1、第三部分 写 作精做 13 书面表达图画类图画作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文或叙述一个故事；或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。体裁多样，可以是记叙文、议论文或说明文等。图画作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转成英语，旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。图画类作文的命题要求如下：1. 图画作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能概括图画所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。2. 图画作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力、丰富的想象力、严谨的逻辑思维能
2、力、冷静的分析能力，以及最终将以上诸方面素质综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。3. 写图画作文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句、段与段之间的意思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。图画作文通常是给出一幅或多幅图片，要求考生仔细分析图片内容，并通过文字形式将图中所包含的思想内容准确地表达出来。试题具有以下特征：1.素材贴近生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性。以图为 载体，附带少量文字提示或说明。要求考生从体察入手，通过对画面的理解，
3、发挥想象力，按照一定的要求把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言。2.文体形式多样。图画式作文主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文；时态要视图画反映的内容而定，介绍人物或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时，揭示或反映某件社会现象图画类作文要求将画面所包含的信息转换成文字，旨在避免汉语思维，要求直接用英语思维。它要求根据图画提供的图像信息写一篇短文，包括叙述一个故事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结论。图画类作文就内容而言，可以写观察到的内容，也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容；就表达方式而言，可以单纯地理解、说明，也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述，因此该类文体不仅具有一定的观察分析能力
4、，还要有较强的语言表达能力、想象力和逻辑思维能力。写好图画类作文的关键是：一定要根据自己掌握的词汇与熟悉的句型结构构思短文内容，并直接用英语表达，千万不要先想好一句句的中文，然后逐句译成英文，那样就往往会超出自己的英语水平，作文中就会出现生造的英语句子，难免会出错。另外，对于与图画无关的事要少写，还要注意人称、时态的呼应，整个作文要通篇考虑。一、写作要领1.准确审题。这是看图作文写作的基础。准确审题就是注意文体、人物和时态。2.把握情境。这是看图作文的关键。要根据图画，合理想象，围绕特定的主题，把握情景，(利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所，以及图中的文字说明和标识来)提炼
5、要点等。3.发表感想。围绕主题展开合理的想象，发表自己的联想或感想。二、具体步骤1.根据提示，全面审题（1）确定体裁。针对此类题型，考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明，首先确定文章体裁。目前图画作文的体裁主要涉及记叙文、议论文和夹叙夹议文。对多幅图来说，体裁主要是记叙文，有时也会是夹叙夹议文。多幅图有时反映了事件背后的某种现象，这样就需要加上适当的议论，进而变为夹叙夹议文。对于单幅图来说，体裁主要为议论文。（2）确定人称。如果以日记、回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；如果是以将故事的形式来写，则一 般采用第三人称。但不管用哪种人称，全文一般都必须一致。（3）确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的的文章体
6、裁，确定文章所要用的时态。（4）确定主题。在审题时，考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图，分析图画的表层含义和 深层含义，通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么，从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的主题。2. 认真读图，进行图文转换图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其是要注意图画中人或物的特点和背景，确定人物之间、人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。如果图画以系列形式（即多幅）出现，考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外，还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所了解，从整体上把握图画所呈现的主要内容。然后将图画所传达的信息以文字的形式呈现出来，并对转换后的
7、信息重新整合，确定主要内容。3. 确定段落，草拟提纲根据图画内容及体裁的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。一般情况下，图画作文可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写：第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意（寓意一般用一句话来概括） ，第二段分析原因，最后一段发表评论或提出建议。其中第二、三段是写作的重点。叙事型图画作文（通常会涉及多幅画，要求对某一事件的发生、发展进行描述）可根据图画的数目和具体内容来确定段落。4. 斟词酌句，组句成文Writing 1(2018北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意：词数不少于
8、60。(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)_【思路点拨】本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。按照本文的要求可知，是写一篇记叙文。2. 初步构思，考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。在把握了文章的中心后，应在内心构思一个基本的框架，并考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。本文是讲述上周发生的事情，故时态要以过去时为主，人称是第一人称，尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型来表述具体的内容。这是体现自身能力的重要一环。3. 连词成句，然后再连句成文。运用适当的单词或短语正确表达各图的意思。然后再将
9、各图的单个句子串连起来。串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、自然。4. 反复审核，修改错误。一篇文章写好后，应进行检查，看短文中是否有错，如拼写、用词、时态、语态及表达方面的错误。5. 宜详则详，该略则略。对于一些细节方面的内容，如果是文章必不可少的，在写作过程中是不可将其忽略的。如果是可有可无的细节，则可视具体情况进行增删。据此，我们在读图时一定要注意阅读各图中的一些细节内容，看其是否影响文章的内容。【满分范文】Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to e
10、xperience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding. On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, a
11、nd the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea. In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once
12、 again amazed by this unique culture and they couldnt help taking pictures from time to time. Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming
13、tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us. At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelle
14、d with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety,Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique cultureholding the tea bag
15、s in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. 使用倒装句突出重点。Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. 使用 it 做形式主语，使表达更地道。It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.Writing 2(2017北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的
16、先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于 60。提示词：视频 video(请务必讲作文写在答题卡指定区域内)_【写作指导】【范文】Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.Material collecting took us a whole week,
17、 during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the gra
