对外表美丑的判断产生了消极的影响。故 B项正确。7．The underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．A．arrival B．endC．disappearance D．inventionA 解析：词义猜测题。结合该段内容和下文关于传统交流方式和社交媒体的比较可知，报告的作者指出， “社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国女孩心理压力增加的主要因素。据此可知，画线词意为“到来” ，故 A项正确。七选五Ⅱ(2018·杭州高三模拟)College visits are important.1.________. Also, before you commit years of your life and thousands of dollars to a school, make sure you’re choosing a place that suits you best. Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit.• Explore on your own2．________. So try to walk the extra miles and get the complete picture of the campus on your own. When you visit the student center, academic buildings and residence halls, take a few minutes to read the bulletin boards(告示板). They provide a quick and easy way to see what’s happening on campus.• Eat in the dining hall and sleep in the dormYou can get a good feel for student life by eating in the dining hall. Is the food good? Are there adequate healthy options? And if it’s at all possible, spend a night at the college. 3.________．• 4.________If you know what you want to study, have a conference with a professor and students in that field. You’ll get to observe other students in your field and 4see how engaged they are in classroom discussion. They will give you an opportunity to see if the major really matches you. 5.________. Lastly, if you’re comparing several schools, be sure to record your feelings during the visit. They may help you carry on further study before making your final decision.A．You can’t get the “feel” of a school from any guidebookB．For one, they help demonstrate your interest in a school C．The trained tour guides will show you a school’s selling pointsD．Most colleges don’t allow visitors to drop in on class unannouncedE．Visit a class in your major and talk with a professor and lots of studentsF．Nothing will give you a better sense of student life than a night in the dormG．If you haven’t decided on a major yet, more visits to different major classes are necessary【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。要想了解一所大学，最好能自己在学校逗留一段时间，了解饮食住宿、课外活动，再通过听课来了解下与专业相关的情况等。1．B 解析：根据文章主旨句“College visits are important.”可知，去校园参观对了解一所大学很重要。结合下文中的“Also”和语境可知，此处指校园参观很重要的原因。B 项“一方面它们有助于证实你对一所学校的兴趣”承上启下，符合语境。故选 B。2．C 解析：根据下文中的“extra miles”和“get the complete picture”可知，你还要独自在校园多走走，靠你自己了解整个校园。由此推知，C 项“受过专业培训的导游会向你展示学校的卖点”能引起下文，符合语境。故选 C。3．F 解析：根据本段小标题可知，本段写的是通过在食堂吃东西和在宿舍睡觉来进一步了解学校。结合“spend a night at the college”可知，F 项“没有什么比在宿舍睡一个晚上能让你对学生生活有更深的认知了”符合语境。故选 F。4．E 解析：空格处为本段小标题，应是对本段内容的概括。根据本段内容可知，E项“去一个你要学的专业的班级与教授和本专业的学生进行沟通”是对本段的概括。故选E。5．G 解析：根据上文中的“see if the major really matches you”可知，此处指看看这个专业是不是真的适合你。G 项“如果你还决定不了要学的专业，多看看不同专业的课堂(学习)是很有必要的”承接上文，符合语境。故选 G。语法填空ⅢSending gifts varies greatly from country to country. In Australia, Canada, the United States 1.____________European countries, sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture, it is more important to avoid 2.____________(give) highly personal gifts such as clothing. When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3.____________(country), it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.In America, 4.____________(expense) gifts are definitely out. A good 5.____________(choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to 6.____________entertainment or a sporting event. 7.____________the contrary, gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan. In Japan the proper gift is thought 8.____________(express) the giver’s true friendship, gratitude and 5respect far 9.____________(well) than words can. So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here, be prepared.Australia is known for its friendliness and informality. So modest gifts, such as a diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might 10.____________(present) to a friend. At a trade show, T­shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。1．and 解析：考查连词。根据空前的“Australia, Canada, the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词 and。2．giving 解析：考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事” ，故填 giving。3．countries 解析：考查名词的数。根据空前的 these可知，可数名词 country应当用复数形式。4．expensive 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词 gifts，故用形容词形式。5．choice 解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词 good和不定冠词 A可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。6．an 解析：考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动” ，entertainment 的读音以元音音素开头，故用 an。7．On 解析：考查固定搭配。on the contrary 为固定搭配，意为“与此相反” 。8．to express 解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊” 。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为做了某事” ，故用动词不定式。9．better 解析：考查比较级。根据空后的 than可知，该处用 well的比较级。10．be presented 解析：考查被动语态。该句主语 modest gifts和动词 present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。