18、duation ceremony, it was well received.The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.Writing 3(2016北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的地球日系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以Actions for a Greener Earth为题，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。注意：词数不少于 60。提示词：地球日 Earth Day_【写作指导】北京卷书面表达
19、第二节照例给出的是四幅图画组成的一个小故事。对于这类看图作文，我们首先要根据图画读懂故事，提炼要点（通常一幅图就是一个要点） ，然后再结合要点布局谋篇，搜寻好词好句，然后组词或组句。涉及到的具体细节参考词汇：图 1：a notice on the bulletin board, Actions for a Greener Earth, arouse students interest, learn about the activity图 2：be divided into groups, transform waste into delicate articles, devote to 图 3
20、：hold an activity in the nearby community, promote the awareness of Green Earth to more people, turn waste into wealth, show support, give the articles to neighbors图 4：hold a lecture in the auditorium, introduce the whole process of and the importance of 【范文】A week before Earth Day, posters were put
21、 up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles, and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and
22、 small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.We
23、 are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. Writing 4(2015福建卷)请阅读右面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为 120 左右 的短文。内容要求：1.描述画面；2.概述其含义；3.谈谈个人感想。注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2.可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯;3.文中不能出现考生的具体信息。参考词汇：凿，钻 boreIn the picture，_【写作指导】【范文】In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes,
24、 sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldnt afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to
25、 steal light from his neighbors house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.Of course, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the
26、 story that counts. Hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.Writing 5(2014辽宁卷)假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以校园生活创意无限(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。注意: 1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3.开头及结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。参考词汇：校园 ca
27、mpus 创意作品 innovation 颁奖 prize-givingNoticeAn exciting event Innovations on Campus is around the corner. _ _Come on, everybody! Its your show time.Student UnionWriting 4【写作指导】这是一篇书面通知的书面表达，要求作为学生会主席李华，就学校举行的校园生活，创意无限的活动，给学生出一个书面通知，要点不是通过文字，而是通过图画表示出来，所以考生在写作的时候，要认真看图，通过图画找出所给的重要信息。有活动内容，活动时间地点，和联系人和电
28、话等信息，弄清要点后，关键的是在写作的过程中，也要注意人称，时态语态和常见的语法问题，文章尽量简洁，但是要想得高分，要特别注意使用一些高级词汇和高级句型，如定语从句，强调句，倒装句等，让文章更上档次。【范文】NoticeAn exciting event Innovations on Campus is around the corner. Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.Note
29、 that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony? Sure! It
30、ll be held from 15:00 to 17:00 on June 18. So dont miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions. Call Li Hua at 44876655.Come on, everybody! Its your show time.Student UnionWriting1(2017 届北京市东城区高三上学期期末考试)假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华。你和
31、同学们在学校观看神舟十一号载人飞船发射直播。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍当天的活动。注意：1.词数不少于 60。2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：点火 igniteLast Monday I had an unforgettable experience. I watched the launch of Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft through TV at school._【范文】Last Monday I had an unforgettable experience. I watched the launch of
32、Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft on TV at school.Early in the morning, we gathered on the playground anxiously waiting for the launch. We all looked at the big screen attentively. Hearing 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Ignite! Go!, I felt my heart beating fast. With a mass of orange flames, the spacecraft gradually fl
33、ew into space, carrying our Chinese Dream. The moment it was announced that the launch was successfully accomplished, we burst into applause. We were so thrilled that we jumped, cheering the launch.Later that day, we had a heated discussion about what to do to celebrate the launch. We finally reache
34、d an agreement to make a wall newspaper. When the designing was done, we set about working on it. All of us did our bit and the wall newspaper was soon finished.Ill never forget this precious moment. The magnificent launch not only impresses us deeply but motivates us to do our best at school so tha
35、t we can also make some contributions to our country.Writing 2(2018 届安徽省江淮十校高三 4 月第三次联考)假设你是李华，请根据你对下面一幅图片的观察，给一家知名报社专栏“Voice Your Opinion”写一封信，谈谈你的观点与看法。注意：1. 自选角度和内容；2.字数 100 左右；3.信的开头和结尾已写好(不计入总词数)。Dear editor,In Chinese tradition, family reunion always plays a very important part in communicatio
36、n._Best wishes!Yours sincerely,Li Huawhat really matters is. 等等。【范文】Dear editor,In Chinese tradition, family reunion always plays a very important part in communication. When a national holiday falls, members of a family will probably gather together to visit the seniors and enjoy being with each other. In this picture, we can see that grandchildren of different ages are surrounding their granny. However, all of them merely focus their attention on smartphones and nobody seems to talk with their granny willingly. We can imagine how helpless and disappointed their
